Contemporary cardiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 167 - 200
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
A
healthy
lifestyle
across
the
lifespan
is
foundation
for
prevention
of
atherosclerotic
cardiovascular
disease
(ASCVD).
Lifestyle
interventions
associated
with
improved
health
and
ASCVD
risk
reduction
include
dietary
interventions,
physical
activity,
adequate
sleep,
psychosocial
health,
tobacco
abstinence
or
cessation.
The
majority
available
evidence
impact
on
outcomes
from
observational
studies.
Results
randomized
controlled
trials
various
demonstrate
significant
beneficial
effects
factors,
such
as
lipids
lipoproteins,
glucose,
blood
pressures.
totality
association
support
following
recommendations:
(1)
consume
a
high-quality
pattern;
(2)
limit
intakes
saturated
fatty
acids
replace
unsaturated
acids;
(3)
foods
beverages
added
sugars;
(4)
alcohol
those
who
do
not
currently
drink
intake
to
≤1
drink/day
men
women
choose
drink;
(5)
participate
in
sufficient
quantities
types
activity;
(6)
reduce
excess
adiposity;
(7)
obtain
quantity
quality
sleep;
(8)
manage
stressors
improve
psychological
health;
(9)
abstain
use.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(9), P. 7910 - 7910
Published: April 26, 2023
Recent
advances
have
greatly
improved
our
understanding
of
the
molecular
mechanisms
behind
atherosclerosis
pathogenesis.
However,
there
is
still
a
need
to
systematize
this
data
from
general
pathology
perspective,
particularly
with
regard
atherogenesis
patterns
in
context
both
canonical
and
non-classical
inflammation
types.
In
review,
we
analyze
various
typical
phenomena
outcomes
cellular
pro-inflammatory
stress
atherosclerosis,
as
well
role
endothelial
dysfunction
local
systemic
manifestations
low-grade
inflammation.
We
also
present
features
immune
development
productive
stable
unstable
plaques,
along
their
similarities
differences
compared
There
are
numerous
factors
that
act
inducers
inflammatory
process
including
vascular
endothelium
aging,
metabolic
dysfunctions,
autoimmune,
some
cases,
infectious
damage
factors.
Life-critical
complications
such
cardiogenic
shock
severe
strokes,
associated
acute
hyperinflammation.
Additionally,
critical
atherosclerotic
ischemia
lower
extremities
induces
paracoagulation
chronic
Conversely,
sepsis,
other
conditions,
diseases
contribute
atherogenesis.
summary,
can
be
characterized
an
independent
form
inflammation,
sharing
but
having
fundamental
variants
(classic
vasculitis).
Cardiovascular Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
119(1), P. 283 - 293
Published: June 16, 2022
Abstract
Aims
Endothelial
function
is
essential
for
cardiovascular
health,
and
flow-mediated
dilation
(FMD)
an
established
technique
to
measure
it.
This
paper
aims
assess
FMD
values
in
apparently
healthy
individuals
provides
reference
facilitate
wider
clinical
use.
Methods
results
In
1,579
(aged
18–76),
fasted
(data
from
44
studies,
6
institutions,
22
operators)
were
normally
distributed
inversely
univariately
correlated
with
age,
body
mass
index,
glucose,
cholesterol,
blood
pressure,
brachial
artery
(BA)
diameter.
Significant
multivariate
predictors
of
age
(−0.4%/decade),
BMI
(0.04%/kg/m2),
smoking
(−0.7%),
BA
diameter
(−0.44%/mm)
that
together
explained
19%
the
variability
independent
operator,
institution
or
ultrasound
machine.
Individuals
high
tertile
(>6.8%)
younger,
had
smaller
diameter,
lower
pressure
cholesterol.
low-
intermediate
fatal
risk
(SCORE),
26%
53%
individuals,
respectively,
low
(<5.4%).
After
adding
data
385
patients
stable
coronary
disease
(CAD),
ROC
analysis
(c
=
0.841,
P
<
0.001)
showed
>6.5%
excluded
CAD
(95%
sensitivity;
60%
specificity)
<3.1%
95%
specificity,
31%
sensitivity).
A
meta-analysis
meta-regression
82
trials
(11
countries,
n
3,509)
using
similar
methodology
despite
considerable
heterogeneity
(I2
0.97)
was
on
average
6.4%
(95%CI:
6.2%,
6.7%)
no
significant
differences
between
countries
but
a
age-dependent
decline
(−0.3%/decade,
R2
0.13).
Conclusions
We
provide
age-adapted
frame
intervals
use
as
biomarker
health.
As
degree
vascular
endothelial
integrates
environmental
genetic
factors
classical
CV
factors,
may
more
comprehensively
classify
without
standard
modifiable
serve
target
prevention.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Jan. 11, 2022
Atherosclerosis
is
the
leading
cause
of
death
worldwide
and
leukocyte
recruitment
a
key
element
this
phenomenon,
thus
allowing
immune
cells
to
enter
arterial
wall.
There,
in
concert
with
accumulating
lipids,
invading
leukocytes
trigger
plethora
inflammatory
responses
which
promote
influx
additional
lead
continued
growth
atherosclerotic
plaques.
The
process
follows
precise
scheme
tethering,
rolling,
firm
arrest,
crawling
transmigration
involves
multiple
cellular
subcellular
players.
This
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
up-to-date
insight
into
relevant
atherosclerosis,
each
from
perspective
endothelial
cells,
monocytes
macrophages,
neutrophils,
T
lymphocytes
platelets.
In
addition,
therapeutic
options
targeting
lesions-or
potentially
arising
growing
body
insights
its
mechanisms-are
highlighted.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 3394 - 3394
Published: Feb. 8, 2023
Physical
exercise
represents
an
effective
preventive
and
therapeutic
strategy
beneficially
modifying
the
course
of
multiple
diseases.
The
protective
mechanisms
are
manifold;
primarily,
they
elicited
by
alterations
in
metabolic
inflammatory
pathways.
Exercise
intensity
duration
strongly
influence
provoked
response.
This
narrative
review
aims
to
provide
comprehensive
up-to-date
insights
into
beneficial
effects
physical
illustrating
impact
moderate
vigorous
on
innate
adaptive
immunity.
Specifically,
we
describe
qualitative
quantitative
changes
different
leukocyte
subsets
while
distinguishing
between
acute
chronic
effects.
Further,
elaborate
how
modifies
progression
atherosclerosis,
leading
cause
death
worldwide,
representing
a
prime
example
disease
triggered
Here,
counteracts
causal
contributors
thereby
improves
outcomes.
In
addition,
identify
gaps
that
still
need
be
addressed
future.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
72(6), P. 2977 - 2988
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
This
study
investigated
the
effects
of
Lactobacillus
brevis-fermented
gamma-aminobutyric
acid
(LB-GABA)
on
depressive
and
anxiety-like
behaviors
with
underlying
molecular
mechanism
in
a
chronic
stress
model
BALB/c
mice.
LB-GABA
attenuates
both
neuronal
cell
death
increase
monoamine
oxidase
activity
induced
by
hydrogen
peroxide.
Behavioral
tests
revealed
that
GABA
significantly
increased
sucrose
preference
reduced
immobility
time
tail
suspension
forced
swimming
tests.
exploration
open
arms
elevated
plus
maze
restored
field.
Moreover,
lowered
hormone
inflammatory
mediator
levels.
Mechanistically,
protein
levels
BDNF
TrkB,
activating
downstream
targets
(AKT,
ERK,
CREB),
crucial
for
survival
plasticity.
Furthermore,
protected
hippocampal
neurons
from
stress-induced
serotonin
dopamine
Overall,
has
potential
to
alleviate
depression
symptoms
neuroinflammation
BDNF-TrkB
signaling
pathway.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: July 4, 2022
Inflammation
strongly
contributes
to
atherosclerosis
initiation
and
progression.
Consequently,
recent
clinical
trials
pharmacologically
targeted
vascular
inflammation
decrease
the
incidence
of
atherosclerosis-related
complications.
Colchicine,
a
microtubule
inhibitor
with
anti-inflammatory
properties,
reduced
cardiovascular
events
in
patients
acute
coronary
syndrome
chronic
disease.
However,
biological
basis
these
observations
remains
elusive.
We
sought
explore
mechanism
by
which
colchicine
beneficially
alters
course
atherosclerosis.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: April 21, 2023
Stress
is
an
important
risk
factor
for
modern
chronic
diseases,
with
distinct
influences
in
males
and
females.
The
sex
specificity
of
the
mammalian
stress
response
contributes
to
sex-dependent
development
impacts
coronary
artery
disease
(CAD).
Compared
men,
women
appear
have
greater
susceptibility
forms
psychosocial
stress,
extending
beyond
increased
incidence
mood
disorders
include
a
2-
4-fold
higher
stress-dependent
myocardial
infarction
women,
up
10-fold
Takotsubo
syndrome—a
coronary-myocardial
disorder
most
prevalent
post-menopausal
women.
Sex
differences
arise
at
all
levels
response:
from
initial
perception
behavioural,
cognitive,
affective
responses
longer-term
outcomes.
These
fundamental
involve
interactions
between
chromosomal
gonadal
determinants,
(mal)adaptive
epigenetic
modulation
across
lifespan
(particularly
early
life),
extrinsic
socio-cultural,
economic,
environmental
factors.
Pre-clinical
investigations
biological
mechanisms
support
life
programming
heightened
corticolimbic-noradrenaline-neuroinflammatory
reactivity
females
vs.
males,
among
implicated
determinants
response.
Unravelling
intrinsic
molecular,
cellular
systems
basis
these
differences,
their
external
lifestyle/socio-cultural
can
guide
preventative
therapeutic
strategies
better
target
heart
tailored
sex-specific
manner.
Cardiovascular Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 24, 2024
Abstract
The
importance
of
the
brain–heart
interaction
has
been
increasingly
recognized
as
a
critical
physiological
axis
that
is
altered
in
disease.
In
this
review,
we
explore
intricate
relationship
between
central
nervous
system
and
cardiovascular
health,
focusing
particularly
on
immunological
mechanisms
influence
course
both
neurological
diseases.
While
previous
studies
have
established
key
role
autonomic
(ANS)
linking
brain
heart,
more
recent
expanded
our
understanding
multifaceted
inter-organ
interactions.
As
such,
circulating
mediators
include
immune
cells
adaptive
innate
their
secreted
immunogenic
factors
come
into
focus
along
bidirectional
communication.
Hence,
review
briefly
discuss
contribution
ANS
then
heart-to-brain
brain-to-heart
axes,
illustrating
how
diseases
affect
cognitive
functions
pathologies
lead
to
cardiac
complications.
