Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 8, 2023
Abstract
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
an
autoimmune
demyelinating
disease
influenced
by
environmental
factors.
Except
during
relapses,
baseline
neurological
status
generally
stable
in
the
early
stage,
whereas
progressive
deterioration
may
occur
silently.
The
form
(secondary
MS;
SPMS)
characterised
both
neuroinflammation
and
neurodegeneration
differs
significantly
from
non-progressive
microbiome
profiles1
2
3.
After
confirming
increased
abundance
of
gut
bacterium
“Tyzzerella
nexilis”
SPMS,
role
T.nexilis
MS
was
studied.
strain-level
analysis
based
on
long-read
metagenomics
identified
a
distinct
cluster
highly
enriched
SPMS.
strains
this
novel
were
incredible
number
mobile
genetic
elements
(MGEs)
absence
defence
systems
against
MGEs.
Mono-colonisation
with
MGEs-enriched
strain
made
germ-free
mice
more
susceptible
to
induction
experimental
encephalomyelitis.
pathogenicity
mediated
TLR5
stimulation
flagella
encoded
Moreover,
thought
have
potentials
causing
neurodegeneration,
because
its
ability
produce
reduced
sulphur
compounds
Such
horizontal
gene
transfer,
functional
diversity
beyond
existing
bacterial
taxonomy,
causal
implications
chronic
disorders
microbiome.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(7), P. 4124 - 4257
Published: March 21, 2024
Hydrogen
sulfide
(H2S)
is
not
only
a
well-established
toxic
gas
but
also
an
important
small
molecule
bioregulator
in
all
kingdoms
of
life.
In
contemporary
biology,
H2S
often
classified
as
"gasotransmitter,"
meaning
that
it
endogenously
produced
membrane
permeable
carries
out
essential
cellular
processes.
Fluorescent
probes
for
and
related
reactive
sulfur
species
(RSS)
detection
provide
cornerstone
investigating
the
multifaceted
roles
these
molecules
complex
biological
systems.
A
now
common
approach
to
develop
such
tools
"activity-based
probes"
couple
specific
H2S-mediated
chemical
reaction
fluorescent
output.
This
Review
covers
different
types
highlights
mechanisms
by
which
each
probe
type
activated
RSS.
Common
examples
include
reduction
oxidized
nitrogen
motifs,
disulfide
exchange,
electrophilic
reactions,
metal
precipitation,
coordination.
addition,
we
outline
complementary
activity-based
imaging
reductant-labile
sulfane
species,
including
persulfides
polysulfides.
For
highlighted
this
Review,
focus
on
systems
with
demonstrated
compatibility
or
applications.
Building
from
breadth
reported
strategies
application,
highlight
key
unmet
challenges
future
opportunities
advancing
GeroScience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46(5), P. 4275 - 4314
Published: April 1, 2024
Down
syndrome
(DS)
is
a
genetic
condition
where
the
person
born
with
an
extra
chromosome
21.
DS
associated
accelerated
aging;
people
are
prone
to
age-related
neurological
conditions
including
early-onset
Alzheimer's
disease.
Using
Dp(17)3Yey/
+
mice,
which
overexpresses
portion
of
mouse
17,
encodes
for
transsulfuration
enzyme
cystathionine
β-synthase
(CBS),
we
investigated
functional
role
CBS/hydrogen
sulfide
(H
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 681 - 681
Published: May 31, 2024
Oxidation–reduction
post-translational
modifications
(redox-PTMs)
are
chemical
alterations
to
amino
acids
of
proteins.
Redox-PTMs
participate
in
the
regulation
protein
conformation,
localization
and
function,
acting
as
signalling
effectors
that
impact
many
essential
biochemical
processes
cells.
Crucially,
dysregulation
redox-PTMs
proteins
has
been
implicated
pathophysiology
numerous
human
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
Alzheimer’s
disease
Parkinson’s
disease.
This
review
aims
highlight
current
gaps
knowledge
field
biology
explore
new
methodological
advances
proteomics
computational
modelling
will
pave
way
for
a
better
understanding
role
therapeutic
potential
diseases.
Here,
we
summarize
main
types
while
providing
examples
their
occurrence
an
overview
state-of-the-art
methods
used
detection.
We
novel
approaches
tools
obtain
insights
into
precise
regulating
structure
function.
also
discuss
complex
crosstalk
between
various
PTMs
occur
living
Finally,
argue
could
be
future
diagnosis
prognosis
biomarkers
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 360 - 360
Published: March 19, 2025
Oxidative
stress
plays
an
essential
role
in
neurodegenerative
pathophysiology,
acting
as
both
a
critical
signaling
mediator
and
driver
of
neuronal
damage.
Hydrogen
sulfide
(H2S),
versatile
gasotransmitter,
exhibits
similarly
“Janus-faced”
nature,
potent
antioxidant
cytoprotective
molecule
at
physiological
concentrations,
but
becoming
detrimental
when
dysregulated.
This
review
explores
the
dual
roles
oxidative
H2S
normal
cellular
physiology
focusing
on
disease
progression.
We
highlight
potential
therapeutic
opportunities
for
targeting
redox
sulfur-based
systems
diseases
by
elucidating
intricate
balance
between
these
opposing
forces.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(7), P. 3131 - 3131
Published: March 28, 2025
Hydrogen
sulfide
(H2S)
has
emerged
as
a
pivotal
gaseous
transmitter
in
the
central
nervous
system,
influencing
synaptic
plasticity,
learning,
and
memory
by
modulating
various
molecular
pathways.
This
review
examines
recent
evidence
regarding
how
H2S
regulates
NMDA
receptor
function
neurotransmitter
release
neuronal
circuits.
By
synthesizing
findings
from
animal
cellular
models,
we
investigate
impacts
of
enzymatic
production
exogenous
on
excitatory
currents,
long-term
potentiation,
intracellular
calcium
signaling.
Data
suggest
that
interacts
directly
with
subunits,
altering
excitability.
Simultaneously,
promotes
neurotransmitters
such
glutamate
GABA,
shaping
dynamics
plasticity.
Furthermore,
reports
indicate
disruptions
metabolism
contribute
to
cognitive
impairments
neurodegenerative
disorders,
underscoring
potential
therapeutic
value
targeting
H2S-mediated
Although
precise
mechanisms
H2S-induced
changes
strength
remain
elusive,
growing
body
positions
significant
regulator
formation
processes.
calls
for
more
rigorous
exploration
into
underpinnings
paving
way
novel
pharmacological
interventions
dysfunction.
