Cryptic infection of a giant virus in a unicellular green alga DOI
Maria P. Erazo-Garcia, Uri Sheyn, Zachary K. Barth

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

Latency is a common strategy in wide range of viral lineages, but its prevalence giant viruses remains unknown. Here we describe 617 kbp integrated element the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . We resolve genome using long-read sequencing, identify putative polinton-like integrase, and show that particles accumulate primarily during stationary growth phase. A diverse array viral-encoded selfish genetic elements expressed activity, including several Fanzor nuclease-encoding transposable elements. In addition, field isolates sp. harbor signatures endogenous related to C. virus exhibit similar infection dynamics, suggesting latency prevalent natural host communities. Our work describes an unusually large temperate unicellular eukaryote, substantially expanding scope cryptic infections virosphere.

Language: Английский

A mutualistic bacterium rescues a green alga from an antagonist DOI Creative Commons
David Carrasco Flores, Vivien Hotter, Trang Vuong

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(15)

Published: April 3, 2024

Photosynthetic protists, known as microalgae, are key contributors to primary production on Earth. Since early in evolution, they coexist with bacteria nature, and their mode of interaction shapes ecosystems. We have recently shown that the bacterium Pseudomonas protegens acts algicidal microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It secretes a cyclic lipopeptide polyyne deflagellate, blind, lyse algae [P. Aiyar et al. , Nat. Commun. 8 1756 (2017) V. Hotter Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118 e2107695118 (2021)]. Here, we report about Mycetocola lacteus, which establishes mutualistic relationship C. reinhardtii helper. While M. lacteus enhances algal growth, it receives methionine needed organic sulfur vitamins B 1 3 5 from algae. In tripartite cultures alga antagonistic P. aids surviving bacterial attack. By combining synthetic natural product chemistry high-resolution mass spectrometry an Ca 2+ reporter line, found rescues by cleaving ester bond involved. The resulting linearized seco acid does not trigger cytosolic homeostasis imbalance leads deflagellation. Thus, remain motile, can swim away survive All three involved genera cooccur nature. Remarkably, related species also act antagonistically against or helper cultures.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Protofilament-specific nanopatterns of tubulin post-translational modifications regulate the mechanics of ciliary beating DOI Creative Commons
Gonzalo Alvarez Viar, Nikolai Klena,

Fabrizio Martino

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast envelope protein LCIA transports bicarbonate in planta DOI
Britta Förster, Loraine Rourke, Hiruni N Weerasooriya

et al.

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(12), P. 3651 - 3666

Published: March 29, 2023

Abstract LCIA (low CO2-inducible protein A) is a chloroplast envelope associated with the CO2-concentrating mechanism of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. postulated to be HCO3– channel, but previous studies were unable show that was actively transporting bicarbonate in planta. Therefore, activity investigated more directly two heterologous systems: an Escherichia coli mutant (DCAKO) lacking both native carbonic anhydrases and Arabidopsis (βca5) missing plastid anhydrase βCA5. Neither DCAKO nor βca5 can grow ambient CO2 conditions, as they lack anhydrase-catalyzed production necessary concentration for lipid nucleic acid biosynthesis. Expression restored growth systems which strongly suggests facilitating uptake each system. To our knowledge, this first direct evidence moves across membranes bacteria plants. Furthermore, plant bioassay used study system testing transport planta, experimental breakthrough will valuable future aimed at improving photosynthetic efficiency crop plants using components from algal mechanisms.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Current Nuclear Engineering Strategies in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DOI Creative Commons
Federico Perozeni, Thomas Baier

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1566 - 1566

Published: July 15, 2023

The green model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii recently emerged as a sustainable production chassis for the efficient biosynthesis of recombinant proteins and high-value metabolites. Its capacity scalable, rapid light-driven growth in minimal salt solutions, its simplicity genetic manipulation “Generally Recognized As Safe” (GRAS) status are key features application industrial biotechnology. Although nuclear transformation has typically resulted limited transgene expression levels, recent developments now allow design powerful innovative bioproduction concepts. In this review, we summarize main obstacles to engineering C. describe all essential aspects sequence adaption vector enable sufficient from genome. Several biotechnological examples successful serve blueprints future establishment cell factory.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Mastigoneme structure reveals insights into the O-linked glycosylation code of native hydroxyproline-rich helices DOI Creative Commons
Jin Dai,

Meisheng Ma,

Qingwei Niu

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(8), P. 1907 - 1921.e16

Published: March 28, 2024

Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are a ubiquitous class of protein in the extracellular matrices and cell walls plants algae, yet little is known their native structures or interactions. Here, we used electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structure hydroxyproline-rich mastigoneme, an filament isolated from cilia alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The demonstrates that mastigonemes formed two HRGPs (a MST1 wrapped around single copy MST3) both have hyperglycosylated poly(hydroxyproline) helices. Within helices, O-linked glycosylation hydroxyproline residues O-galactosylation interspersed serine create carbohydrate casing. Analysis associated glycans reveals how pattern repetition determines type extent glycosylation. MST3 possesses PKD2-like transmembrane domain forms heteromeric polycystin-like cation channel with PKD2 SIP, explaining tethered ciliary membranes.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Haematococcus lacustris genome assembly and annotation reveal diploid genetic traits and stress-induced gene expression patterns DOI Creative Commons
Luca Marcolungo, Francesco Bellamoli, Michela Cecchin

et al.

Algal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 103567 - 103567

Published: May 31, 2024

The green alga Haematococcus lacustris (formerly pluvialis) is a primary source of astaxanthin, ketocarotenoid with high antioxidant activity and several industrial applications. Here, the highly repetitive genome was reconstructed by exploiting next-generation sequencing integrated Hi-C scaffolding, obtaining 151 Mb assembly in 32 scaffolds at near-chromosome level continuity. Surprisingly, distribution single-nucleotide-polymorphisms identified demonstrates diploid configuration for genome, further validated Sanger heterozygous regions. Functional annotation RNA-seq data enabled identification 13,946 nuclear genes, >5000 genes not previously this species, providing insights into molecular basis metabolic rearrangement stressing conditions such as light and/or nitrogen starvation, where astaxanthin biosynthesis triggered. These constitute rich genetic resource biotechnological manipulation highlighting potential targets to improve carotenoid productivity.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
A gap-free genome assembly of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and detection of translocations induced by CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis DOI Creative Commons
Zachary L. Payne, Gervette M. Penny, Tychele N. Turner

et al.

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 100493 - 100493

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Genomic assemblies of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have provided important resources for researchers. However, assembly errors, large gaps, and unplaced scaffolds as well strain-specific variants currently impede many types analysis. By combining PacBio HiFi Oxford Nanopore long-read technologies, we generated a de novo genome strain CC-5816, derived from crosses strains CC-125 CC-124. Multiple methods evaluating completeness base-pair error rate suggest that final telomere-to-telomere is highly accurate. The CC-5816 enabled previously difficult analyses include characterization 17 centromeres, rDNA arrays on three chromosomes, 56 insertions organellar DNA into nuclear genome. Using sequencing, identified sites cytosine (CpG) methylation, which are enriched at centromeres. We analyzed CRISPR-Cas9 insertional mutants in PF23 gene. Two alleles produced progeny displayed patterns meiotic inviability suggested presence chromosomal aberration. Mapping reads pf23-2 pf23-3 onto showed these two each carry translocation was initiated gene locus chromosome 11 joined with chromosomes 5 or 3, respectively. translocations were verified by demonstrating linkage between loci translocated progeny. pf23 display expected short-cilia phenotype, immunoblotting lacks protein. Our will undoubtedly provide an tool research community.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Light quality affects chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic performance in Antarctic Chlamydomonas DOI

Mackenzie C. Poirier,

Kassandra Fugard,

Marina Cvetkovska

et al.

Photosynthesis Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 163(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Challenges and advances towards the rational design of microalgal synthetic promoters in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DOI
Alfonsina Milito, Moritz Aschern, Josie L. McQuillan

et al.

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(13), P. 3833 - 3850

Published: April 7, 2023

Microalgae hold enormous potential to provide a safe and sustainable source of high-value compounds, acting as carbon-fixing biofactories that could help mitigate rapidly progressing climate change. Bioengineering microalgal strains will be key optimizing modifying their metabolic outputs, render them competitive with established industrial biotechnology hosts, such bacteria or yeast. To achieve this, precise tuneable control over transgene expression essential, which would require the development rational design synthetic promoters strategy. Among green microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii represents reference species for bioengineering biology; however, repertoire functional this species, microalgae generally, is limited in comparison other commercial chassis, emphasizing need expand current gene toolbox. Here, we discuss state-of-the-art promoter analyses, highlight areas research required advance C. reinhardtii. In particular, exemplify high-throughput studies performed model systems applicable propose novel approaches interrogating algal promoters. We lastly outline major limitations hindering development, while providing suggestions perspectives how overcome them.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Replitrons: A major group of eukaryotic transposons encoding HUH endonuclease DOI Creative Commons
Rory J. Craig

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(25)

Published: June 12, 2023

HUH endonucleases of the Rep (replication protein) class mediate replication highly diverse plasmids and viral genomes across all domains life. transposases have independently evolved from Reps, giving rise to three major transposable element groups: prokaryotic insertion sequences IS 200 /IS 605 91 CR , eukaryotic Helitrons. Here, I present Replitrons, a second group transposons encoding endonuclease. Replitron feature domain with one catalytic Tyr (Y1) an adjacent that may function in oligomerization, contrasting Helitron two (Y2) fused helicase (i.e., RepHel). Protein clustering found no link between described transposases, instead recovered weak association Reps circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses their related (pCRESS). The predicted tertiary structure transposase Replitron-1 founding member is active green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii closely resembles CRESS-DNA other endonucleases. Replitrons are at least supergroups reach high copy numbers nonseed plant genomes. short direct repeats at, or potentially near, termini. Finally, characterize -and- paste de novo insertions using long-read sequencing C. experimental lines. These results support ancient evolutionarily independent origin line groups transposons. This work expands known diversity both eukaryotes.

Language: Английский

Citations

10