Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases: at the crossroads of thromboinflammation and autoimmunity DOI Creative Commons
Е. Л. Насонов, Т. V. Beketova, Т. М. Reshetnyak

et al.

Rheumatology Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 58(4), P. 353 - 367

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Inflammation and coagulation are key basic mechanism of protection against all potentially pathogenic mechanical biological factors targeting human organism from inner outer environment. On the other hand, uncontrolled inflammation results in hypercoagulation, inhibition anticoagulation alteration mechanisms responsible for resolution inflammation, while production “procoagulant” mediators (thrombin, tissue factor others), activation platelets vascular endothelial cells maintains inflammation. All taken together serve as basis a pathological process called thromboinflammation or immunothrombosis. Currently is considered broad sense universal pathogenetic numerous widespread acute chronic conditions, including immune-mediated (autoimmune) inflammatory rheumatic diseases, oftentimes complicated by severe irreversible damage to vital organs. Thromboinflammation gained specific attention during СОVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, caused SARS-Cov-2 (severe respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2). COVID-19 currently systemic syndrome, manifesting via generalized thrombosis arterial venous macro- microvasculature, termed COVID-19-coagulopathy. The paper discusses common coagulopathy diseases (IMRDs), associated with overproduction antiphospholipid antibodies, complement system, dis-regulated synthesis proinflammatory cytokines, etc. Delineating autoimmune subtype thromboinflammation, identification genetic (i.e., genes encoding system others) molecular-biologic biomarkers higher occurrence COVID-19-coagulopathy most relevant undertakings current practice. Gaining insights into converting them potential pharmacotherapies IMDs would facilitate accelerate drafting effective therapeutic strategies COVID-19.

Language: Английский

The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Francis K. Yoshimoto

The Protein Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 198 - 216

Published: May 23, 2020

Abstract The devastating effects of the recent global pandemic (termed COVID-19 for “coronavirus disease 2019”) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are paramount with new cases and deaths growing at an exponential rate. In order to provide a better understanding SARS CoV-2, this article will review proteins found in CoV-2 that pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

555
Inoculating Against Fake News About COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Sander van der Linden, Jon Roozenbeek, Josh Compton

et al.

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been accompanied by a large amount misleading and false information about virus, especially on social media. In this article, we explore "infodemic" how behavioral scientists may seek to address problem. We detail scope problem discuss negative influence that COVID-19 misinformation can have widespread adoption health protective behaviors in population. response, insights from sciences be leveraged manage an effective societal response curb spread virus. particular, theory psychological inoculation (or prebunking) as efficient vehicle for conferring large-scale resistance against fake news.

Language: Английский

Citations

506
A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon β-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID-19 DOI
Effat Davoudi-Monfared, Hamid Rahmani, Hossein Khalili

et al.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 64(9)

Published: July 14, 2020

To the best of our knowledge, there is no published study on use interferon β-1a (IFN β-1a) in treatment severe COVID-19. In this randomized clinical trial, efficacy and safety IFN were evaluated patients with Forty-two group received addition to national protocol medications (hydroxychloroquine plus lopinavir-ritonavir or atazanavir-ritonavir). Each 44-μg/ml (12 million IU/ml) dose was subcutaneously injected three times weekly for two consecutive weeks. The control consisted 39 who only medications. primary outcome time reach response. Secondary outcomes duration hospital stay, length intensive care unit 28-day mortality, effect early late administration adverse effects, complications during hospitalization. Between 29 February 3 April 2020, 92 recruited, a total 42 completed study. As outcome, response not significantly different between groups (9.7 ± 5.8 versus 8.3 4.9 days, respectively, P = 0.95). On day 14, 66.7% 43.6% group, discharged (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 6.37). overall mortality lower than (19% 43.6%, 0.015). Early reduced (OR, 13.5; CI, 1.5 118). Although did change response, adding it increased discharge rate 14 decreased mortality. (This Iranian Registry Clinical Trials under identifier IRCT20100228003449N28.).

Language: Английский

Citations

289
Review article: COVID‐19 and liver disease—what we know on 1st May 2020 DOI Open Access
Isabel Garrido, Rodrigo Liberal, Guilherme Macedo

et al.

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 267 - 275

Published: May 14, 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of disease 2019 (COVID-19), became a global threat to human health. Liver impairment has been frequently reported as common manifestation, although its clinical significance is still unclear, particularly in patients with underlying chronic liver (CLD).To summarise changes function tests during SARS-CoV-2 infection and impact COVID-19 CLD.A literature review using online database PubMed was done search terms "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "liver", "cirrhosis" "liver transplantation".COVID-19 associated different degrees abnormal tests, most notably transaminases, which are usually transitory mild degree. Available evidence suggests that injury may result from direct pathogenic effect by virus, systemic inflammation or toxicity commonly used drugs this subset patients. children minimal no increase enzymes, thus presence should trigger evaluation for diseases. Although it seems CLD not at greater risk acquiring infection, those cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty disease, autoimmune diseases transplant have severe COVID-19.Abnormal course common, though clinically significant rare. Further research needed focusing on existing liver-related comorbidities treatment outcome COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

218
Rethinking the role of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID‐19 DOI Creative Commons
Eric A. Meyerowitz, Augustin Vannier,

Morgan G. N. Friesen

et al.

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(5), P. 6027 - 6037

Published: April 29, 2020

There are currently no proven or approved treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data led to the significant uptake of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), lesser extent chloroquine (CQ), many patients with this disease. As an increasing number COVID-19 treated these agents more evidence accumulates, there continues be high-quality clinical showing a clear benefit Moreover, have potential cause harm, including broad range adverse events serious cardiac side effects when combined other agents. In addition, known potent immunomodulatory which support their use treatment auto-immune conditions, provided component original rationale COVID-19, may, fact, undermine utility context respiratory viral infection. Specifically, impact HCQ on cytokine production suppression antigen presentation may immunologic consequences that hamper innate adaptive antiviral immune responses COVID-19. Similarly, reported inhibition proliferation is largely derived from blockade fusion initiates infection rather than direct replication as seen nucleoside/tide analogs infections. Given facts growing uncertainty about it at very least thoughtful planning collection randomized trials needed understand what if any role article, we review datasets detract render informed opinion they should only used caution carefully thought out trials, case-by-case basis after rigorous consideration risks benefits therapeutic approach.

Language: Английский

Citations

178
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): Two Potential Targets for COVID-19 Treatment DOI Creative Commons
Sebastiano Cicco, Gerolamo Cicco, Vito Racanelli

et al.

Mediators of Inflammation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2020, P. 1 - 25

Published: July 16, 2020

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that mostly affects respiratory system. The consequent inflammation not able to clear viruses. persistent excessive inflammatory response can build up clinical picture very difficult manage and potentially fatal. Modulating immune plays key role in fighting disease. One of main defence systems activation neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under stimulus autophagy. Various molecules induce NETosis autophagy; some potent activators are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and, particular, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This molecule released damaged lung cells robust innate immunity response. increase HMGB1 could lead sustained due infection. Therefore, blocking these might be useful treatment should further studied context targeted therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

167
Efficacy of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Zakariya Kashour, Muhammad Riaz, Musa A. Garbati

et al.

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 30 - 42

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

Clinical studies of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID-19 disease reported conflicting results. We sought to systematically evaluate the effect CQ HCQ with or without azithromycin on outcomes patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

125
Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19 DOI Open Access
Chuanfeng Tang, Hong Ding,

Rui‐Qing Jiao

et al.

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 886, P. 173546 - 173546

Published: Sept. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

107
Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: Potential Mechanism of Action Against SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Sairaj Satarker,

Tejas Ahuja,

Madhuparna Banerjee

et al.

Current Pharmacology Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 203 - 211

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

The rapid spread of virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has turned out to be a global emergency. Symptoms this viral infection, disease 2019 (COVID-19), include mild infections the upper tract, pneumonia, failure, multiple organ failure and death. Till date, no drugs have been discovered treat COVID-19 patients, therefore, considerable amount interest shown in repurposing existing drugs.Out these drugs, chloroquine (CQ) hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) demonstrated positive results indicating potential antiviral role against SARS-CoV-2. Its mechanism action (MOA) includes interference endocytic pathway, blockade sialic acid receptors, restriction pH mediated spike (S) protein cleavage at angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) binding site prevention cytokine storm. Unfortunately, its adverse effects like gastrointestinal complications, retinopathy QT interval prolongation are evident treated patients. Yet, clinical trials employed several countries evaluate ability turning into needed drug pandemic.This review attempts summarize MOA CQ/HCQ side effects. literature hints that till may sceptical, further studies warranted for obtaining therapeutic option could effectively used across world rise from pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

105
Hydroxychloroquine: a comprehensive review and its controversial role in coronavirus disease 2019 DOI Creative Commons
Pankaj Bansal, Amandeep Goyal, Austin Cusick

et al.

Annals of Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 117 - 134

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

Hydroxychloroquine, initially used as an antimalarial, is immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent for the management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases such systemic lupus erythematosus. Lately, there has been interest in its potential efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, with several speculated mechanisms. The purpose this review to elaborate on mechanisms surrounding hydroxychloroquine. in-depth analysis immunomodulatory, antiviral hydroxychloroquine, detailed novel pictorial explanations. hydroxychloroquine are related cardiotoxic manifestations demonstrate adverse effects when disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, current literature associated COVID-19 analyzed interrelate mechanisms, effects, use pandemic. Currently, insufficient evidence about safety COVID-19. KEY MESSAGES HCQ, antimalarial agent, managing diseases, which linked inhibiting lysosomal antigen processing, MHC-II presentation, TLR functions. HCQ generally well-tolerated although life-threatening including cardiomyopathy conduction defects have reported. should be discouraged outside clinical trials under strict medical supervision.

Language: Английский

Citations

92