Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Mailis Maes, Ellen E. Higginson,

Joana Pereira-Dias

et al.

Critical Care, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Pandemic COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has a high incidence of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Many these require admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for invasive ventilation and are at significant risk developing secondary, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Language: Английский

Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) DOI Open Access
W. Joost Wiersinga, Andrew Rhodes, Allen C. Cheng

et al.

JAMA, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 324(8), P. 782 - 782

Published: July 10, 2020

Importance

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a worldwide sudden and substantial increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease. This review discusses current evidence regarding pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, management of COVID-19.

Observations

SARS-CoV-2 is spread primarily via droplets during close face-to-face contact. Infection can be by asymptomatic, presymptomatic, symptomatic carriers. average time from exposure symptom onset 5 days, 97.5% people who develop symptoms do so within 11.5 days. most common are fever, dry cough, shortness breath. Radiographic laboratory abnormalities, such as lymphopenia elevated lactate dehydrogenase, common, but nonspecific. Diagnosis made detection reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing, although false-negative test results may occur up 20% 67% patients; however, this dependent on quality timing testing. Manifestations COVID-19 include asymptomatic carriers fulminant characterized sepsis failure. Approximately 5% patients COVID-19, those hospitalized, experience necessitating intensive care. More than 75% hospitalized require supplemental oxygen. Treatment individuals includes best practices supportive hypoxic Emerging data indicate that dexamethasone therapy reduces 28-day mortality requiring oxygen compared usual care (21.6% vs 24.6%; age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.74-0.92]) remdesivir improves recovery (hospital discharge or no requirement) 15 11 In randomized trial 103 convalescent plasma did not shorten recovery. Ongoing trials testing antiviral therapies, immune modulators, anticoagulants. case-fatality varies markedly age, ranging 0.3 deaths per 1000 cases among aged 17 years 304.9 85 older US. Among unit, case fatality 40%. At least 120 vaccines under development. Until an effective vaccine available, primary methods reduce face masks, social distancing, contact tracing. Monoclonal antibodies hyperimmune globulin provide additional preventive strategies.

Conclusions Relevance

As July 1, 2020, more 10 million had been infected SARS-CoV-2. Many aspects infection, treatment remain unclear. Advances prevention will basic clinical investigation public health interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

4381
Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Bradley J. Langford, Miranda So,

Sumit Raybardhan

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(12), P. 1622 - 1629

Published: July 23, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

1442
Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Carolina García‐Vidal,

Gemma Sanjuan,

Estela Moreno-García

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 83 - 88

Published: July 31, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

934
Towards the sustainable discovery and development of new antibiotics DOI Creative Commons

Marcus Miethke,

Marco Pieroni, Tilmann Weber

et al.

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(10), P. 726 - 749

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast current level investment their development, particularly fields natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry modes action are desperately needed worldwide tackle public health menace posed antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint substantially improve ability discover develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term long-term solutions overcome most urgent limitations various sectors research funding, aiming bridge gap between academic, industrial political stakeholders, unite interdisciplinary expertise order efficiently fuel translational pipeline benefit future generations.

Language: Английский

Citations

825
Antibiotic prescribing in patients with COVID-19: rapid review and meta-analysis DOI Open Access
Bradley J. Langford, Miranda So,

Sumit Raybardhan

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 520 - 531

Published: Jan. 9, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

750
Global Initiative for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. The 2020 GOLD Science Committee Report on COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease DOI Creative Commons
David Halpin, Gerard J. Criner, Alberto Papi

et al.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 203(1), P. 24 - 36

Published: Nov. 4, 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has raised many questions about the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and whether modifications their therapy are required. It recognizing differentiating (COVID-19) from COPD given similarity symptoms. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Science Committee used established methods literature review to present an overview during COVID-19 pandemic. is unclear at increased risk becoming infected SARS-CoV-2. During periods high community prevalence COVID-19, spirometry should only be when it essential diagnosis and/or assess lung function status interventional procedures or surgery. Patients follow basic infection control measures, including social distancing, hand washing, wearing a mask face covering. remain up date appropriate vaccinations, particularly annual influenza vaccination. Although data limited, inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting bronchodilators, roflumilast, macrolides continue as indicated stable management. Systemic steroids antibiotics in exacerbations according usual indications. Differentiating symptoms underlying those exacerbation may challenging. If there suspicion testing SARS-CoV-2 considered. who developed moderate-to-severe hospitalization pneumonia, treated evolving pharmacotherapeutic approaches appropriate, remdesivir, dexamethasone, anticoagulation. Managing failure include oxygen supplementation, prone positioning, noninvasive ventilation, protective strategy distress syndrome. asymptomatic mild followed protocols. moderate worse monitored more frequently accurately than COPD, particular attention need therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

637
Bacterial and fungal coinfection among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in a UK secondary-care setting DOI Creative Commons
Stephen Hughes,

Oliver Troise,

Hugo Donaldson

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 1395 - 1399

Published: June 27, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

610
Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis Associated With COVID-19 DOI Open Access
Salil Mehta, Abha Pandey

Cureus, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 30, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal co-infections. We report the case patient COVID-19 infection, which, during course treatment, developed rhino-orbital mucormycosis. A 60- year-old male patient, longstanding diabetic, positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was admitted treatment. He received parenteral meropenem oral oseltamivir methylprednisolone. Over admission, he signs orbital cellulitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, orbits, paranasal sinuses, revealed soft tissue swelling in right preseptal, malar, premaxillary retrobulbar regions sinusitis. nasal biopsy broad aseptate filamentous hyphae suggestive mucormycosis, which confirmed on culture. Extensive use steroids/monoclonal antibodies/broad-spectrum antibiotics lead to development/exacerbation preexisting disease. Physicians should aware possibility secondary invasive patients infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

575
Comparison of the characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Lionel Piroth, Jonathan Cottenet, Anne‐Sophie Mariet

et al.

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 251 - 259

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

567
Azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial DOI Creative Commons

Eugenia Abaleke,

Mustafa Abbas,

Sadia Abbasi

et al.

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 397(10274), P. 605 - 612

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

532