The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: July 7, 2021

Abstract The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis and is more devastating than any other previous infectious disease. It affected significant proportion of the population both physically mentally, destroyed businesses societies. Current evidence suggested that immunopathology may be responsible for COVID-19 pathogenesis, including lymphopenia, neutrophilia, dysregulation monocytes macrophages, reduced or delayed type I interferon (IFN-I) response, antibody-dependent enhancement, especially, cytokine storm (CS). CS characterized by hyperproduction an array pro-inflammatory cytokines closely associated with poor prognosis. These excessively secreted initiate different inflammatory signaling pathways via their receptors on immune tissue cells, resulting in complicated medical symptoms fever, capillary leak syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress multiorgan failure, ultimately leading to death most severe cases. Therefore, it clinically important understand initiation develop effective treatment strategies COVID-19. Herein, we discuss latest developments immunopathological characteristics focus current research status involved. We also induction, function, downstream signaling, existing potential interventions targeting these related signal pathways. believe comprehensive understanding will help better effectively control this disease diseases.

Language: Английский

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GM-CSF-based treatments in COVID-19: reconciling opposing therapeutic approaches

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 507 - 514

Published: June 23, 2020

Therapeutics against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a myelopoietic growth and pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays critical role in alveolar macrophage homeostasis, lung inflammation immunological disease. Both administration inhibition of GM-CSF currently being therapeutically tested COVID-19 clinical trials. This Perspective discusses the pleiotropic biology scientific merits behind these contrasting approaches. Recombinant granulocyte–macrophage (GM-CSF) as well antibodies targeted at or its receptor trials for (COVID-19). introduces functions explores rationale different

Language: Английский

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Exploring treatment options in cancer: Tumor treatment strategies

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 17, 2024

Traditional therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have burdened cancer patients with onerous physical psychological challenges. Encouragingly, the landscape of tumor treatment has undergone a comprehensive remarkable transformation. Emerging fervently pursued modalities are small molecule targeted agents, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), cell-based therapies, gene therapy. These cutting-edge not only afford personalized precise targeting, but also provide enhanced comfort potential to impede disease progression. Nonetheless, it is acknowledged that these strategies still harbour untapped for further advancement. Gaining understanding merits limitations holds promise offering novel perspectives clinical practice foundational research endeavours. In this review, we discussed different modalities, including drugs, peptide antibody cell therapy, It will detailed explanation each method, addressing their status development, challenges, solutions. The aim assist clinicians researchers in gaining deeper diverse options, enabling them carry out effective advance more efficiently.

Language: Английский

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Clonal expansion and activation of tissue-resident memory-like T _H 17 cells expressing GM-CSF in the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(56)

Published: Feb. 12, 2021

Tissue-resident memory-like T H 17 cells are clonally expanded in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with severe COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Alveolar macrophages rely on GM-CSF from alveolar epithelial type 2 cells before and after birth

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 218(10)

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Programs defining tissue-resident macrophage identity depend on local environmental cues. For alveolar macrophages (AMs), these signals are provided by immune and nonimmune cells include GM-CSF (CSF2). However, evidence to functionally link components of this intercellular cross talk remains scarce. We thus developed new transgenic mice profile pulmonary expression, which we detected in both cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid γδ T as well AT2s. AMs were unaffected constitutive deletion hematopoietic Csf2 basophil depletion. Instead, AT2 lineage-specific inducible revealed the nonredundant function AT2-derived instructing AM fate, establishing postnatal compartment, maintaining adult lungs. This AT2-AM relationship begins during embryogenesis, where nascent AT2s timely induce expression support proliferation differentiation fetal monocytes contemporaneously seeding tissue, persists into adulthood, when epithelial restricted

Language: Английский

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The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: current understanding and future therapeutic targets

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 12, 2024

Neuroinflammation refers to a highly complicated reaction of the central nervous system (CNS) certain stimuli such as trauma, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases. This is cellular immune response whereby glial cells are activated, inflammatory mediators liberated reactive oxygen nitrogen species synthesized. key process that helps protect brain from pathogens, but inappropriate, or protracted inflammation yields pathological states Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, Multiple Sclerosis, other disorders showcase various pathways neurodegeneration distributed in parts CNS. review reveals major neuroinflammatory signaling associated with neurodegeneration. Additionally, it explores promising therapeutic avenues, stem cell therapy, genetic intervention, nanoparticles, aiming regulate neuroinflammation potentially impede decelerate advancement these conditions. A comprehensive understanding intricate connection between diseases pivotal for development future treatment strategies can alleviate burden imposed by devastating disorders.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophils: from IBD to the gut microbiota

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 184 - 197

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Significance of SPP1 in Lung Cancers and Its Impact as a Marker for Protumor Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 2250 - 2250

Published: April 12, 2023

Macrophages are a representative cell type in the tumor microenvironment. that infiltrate cancer microenvironment referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs exhibit protumor functions related invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, an increased density of is associated with poor clinical course many cancers. Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), also known osteopontin, multifunctional secreted phosphorylated glycoprotein. Although SPP1 produced variety organs, at cellular level, it expressed on only few types, such osteoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphoid mononuclear cells. by previous studies have demonstrated correlations between levels circulating and/or expression cells prognosis types cancer. We recently revealed correlated chemoresistance lung adenocarcinoma. In this review, we summarize significance cancers discuss importance new marker for subpopulation monocyte-derived Several shown SPP1/CD44 axis contribute solid cancers, so may represent one most critical mechanisms cell-to-cell communication TAMs.

Language: Английский

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Emerging aspects of cytokine storm in COVID-19: The role of proinflammatory cytokines and therapeutic prospects

Cytokine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 156287 - 156287

Published: June 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Signaling pathways in macrophages: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract Macrophages play diverse roles in development, homeostasis, and immunity. Accordingly, the dysfunction of macrophages is involved occurrence progression various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 atherosclerosis. The protective or pathogenic effect that exert different conditions largely depends on their functional plasticity, which regulated via signal transduction Janus kinase–signal transducer activator transcription, Wnt Notch pathways, stimulated by environmental cues. Over past few decades, molecular mechanisms signaling pathways have been gradually elucidated, providing more alternative therapeutic targets for diseases treatment. Here, we provide an overview basic physiology expound regulatory within them. We also address crucial role pathogenesis including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious cancer, with a focus advances macrophage‐targeted strategies exploring modulation components regulators pathways. Last, discuss challenges possible solutions therapy clinical applications. hope this comprehensive review will directions further research targeting macrophage are promising to improve efficacy

Language: Английский

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