Microbial and Plant-Based Compounds as Alternatives for the Control of Phytopathogenic Bacteria

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 1124 - 1124

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Plant pathogens pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food security worldwide. The use of traditional chemical pesticides for plant disease management raises concerns due the emergence pesticide resistance their potential adverse effects on human health environment. As result, there is growing interest in exploring alternative approaches control. This review provides an overview antimicrobial some plant-derived compounds, including essential oils, extracts, wastes major constituents, against pathogenic bacteria. activity attributed diverse composition these compounds ability target multiple cellular processes pathogens’ cells. Furthermore, explores antagonistic bacteria fungi as control tools. These beneficial microorganisms have shown promising results suppressing growth through various mechanisms such competition, antibiosis induced systemic resistance. discusses advantages limitations using management. Moreover, it highlights need further research optimize efficacy, develop sustainable formulations evaluate performance under field conditions.

Language: Английский

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Decoding the Arsenal: Protist Effectors and Their Impact on Photosynthetic Hosts

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(6), P. 498 - 506

Published: March 29, 2024

Interactions between various microbial pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and their plant hosts have traditionally been the focus of phytopathology. In recent years, a significant growing interest in study eukaryotic microorganisms not classified among fungi or oomycetes has emerged. Many these protists establish complex interactions with photosynthetic hosts, understanding is crucial dynamics parasites within traditional emerging types farming, marine aquaculture. phytopathogenic are biotrophs polyphasic life cycles, which makes them difficult impossible to culture, fact reflected wide gap availability comprehensive genomic data when compared fungal oomycete pathogens. Furthermore, our ability use available resources for limited by broad taxonomic distance that organisms span, comparisons other datasets difficult. The current rapid progress genomics computational tools prediction protein functions revolutionizing landscape pathology. This also opening novel possibilities, specifically deeper protist effectors. Tools like AlphaFold2 enable structure-based function effector candidates divergent sequences. turn, this allows us ask better biological questions and, coupled innovative experimental strategies, will lead into new era research, especially protists, expand knowledge on elusive hosts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 Author(s). an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Language: Английский

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Genetic dissection of the tissue‐specific roles of type III effectors and phytotoxins in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae to cherry

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract When compared with other phylogroups (PGs) of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex, P. pv. s yringae (Pss) strains within PG2 have a reduced repertoire type III effectors (T3Es) but produce several phytotoxins. Effectors cherry pathogen Pss 9644 were grouped based on their frequency in from Prunus as conserved effector locus (CEL) common to most pathogens; core PG2; set PRUNUS and FLEXIBLE T3Es. also contains gene clusters for biosynthesis toxins syringomycin, syringopeptin syringolin A. After confirmation virulence expression, mutants sequential series T3E toxin deletions pathogenicity tested wood, leaves fruits sweet ( avium ) ornamental incisa ). The had key role disease development less important wood. An effectorless mutant retained some fruit not wood or leaves. Striking redundancy was observed amongst groups. CEL roles during early stages leaf infection possibly acted synergistically all tissues. Deletion separate groups T3Es more effect than . Mixed inocula used complement mutations trans indicated that strain mixtures may be field. Our results highlight niche‐specific tissues complexity 9644.

Language: Английский

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Beav: a bacterial genome and mobile element annotation pipeline

mSphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(8)

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

ABSTRACT Comprehensive and accurate genome annotation is crucial for inferring the predicted functions of an organism. Numerous tools exist to annotate genes, gene clusters, mobile genetic elements, other diverse features. However, these pipelines can be difficult install run, specialized a particular element or feature, lack annotations larger elements that provide important genomic context. Integrating results across analyses also understanding function. To address challenges, we present Beav pipeline. command-line tool automates bacterial sequences, molecular systems key regulatory features, elements. uses existing in addition custom models, scripts, databases systems, sequence Custom plant-associated microbes are incorporated improve virulence symbiosis genes agriculturally pathogens mutualists. includes optional Agrobacterium -specific pipeline identifies classifies oncogenic plasmids annotates plasmid-specific Following completion all analyses, consolidated produce single comprehensive output. Finally, generates publication-quality plasmid maps. on Bioconda available download at https://github.com/weisberglab/beav . IMPORTANCE Annotation such as presence their function, loci encoding secretion biosynthetic necessary encoded by Genomes host integrative conjugative and/or phages, often not annotated pipelines. These horizontally mobilize virulence, antimicrobial resistance, adaptive alter phenotype We developed software pipeline, called Beav, combines new major Existing misannotate mutualism bacteria. workflows improved designed easy making broadly research community.

Language: Английский

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Ten challenges to understand and manage the insect-transmitted, xylem-limited bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa

Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(5), P. 869 - 884

Published: April 1, 2024

An unprecedented plant health emergency in olives has been registered over the last decade Italy, arguably more severe than what occurred repeatedly grapes United States 140 years. These emergencies are epidemics caused by a stealthy pathogen, xylem-limited, insect-transmitted bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Although these spurred research that answered many questions about biology and management of this gaps knowledge remain. For review, we set out to represent both U.S. European perspectives on most pressing challenges need be addressed. presented 10 sections hope will stimulate discussion interdisciplinary research. We reviewed intrinsic problems arise from fastidious growth X. fastidiosa, lack specificity for insect transmission, economic social importance perennial mature woody hosts. Epidemiological models predictions pathogen establishment disease expansion, vital preparedness, based very limited data. Most current gathered few pathosystems, whereas several hundred remain studied, probably including those become center next epidemic. Unfortunately, aspects particular pathosystem not always transferable others. recommend diversification topics fundamental applied nature addressing multiple pathosystems. Increasing preparedness through acquisition is best strategy anticipate manage diseases described as “the dangerous known worldwide.”

Language: Английский

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Zinc-finger (ZiF) fold secreted effectors form a functionally diverse family across lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. e1012277 - e1012277

Published: June 17, 2024

Filamentous plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells to suppress defence responses and manipulate metabolic processes support colonization. Understanding the evolution molecular function of these effectors provides knowledge about pathogenesis can suggest novel strategies reduce damage caused by pathogens. However, are highly variable, share weak sequence similarity and, although they be grouped according their structure, only a few structurally conserved families have been functionally characterized date. Here, we demonstrate that Zinc-finger fold (ZiF) secreted form diverse family in blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . This relies on motif for protein stability is ubiquitously present lineages infecting 13 different species, forming tribes. Homologs canonical ZiF effector, AVR-Pii, from rice isolates multiple M lineages. Wheat strains also possess an AVR-Pii like allele binds Exo70 activates immune receptor Pii. Furthermore, tribes may vary bind to, indicating functional diversification intricate effector/host interactome. Altogether, uncovered new with common has diversified work expands our understanding diversity effectors, basis ultimately facilitate development sources pathogen resistance.

Language: Английский

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The Past, Present and Future of Plant Activator Targeting Salicylic Acid Signal Pathway

Published: July 17, 2024

Plant activators have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional pesticides for crop disease manage-ment due their unique mode of action. By priming the plant's innate immune system, these compounds can induce systemic acquired resistance against a broad spectrum pathogens without directly inhibiting proliferation. Key advantages plant include prolonged defense activity, lower effective dosages, and negligible risk developing pathogen resistance. Among various defensive pathways tar-geted, salicylic acid (SA) signaling cascade has been extensively explored, leading successful devel-opment commercial like benzothiadiazole widespread application in protection. While action sites many SA-targeting preliminarily mapped different steps along pathway, comprehensive understanding precise mechanisms remains elusive. This review provides historical perspective on activator development outlines diverse screening strategies employed across multiple levels, from whole-plant bioassays molecular transgenic approaches. We expound intricate components, biological relevance, regulatory circuits governing SA while criti-cally examining structural features, bioactivities, proposed modes classical such derivatives, analogs, other small molecules. Insights field trials as-sessing practical applicability are also discussed. Furthermore, we highlight current status, challenges, future prospects realm globally, with focus recent en-deavors China. Collectively, this aims synthesize existing knowledge provide roadmap research toward more potent mechanistically understood activa-tors that fortify immunity disease.

Language: Английский

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From Lesions to Lessons: Two Decades of Filamentous Plant Pathogen Genomics

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Filamentous plant pathogens pose a severe threat to food security. Current estimates suggest up 23% yield losses pre- and post-harvest diseases these are projected increase due climate change (Singh et al. 2023; Chaloner 2021; Stukenbrock Gurr Fisher 2012; Steinberg 2020). Understanding how filamentous emerge, spread adapt their hosts new environmental niches is crucial address devastating impact on global agriculture. Over the past two decades, genomics has emerged as central technology advance our understanding of population dynamics coevolution pathogens. The first genome pathogen, blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, was sequenced 20 years ago. Since then, pathogen not only provided deep genomic makeup populations, but fundamental for gene discovery, disease diagnostics, accelerated molecular biology. In merely we have witnessed several revolutions in field, including reference genomes many pathogens, scale thousands individuals, long-read chromosome conformation sequencing highly continuous assemblies recent intersections structural Here, commemorate 20th anniversary by presenting important technological advances (Fig. 1) lessons learned from decades genomics, with focus cereal diseases.

Language: Английский

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Structure-guided secretome analysis of gall-forming microbes offers insights into effector diversity and evolution

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Phytopathogens secrete effector molecules to manipulate host immunity and metabolism. Recent advances in structural genomics have identified fungal families whose members adopt similar folds despite sequence divergence, highlighting their importance virulence immune evasion. To extend the scope of comparative structure-guided analysis more evolutionarily distant phytopathogens with lifestyles, we used AlphaFold2 predict 3D structures secretome from selected plasmodiophorid, oomycete, gall-forming pathogens. Clustering protein based on homology revealed species-specific expansions a low abundance known orphan families. We novel sequence- unrelated but structurally (SUSS) clusters, rich conserved motifs such as ’CCG’ ’RAYH’. demonstrate that these likely play central role maintaining overall fold. also SUSS cluster adopting nucleoside hydrolase-like fold among various microbes. Notably, ankyrin proteins were significantly expanded plasmodiophorids, most being highly expressed during clubroot disease, suggesting pathogenicity. Altogether, this study our understanding landscapes microbes provides valuable resource for broadening phylogenomic studies across diverse phytopathogens.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptomic analysis of Cryphonectria parasitica during the initial infection stages reveals a glycoside hydrolase that is required for fungal pathogenicity

Phytopathology Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 22, 2025

Abstract Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica , is a notorious disease that severely harms chestnut species, leading to great economic and ecological loss worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of C. crucial for developing effective control strategies. Therefore, screening functional characterization key factors during interaction are essential. Although previous studies have revealed many important virulence in underlying need further study. Here, we examined expression pattern at 0, 1, 2, 3 days post inoculation branches (dpi) using transcriptomic sequencing. A total 2160 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified infection stages compared uninfected 0 dpi. Gene ontology (GO) Kyoto encyclopedia genomes (KEGG) analyses showed significant enrichment upregulated glycoside hydrolase activity carbohydrate metabolism pathways. Clustering analysis 66 significantly with higher fold changes process, most which related degradation host cell wall. Additionally, 48 putative effector induced stages, annotated as hydrolases chitinases well hydrophobic proteins, indicating roles processes. Subsequently, preliminary assayed gene CpEng1 found it was essential fungal virulence. The results presented here provide resource understanding molecular basis between its host.

Language: Английский

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