bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 14, 2024
Cholinergic
interneurons
(ChIs)
act
as
master
regulators
of
striatal
output,
finely
tuning
neurotransmission
to
control
motivated
behaviors.
ChIs
are
a
cellular
target
many
peptide
and
hormonal
neuromodulators,
including
corticotropin
releasing
factor,
opioids,
insulin
leptin,
which
can
influence
an
animal's
behavior
by
signaling
stress,
pleasure,
pain
nutritional
status.
However,
little
is
known
about
how
sex
hormones
via
estrogen
receptors
the
function
these
other
neuromodulators.
Here,
we
performed
in
situ
hybridization
on
mouse
tissue
characterize
effect
choline
acetyltransferase
(
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Oct. 27, 2023
Abstract
Striatal
dopamine
encodes
reward,
with
recent
work
showing
that
release
occurs
in
spatiotemporal
waves.
However,
the
mechanism
of
waves
is
unknown.
Here
we
report
acetylcholine
mouse
striatum
also
exhibits
wave
activity,
and
spatial
scale
striatal
extended
by
nicotinic
receptors.
Based
on
these
findings,
our
demonstration
single
cholinergic
interneurons
can
induce
release,
hypothesized
local
reciprocal
interaction
between
axons
suffices
to
drive
endogenous
traveling
We
show
morphological
physiological
properties
interneuron
–
axon
interactions
be
modeled
as
a
reaction-diffusion
system
gives
rise
Analytically-tractable
versions
model
structure
nature
propagation
depend
their
coupling,
give
empirically
observed
correlations
signals.
Thus,
study
provides
evidence
for
vivo,
proposes
testable
theoretical
framework
predicts
are
strongly
coupled
phenomena.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
149, P. 105167 - 105167
Published: April 11, 2023
Noradrenergic
and
cholinergic
systems
are
among
the
most
vulnerable
brain
in
neuropsychiatric
diseases
of
ageing,
including
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
Lewy
body
dementia,
progressive
supranuclear
palsy.
As
these
fail,
they
contribute
directly
to
many
characteristic
cognitive
psychiatric
symptoms.
However,
their
contribution
symptoms
is
not
sufficiently
understood,
pharmacological
interventions
targeting
noradrenergic
have
met
with
mixed
success.
Part
challenge
complex
neurobiology
systems,
operating
across
multiple
timescales,
non-linear
changes
adult
lifespan
disease
course.
We
address
challenges
a
detailed
review
outlining
roles
cognition
behaviour,
how
influence
disease.
By
bridging
levels
analysis,
we
highlight
opportunities
for
improving
drug
therapies
pursuing
personalised
medicine
strategies.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
63(Supplement 1), P. 33S - 44S
Published: June 1, 2022
As
a
neuromodulator,
the
neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
plays
an
important
role
in
cognitive,
mood,
locomotor,
sleep/wake,
and
olfactory
functions.
In
pathophysiology
of
most
neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
as
Alzheimer
disease
(AD)
or
Lewy
body
disorder
(LBD),
cholinergic
receptors,
transporters,
enzymes
are
involved
relevant
imaging
targets.
The
aim
this
review
is
to
summarize
current
knowledge
on
PET
neurotransmission
diseases.
For
presynaptic
vesicular
transporters
(VAChT),
(−)-18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol
(18F-FEOBV)
was
first
ligand
that
could
be
successfully
translated
clinical
application.
Since
then,
number
18F-FEOBV
investigations
patients
with
AD
LBD
has
grown
rapidly
provided
novel,
findings
concerning
LBD.
Regarding
α4β2
nicotinic
receptors
(nAChRs),
various
second-generation
ligands,
18F-nifene,
18F-AZAN,
18F-XTRA,
(−)-18F-flubatine,
(+)-18F-flubatine,
were
developed
human
diseases
LBD,
nAChRs
special
value
for
monitoring
progression
drugs
directed
nAChRs.
α7
nAChR,
18F-ASEM
11C-MeQAA
applied
mild
cognitive
impairment
AD,
respectively.
highest
potential
nAChR
seen
staging,
evaluating
progression,
therapy
monitoring.
selective
muscarinic
(mAChRs)
still
early
stage,
development
subtype-selective
radioligands
complicated.
Promising
image
mAChR
subtypes
M1
(11C-LSN3172176),
M2
(18F-FP-TZTP),
M4
(11C-MK-6884)
humans.
mAChRs
assessment
therapies
esterase
activity
been
investigated
since
1990s.
Many
studies
11C-PMP
11C-MP4A
demonstrated
cortical
dysfunction
dementia
associated
Recent
indicated
solid
relationship
between
subcortical
noncognitive
dysfunctions
balance
gait
Taken
together,
distinct
components
great
interest
diagnosis,
monitoring,
gain
insight
into
different
disorders.
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
193, P. 105433 - 105433
Published: April 26, 2023
The
main
objective
of
this
study
was
to
evaluate
the
effects
and
possible
mechanisms
action
glyphosate
a
glyphosate-based
herbicide
(GBH)
on
dopaminergic
neurotransmission
in
rat
striatum.
Acute
exposure
or
GBH,
administered
by
systemic
(75
150
mg/kg,
i.p.)
intrastriatal
(1,
5,
10
mM
for
1
h)
routes,
produced
significant
concentration-dependent
increases
dopamine
release
measured
vivo
cerebral
microdialysis
coupled
HPLC
with
electrochemical
detection.
Systemic
administration
also
significantly
impaired
motor
control
decreased
striatal
acetylcholinesterase
activity
antioxidant
capacity.
At
least
two
can
be
proposed
explain
glyphosate-induced
extracellular
levels:
increased
exocytotic
from
synaptic
vesicles
inhibition
transporter
(DAT).
Thus,
we
investigated
(5
mM)
animals
pretreated
tetrodotoxin
(TTX)
reserpine.
It
observed
that
TTX
(10
20
μM)
had
no
effect
release,
while
reserpine
mg/kg
i.p)
partially
but
reduced
release.
When
coinfused
nomifensine
(50
μM),
increase
levels
higher
than
alone.
So,
hypotheses
could
additive
effect:
both
act
through
different
at
terminals
levels;
DAT,
simultaneously
inhibiting
reuptake
stimulating
reversing
DAT
function.
Future
research
is
needed
determine
pesticide
environmentally
relevant
doses.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
60(5), P. 4937 - 4953
Published: July 30, 2024
Cholinergic
interneurons
(ChIs)
act
as
master
regulators
of
striatal
output,
finely
tuning
neurotransmission
to
control
motivated
behaviours.
ChIs
are
a
cellular
target
many
peptide
and
hormonal
neuromodulators,
including
corticotropin-releasing
factor,
opioids,
insulin
leptin,
which
can
influence
an
animal's
behaviour
by
signalling
stress,
pleasure,
pain
nutritional
status.
However,
little
is
known
about
how
sex
hormones
via
estrogen
receptors
the
function
these
other
neuromodulators.
Here,
we
performed
in
situ
hybridisation
on
mouse
tissue
characterise
effect
choline
acetyltransferase
(Chat),
receptor
alpha
(Esr1)
factor
type
1
(Crhr1)
expression.
Although
did
not
detect
differences
ChAT
protein
levels
dorsal
striatum
or
nucleus
accumbens,
found
that
female
mice
have
more
Chat
mRNA-expressing
neurons
than
males
both
accumbens.
At
population
level,
observed
sexually
dimorphic
distribution
Esr1-
Crhr1-expressing
ventral
was
negatively
correlated
intact
females,
abolished
ovariectomy
present
males.
Only
NAc
find
significant
co-express
Crhr1
Esr1
females
lesser
extent
transcript
were
only
during
estrus
phase
indicating
changes
hormone
modulate
interaction
between
mRNA
levels.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 111531 - 111531
Published: Oct. 1, 2022
Cholinergic
interneurons
(CINs)
are
essential
elements
of
striatal
circuits
and
functions.
Although
acetylcholine
signaling
via
muscarinic
receptors
(mAChRs)
has
been
well
studied,
more
recent
data
indicate
that
postsynaptic
nicotinic
(nAChRs)
located
on
GABAergic
(GINs)
equally
critical.
One
example
is
CIN
stimulation
induces
large
disynaptic
inhibition
projection
neurons
(SPNs)
mediated
by
nAChR
activation
GINs.
these
ideally
positioned
to
modulate
output,
the
involved
not
definitively
identified
because
an
incomplete
mapping
CINs-GINs
interconnections.
Here,
we
show
CINs
four
GINs
populations
intricate
mechanism
involving
co-activation
presynaptic
mAChRs
nAChRs.
Using
optogenetics,
demonstrate
participation
tyrosine
hydroxylase-expressing
in
SPNs
heterotypic
electrical
coupling
with
neurogliaform
interneurons.
Altogether,
our
results
highlight
importance
regulating
microcircuits
complex
synaptic/heterosynaptic
mechanisms.
