Schizophrenia and neuroinflammation: Pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects DOI Creative Commons
A. V. Chugunov, A A Shmilovich,

D. V. Nikolaeva

et al.

Published: March 23, 2025

Introduction. Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with heterogeneous symptoms, including psychotic, negative, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor symptoms. Although the pathogenesis of schizophrenia mainly associated neurotransmitter imbalance, recent studies have suggested importance neuroinflammation in this disease. Objective. To study involvement prognostic assessment potential anti-inflammatory effect antipsychotic medications. Discussion. Current data indicate significant role development course schizophrenia. At initial stages its development, number lymphocytes level some proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) increase, which can be decreased by therapy. Studies involving experimental models maternal immune activation (MIA) obtained immunohistochemical PET confirm an abnormal microglia, indicating innate cells. Adaptive response cells also play Thus, increased Th17 increase production cytokines, correlating disease severity, were revealed. The neurotransmitters modulating immune-inflammatory discussed. Available suggest that participation dopamine mediated immunomodulatory effect. indicated clinical effectiveness treatment On other hand, antipsychotics has been established, which, at least part, may mediate their Conclusions. Given pathogenesis, further into both properties effects drugs are promising order to optimize

Language: Английский

Biological hypotheses, risk factors, and biomarkers of schizophrenia DOI
Zdeněk Fišar

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 120, P. 110626 - 110626

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

59
Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by PM2.5 Exposure and its possible role in Neurodegenerative and mental disorders DOI Creative Commons
X. Liu, Jia Huang, Chao Song

et al.

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42

Published: March 1, 2023

Recent extensive evidence suggests that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) may be neurotoxic to the brain and cause central nervous system damage, contributing neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease, mental schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder. PM2.5 can enter via various pathways, including blood-brain barrier, olfactory system, gut-brain axis, leading adverse effects on CNS. Studies in humans animals have revealed PM2.5-mediated mechanisms, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, gut flora dysbiosis, play a crucial role CNS damage. Additionally, exposure induce epigenetic alterations, hypomethylation of DNA, which contribute pathogenesis some Through literature analysis, we suggest promising therapeutic targets for alleviating PM2.5-induced neurological damage include inhibiting microglia overactivation, regulating microbiota antibiotics, targeting signaling PKA/CREB/BDNF WNT/β-catenin. several studies observed association between changes neuropsychiatric disorders. This review summarizes discusses possible mechanisms by causes neurotoxicity.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Schizophrenia? The Use of Inflammation-Reducing and Neuroprotective Drugs—A Review DOI Creative Commons
A. Messina, Carmen Concerto, Alessandro Rodolico

et al.

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 957 - 957

Published: June 15, 2023

Comprehending the pathogenesis of schizophrenia represents a challenge for global mental health. To date, although it is evident that alterations in dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission underlie clinical expressiveness disease, neuronal disconnections represent only an epiphenomenon. In recent years, several studies have converged on hypothesis microglia hyperactivation consequent neuroinflammatory state as pathogenic substrate schizophrenia. Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal factors can cause to switch from M2 anti-inflammatory M1 pro-inflammatory states. A continuous mild progressively leads loss, reduction dendritic spines, myelin degeneration. The augmentation drugs reduce neuroinflammation antipsychotics could be effective therapeutic modality managing This review will consider which with neuroprotective properties been used addition antipsychotic treatment patients

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Neuroinflammation and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies through Psychobiotics, Nanotechnology, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) DOI Open Access
Freiser Eceomo Cruz Mosquera,

Maria Camila Guevara-Montoya,

Valentina Serna-Ramirez

et al.

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 391 - 391

Published: April 6, 2024

The prevalence of schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% the global population, underscores urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent insights into role neuroinflammation, gut–brain axis, and microbiota in schizophrenia pathogenesis have paved way exploration psychobiotics as a novel treatment avenue. These interventions, targeting gut microbiome, offer promising approach to ameliorating psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, advancements artificial intelligence nanotechnology are set revolutionize psychobiotic development application, enhance their production, precision, effectiveness. This interdisciplinary heralds new era management, potentially transforming patient outcomes offering beacon hope those afflicted by this complex disorder.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Antipsychotic effect of diosgenin in ketamine-induced murine model of schizophrenia: Involvement of oxidative stress and cholinergic transmission DOI Creative Commons
Benneth Ben‐Azu, Olusegun G. Adebayo, Aliance Romain Fokoua

et al.

IBRO Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 86 - 97

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

A decrease in the levels of antioxidant arsenals exacerbate generation reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, leading to neurochemical dysfunction, with significant impact on pathogenesis psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. This study examined preventive and reversal effects diosgenin, a phyto-steroidal saponin functions mice treated ketamine which closely replicates schizophrenia-like symptoms human laboratory animals. In phase, adult cohorts were clustered into 5 groups (n = 9). Groups 1 2 received saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.), 3 4 pretreated diosgenin (25 50 mg/kg), group risperidone (0.5 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Mice 2-5 additionally daily dose (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or mL/kg/day, i.p.). intraperitoneal injection consecutive days prior mg/kg/p.o./day) treatment from 8-14. assessed behavioral changes. Oxidative, nitrergic markers, cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase activity) transmission striatum, prefrontal-cortex hippocampus. Diosgenin prevented reversed hyperlocomotion, cognitive social deficits relative groups. The increased acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde nitrite produced by reduced hippocampus, but did not reverse striatal level. glutathione, catalase levels, except hippocampal activity when compared controls. Conclusively, these biochemical changes might be related ketamine-treated mice, diosgenin.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
The Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychosis: Focus on Neurotransmission Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction DOI Creative Commons

Neha S. Rawani,

Allen W. Chan,

Serdar Dursun

et al.

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 709 - 709

Published: June 12, 2024

Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in distorted sense reality, is observed several psychiatric disorders addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant underlying neurobiology psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been major influence study neurochemistry psychosis and development antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on other factors must be involved dysfunction In current review, reported how these factors, namely dysregulation neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes), hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, gut microbiome, oxidative stress, mitochondrial contribute interact with one another. Research increased knowledge complexity psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations drugs (with pre- probiotics some cases) affecting mentioned above, have suggested. Similarly, putative biomarkers, particularly those related immune system, proposed. Future research both pharmacotherapy biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted an all stages consider confounders such sex differences comorbidity.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
The Cellular Dysfunction of the Brain–Blood Barrier from Endothelial Cells to Astrocytes: The Pathway towards Neurotransmitter Impairment in Schizophrenia DOI Open Access
Stefano Stanca, Martina Rossetti, Leona Bokulic Panichi

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1250 - 1250

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is an articulated psychiatric syndrome characterized by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Our intention to present pathogenetic model combining SCZ alterations the main cellular actors blood-brain barrier (BBB): endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, astrocytes. The homeostasis BBB preserved neurovascular unit which constituted ECs, astrocytes microglia, neurons, extracellular matrix. role strictly linked its ability preserve biochemical integrity brain parenchyma integrity. In SCZ, there increased permeability, demonstrated elevated levels albumin immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid, this result intrinsic impairment. Increased permeability would lead enhanced concentrations neurotoxic neuroactive molecules brain. involvement reverberates consequences on BBB, together with impact selectivity represented EC pericyte damage occurring psychotic picture. Understanding strict interaction between ECs astrocytes, consequent cognition, diriment not only for comprehension neurotransmitter dyshomeostasis but also focusing other potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds from Herbs and Nutraceuticals in Alleviating Neurological Disorders: Targeting the Wnt Signaling Pathway DOI
Lei Li, Lin Wang, Lijuan Zhang

et al.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(5), P. 2411 - 2433

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

As an important signaling pathway in multicellular eukaryotes, the Wnt participates a variety of physiological processes. Recent studies have confirmed that plays role neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The regulation by natural compounds herbal medicines nutraceuticals has emerged potential strategy for development new drugs disorders.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
The Molecular Basis of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases DOI Creative Commons
Ananya Anurag Anand, Misbah Khan,

Vincenzi Monica

et al.

International Journal of Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 13

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Defective Wnt signaling is found to be associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. In the canonical pathway, Frizzled receptor (Fzd) and lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5/6 (LRP5/LRP6) create a seven-pass transmembrane complex which ligands bind. This interaction causes tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli gene product (APC), casein kinase 1 (CK1), GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta) recruited by scaffold protein Dishevelled (Dvl), in turn deactivates β-catenin destruction complex. inactivation stops from phosphorylating β-catenin. As result, first builds up cytoplasm then migrates into nucleus, where it binds Lef/Tcf transcription factor activate of more than 50 target genes, including those involved cell growth, survival, differentiation, neurogenesis, inflammation. The treatments that are currently available for illnesses most commonly not curative nature but only symptomatic. According all research, restoring Wnt/β-catenin brains patients disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s disease, would improve condition several neurological disorders. importance activators modulators such mainly restore rather overstimulate signaling, thereby reestablishing equilibrium between Wnt-OFF Wnt-ON states. this review, we have tried summarize significance pathway pathophysiology certain diseases, as cerebral ischemia, Huntington’s multiple sclerosis, other similar how can restored these patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Cytokine Imbalance as a Biomarker of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia DOI Open Access
N. А. Shnayder, Aiperi K. Khasanova, Anna Strelnik

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11324 - 11324

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is an important and unresolved problem in biological clinical psychiatry. Approximately 30% of cases (Sch) are TRS, which may be due to the fact that some patients with TRS suffer from pathogenetically “non-dopamine” Sch, development neuroinflammation supposed play role. The purpose this narrative review attempt summarize data characterizing patterns production pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory cytokines during therapeutic resistance APs their pathogenetic prognostic significance cytokine imbalance as biomarkers. This demonstrates evaluating contribution maintaining or changing balance can become a new key unlocking mystery Sch developing strategies for treatment psychosis setting acute chronic neuroinflammation. In addition, inconsistency results previous studies on role indicates biomarker, most likely, not serum level one more cytokines, but balance. We have confirmed hypothesis partially supported by variable response immunomodulators were prescribed without taking into account relation between levels TRS.

Language: Английский

Citations

23