Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 21 - 21

Published: Dec. 25, 2019

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main pharmacologically active phytocannabinoids Cannabis sativa L. CBD non-psychoactive but exerts a number beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The chemistry pharmacology CBD, as well various molecular targets, cannabinoid receptors other components endocannabinoid system with which it interacts, have been extensively studied. In addition, preclinical clinical studies contributed to our understanding therapeutic potential for many diseases, diseases associated oxidative stress. Here, we review biological effects its synthetic derivatives, focusing on cellular, antioxidant, properties CBD.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 974 - 989

Published: June 3, 2019

Currently, there is a great interest in the potential medical use of cannabidiol (CBD), non-intoxicating cannabinoid. Productive pharmacological research on CBD occurred 1970s and intensified recently with many discoveries about endocannabinoid system. Multiple preclinical clinical studies led to FDA-approval Epidiolex®, purified medicine formulated for oral administration treatment infantile refractory epileptic syndromes, by US Food Drug Administration 2018. The World Health Organization considers rescheduling cannabis cannabinoids. around world expanding diseases that lack scientific evidence drug's efficacy. Preclinical also report adverse effects (AEs) toxicity following intake.Relevant reporting CBD's AEs or were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMBASE through January 2019. Studies defining beneficial included provide balance estimating risk/benefit.CBD not risk-free. In animals, developmental toxicity, embryo-fetal mortality, central nervous system inhibition neurotoxicity, hepatocellular injuries, spermatogenesis reduction, organ weight alterations, male reproductive hypotension, although at doses higher than recommended human pharmacotherapies. Human epilepsy psychiatric disorders reported CBD-induced drug-drug interactions, hepatic abnormalities, diarrhea, fatigue, vomiting, somnolence.CBD has proven therapeutic efficacy serious conditions such as Dravet Lennox-Gastaut syndromes likely be off label physicians other conditions. However, interactions must taken into consideration clinicians prior recommending off-label CBD.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress During Carcinogenesis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: April 13, 2018

Inflammation and oxidative stress are common co-substantial pathological processes accompanying, promoting, even initiating numerous cancers. The canonical WNT-catenin pathway PPARγ generally work in opposition. If one of them is upregulated, the other downregulated vice versa. WNT/-catenin signaling upregulated inflammatory many cancers, although there some exceptions for opposite observed with PPARγ, which during inflammation This helps to explain part unidirectional profile these three frequent morbid that potentiate each create a vicious circle. Many intracellular pathways commonly involved downstream will help maintain amplify inflammation, cancer. Thus target genes such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, HIF-1.are development NF-ϰB can activate factors TNF-, TGF-, IL-6, IL-8, MMP, VEGF, COX2, Bcl2 iNOS. These often associated cancerous may promote them. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by cellular alterations, stimulate production NF-ϰB, STAT, AP-1, HIF-. inhibits GSK-3 therefore activates WNT pathway. ROS PI3K/Akt also GSK-3. gene mutations giving rise cancers have been reported (CTNNB1, AXIN, APC…). Conversely, significant reduction expression has Moreover, agonists cell cycle arrest, differentiation, apoptosis, reduce angiogenesis, stress, proliferation, invasion, migration. All complex opposing interactions between appear be fairly

Language: Английский

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Use of Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Epilepsy: Efficacy and Security in Clinical Trials

Molecules, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 1459 - 1459

Published: April 12, 2019

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the cannabinoids with non-psychotropic action, extracted from

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Dysregulation Contributes to the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated a critical role for dysregulated glucose metabolism in its pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize metabolic alterations aging brain and AD-related deficits associated with dysregulation, glycolysis dysfunction, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficits, pentose phosphate pathway impairment. Additionally, discuss recent treatment strategies targeting defects AD, including their limitations, effort to encourage the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: The Key Role of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2810 - 2810

Published: March 4, 2022

Schizophrenia is a very complex syndrome involving widespread brain multi-dysconnectivity. marked by cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dysregulations. Recent studies suggest that inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) immune dysfunction could have role pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This hypothesis supported immunogenetic evidence, higher incidence rate autoimmune diseases patients with The dysregulation WNT/β-catenin pathway associated involvement neuroinflammation Several shown there vicious positive interplay operating between oxidative stress. modulated WNT/β-catenin, which interacts NF-kB pathway; inflammatory factors (including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α); stress such as glutamate; dopamine. Neuroinflammation increased levels PPARγ. In schizophrenia, expression PPAR-γ increased, whereas PPARα are downregulated. suggests metabolic-inflammatory imbalance occurs this disorder. Thus, research’s triptych be novel therapeutic approach to counteract both

Language: Английский

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The Polypharmacological Effects of Cannabidiol

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 3271 - 3271

Published: April 6, 2023

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis sativa (Linneo, 1753). This naturally occurring secondary metabolite does not induce intoxication or exhibit the characteristic profile of drugs abuse from cannabis like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) does. In contrast to ∆9-THC, our knowledge neuro-molecular mechanisms CBD limited, and its pharmacology, which appears be complex, has yet been fully elucidated. The study pharmacological effects grown exponentially recent years, making it necessary generate frequently updated reports on this important metabolite. article, rationalized integration action molecular targets implications animal models human diseases, such as epilepsy, pain, neuropsychiatric disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory are presented. We identify around 56 different for CBD, including enzymes ion channels/metabotropic receptors involved neurologic conditions. Herein, we compiled found scientific literature multiple actions CBD. vitro vivo findings essential understanding polypharmacological nature natural product.

Language: Английский

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TGF-β in fibrosis by acting as a conductor for contractile properties of myofibroblasts

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Abstract Myofibroblasts are non-muscle contractile cells that play a key physiologically role in organs such as the stem villi of human placenta during physiological pregnancy. They able to contract and relax response changes volume intervillous chamber. have also been observed several diseases involved wound healing fibrotic processes affecting organs, liver, lungs, kidneys heart. During process, tissue retraction rather than contraction is correlated with collagen synthesis extracellular matrix, leading irreversible fibrosis and, finally, apoptosis myofibroblasts. The molecular motor myofibroblasts type IIA B myosin (NMMIIA NMMIIB). Fibroblast differentiation into largely governed by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). This system controls canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway positive manner, PPARγ negative manner. promotes fibrosis, while prevents it. review focuses on properties conductor, TGF-β1, which together control opposing interplay between pathway.

Language: Английский

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From Cannabis sativa to Cannabidiol: Promising Therapeutic Candidate for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 6, 2020

Cannabis sativa, commonly known as marijuana, represents a reservoir of compounds exerting beneficial properties. Besides Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol that is responsible for the psychotropic effect associated with consumption, cannabidiol (CBD) most abundant nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid and may represent prototype anti-inflammatory drug development human pathologies where involved activation immune system oxidative stress (OS), contributor to their aetiology progression. To this regard, OS has been implicated in progression number neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD). These diseases are characterized by extensive damage different biological substrates can lead cell death variety mechanisms. Most cases have complex numerous genetic environmental factors contributing progression; therefore, biomarker treatment strategies require simultaneous targeting multiple components, some specific stage, order assess modulate neurodegeneration. In context, CBD, which interacts endocannabinoid system, but also cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism, might be good candidate anti-oxidant development. The wide range targets CBD emphasizes its potential multimodal major disorders, such PD AD. present review summarizes biochemical molecular mechanisms therapeutic effects considerable impact on disorders.

Language: Английский

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Neurogenesis After Stroke: A Therapeutic Perspective

Translational Stroke Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 1 - 14

Published: Aug. 29, 2020

Abstract Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Yet therapeutic strategies available to treat stroke are very limited. There an urgent need develop novel therapeutics that can effectively facilitate functional recovery. The injury results from known induce neurogenesis in penumbra the infarct region. considerable interest harnessing this response for purposes. This review summarizes what currently about stroke-induced factors have been identified regulate it. Additionally, some key studies field highlighted their implications on future therapy discussed. complex interplay between neuroinflammation dictates outcome possibly highlights better understanding neuroinflammatory process how it affects neurogenesis, as well identify new mechanisms potential modulators. Neuroinflammatory processes impact post-stroke repair therefore also

Language: Английский

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