Relational Expertise: What Machines Can't Know

Journal of Management Studies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract Professions continue to be the primary means through which societies institutionalize expertise. Recent analyses and narratives predict that artificial intelligence (AI) will make meaningful inroads into non‐routine reasoning about complex cases, threatening authority of professions. These predictions, we argue, draw on substantialist understandings expertise as an intellectual possession, a mental achievement, or cognitive state performed – by humans machines achieve effects. A synthesis empirical studies shows is more accurately conceptualized relationally constituted generated, applied, recognized interactions. Relational creates challenges opacity, translation, accountability for development deployment AI technologies in context professional work. relational understanding disrupts notions professions may augmented with, subordinated to, dismantled technologies. Instead, are embedded network interactions constituted.

Language: Английский

---

How Professionals Adapt to Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Intertwined Boundary Work

Journal of Management Studies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 31, 2023

Abstract The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated extensive debates about the future work in professions. However, few studies take account potential for AI's disruptive effects to trigger robust defence by professionals their interests and resources. By examining adoption AI accounting law professional service firms (PSFs), we show how respond through intertwined boundary , this being process which disruptions protect resources engaging multiple interdependent modes work. We also examine way collaborate with other groups as part implications some key features PSF organization. Our study reveals that responses are leading new types services. This means rather than spelling ‘end professions’, is reconfigured forms activity, jurisdiction, PSFs.

Language: Английский

---

Reflection Machines: Supporting Effective Human Oversight Over Medical Decision Support Systems

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 380 - 389

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Human decisions are increasingly supported by decision support systems (DSS). Humans required to remain "on the loop," monitoring and approving/rejecting machine recommendations. However, use of DSS can lead overreliance on machines, reducing human oversight. This paper proposes "reflection machines" (RM) increase meaningful control. An RM provides a medical expert not with suggestions for decision, but questions that stimulate reflection about decisions. It refer data points or suggest counterarguments less compatible planned decision. RMs think against proposed in order resistance automation complacency. Building preliminary research, this will (1) make case deriving set design requirements from EU regulations, (2) way how could decision-making, (3) describe possibility prototype an apply domain chronic low back pain, (4) highlight importance exploring RM's functionality experiences users working it.

Language: Английский

---

How workers meet new expertise needs throughout their careers: An integrative review revealing a dynamic process model of flexpertise

International Journal of Management Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 458 - 489

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Abstract In expertise research, the focus is shifting from how one becomes an expert in a specific field towards understanding workers sustain value and recognition of their by being flexible. This so‐called flexpertise requires that meet new needs within across boundaries current domains working contexts. The study grounds theoretical paradigm regarding this individual adaptivity introducing ‘dynamic process model flexpertise’. By deploying system dynamics lens, it synthesizes scholarly knowledge different disciplines about flexible or adaptive forms expertise. incorporates six categories adaptation processes involve intra‐individual changes social interactions over time, are interconnected means feedback loops without single start‐ endpoint. enables scholars practitioners to identify leverage points where small interventions can have large effect on individual's adaptivity. As such, dynamic provides foster workers’ continued possession valuable organizations’ competitive advantage organizational societal transitions innovations, while safeguarding career sustainability.

Language: Английский

---

‘Trying to patch a broken system’: Exploring institutional work among care professions for interprofessional collaboration

Journal of Professions and Organization, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 47 - 60

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Abstract There is a growing interest in understanding when and why interprofessional collaborations are well functioning, especially within healthcare systems. However, more knowledge needed about how professionals affect contribute to these they engage them. To address this shortcoming, study aims professional organizational studies of collaboration by providing novel insights into collaborations. It builds on theoretical perspective examining professionals’ everyday practices through the interplay between temporal-oriented agency institutional work. applies case personal workers (PWs), nurses, therapists home care sector Denmark. Overall, findings show that engaged contributed ‘trying patch broken system’. All three groups did primarily ‘adopting new deal with inept institutionalized practices’ maintain collaboration. Additionally, some PWs ‘failed enact disrupt collaboration, nurses ‘invented established mechanisms’ create arrangements for Based findings, demonstrates certain dimensions associated types Furthermore, suggests work varies groups, influenced their relative autonomy.

Language: Английский

---

How Instructors Think About Technology in Simulation-Based Training: A Survey of Three Programs for Professional Education

Uniped, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 3 - 17

Published: March 12, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Resistance to platformization: Palantir in the Norwegian police

Information Communication & Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: March 13, 2024

In 2016, the Norwegian police signed a contract with Palantir Technology for provision of surveillance platform Gotham, that enables agencies to integrate data stored in different databases from internal and external sources. The project was be ready operation 2018. February 2020, Police Directorate announced had ended. When they off contract, spent around NOK 100 million nothing. Drawing on documents interviews managers officers involved Gotham project, we explore how platformization represented conflicting institutional logic which collided dominant one threatened established power structures. Platformization, understood as an organizational process, competes professionalism bureaucracy logics control coordinate work. analysis stemming socio-technical material objects, reveals staff experiences symbolic, cognitive aspects are importance domestication processes. struggle market dominance also fueled conflict between new suppliers. totalizing tendencies policing may explain why went so long before it terminated. To certain degree, our findings show becoming major currency, there is calculative this type policing. Platform has user activity its source, non-use stops business.

Language: Английский

---

Accommodating machine learning algorithms in professional service firms

Organization Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(7), P. 1009 - 1037

Published: April 27, 2024

Machine learning algorithms, as one form of artificial intelligence, are significant for professional work because they create the possibility some predictions, interpretations and judgements that inform decision-making to be made by algorithms. However, little is known about whether it possible transform incorporate machine while also addressing negative responses from professionals whose changed inscrutable Through original empirical analysis effects algorithms on accountants lawyers, this paper identifies role accommodating in service firms. Accommodating involves strategic both justify adoption context possibilities new contributions respond algorithms’ limitations opaque nature. The advances understanding processes enable or inhibit cooperative intelligence firms develops insights relevant when examining long-term impacts become ever more sophisticated.

Language: Английский

---

Professionalisation of Australian bushfire planning and design practitioners

Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10.47389/40(40:1), P. 33 - 37

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

This paper describes the professional development pathways for bushfire planning and design practitioners. It summarises key competencies required then shows that growth of professionalism in sector has been based on ongoing education training opportunities, parallel with establishing an independent accreditation agency. Australian states territories have endorsed practitioners as valued personnel who improve management risk urban interface areas between vegetation human settlements.

Language: Английский

---

Physical education teacher training in Sweden − challenges and possibilities for a future re-orientation

Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The rationale for teaching Physical Education (PE) in the Swedish school system has, like other countries, changed over time, from solely including physical cultures sport, gymnastics, outdoor life, and dance, to acquiring a broader role following society’s changing needs. paper’s overall aim is contribute discussion about strategies content future quality PETE PE by using training, PE-practice, international literature as fond. paper gives short historical background of development field. Since mid-1990s name subject Health (PEH), an amendment triggered young peoples’ growing inactivity. then several curricula reforms have continued be implemented find solutions problems often formulated external stakeholders. But PETE-training PEH remained surprisingly unchanged form content. By highlighting critique tensions within field, educative discussed frame didactical questions aspects professional knowledge. ends with example possible re-orientation forward-looking perspective: sustainable development.

Language: Английский

---