Adaptive Evolution in Cities: Progress and Misconceptions

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 239 - 257

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Insect ecology and conservation in urban areas: An overview of knowledge and needs

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 169 - 181

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Urban expansion across the globe profoundly impacts local biodiversity. The growing body of urban ecology research on animals has largely focused mammals and birds, whereas knowledge insect conservation in areas remains limited. To anchor this Special Issue (SI), we have taken a broad approach to editorial conducted structured literature search set scene. We provide here an overview existing reviews conservation, indicate where articles included SI contribute developing our understanding point priority for further investigation. Key themes (at individual, species, and/or community level) include influence habitat quality, quantity land use type diversity; anthropogenic pollution (for instance, heat, noise, light chemicals); connectivity changes structure density genetic diversity. Insect diversity abundance broadly decline with loss habitat. Beyond this, variation responses different taxa, or regions, methodological limitations individual studies make it challenging identify general patterns. environments should focus applying ecological theory understand patterns; investigating interactions between climate change contexts; identifying novel biodiversity; addressing harmonising approaches; exploring social historical factors must also consider into how best communicate value insects humans.

Language: Английский

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The effects of urban life on animal immunity: Adaptations and constraints

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 895, P. 165085 - 165085

Published: June 26, 2023

Land transformation, including urbanization, is a dominant form of anthropogenic change to the global environment at dawn Anthropocene epoch. More and more species are brought into direct contact with humans, being either required develop broad-scale adaptations urban or filtered out from urbanized areas. While behavioural physiological forefront biology research, there accumulating evidence for divergent pathogen pressure across urbanization gradients, requiring adjustments in host immune function. At same time, immunity may be constrained by unfavourable components an environment, such as poor-quality food resources, disturbance, pollution. Here, I reviewed existing constrains system animals, focusing on recent implementation metabarcoding, genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic approaches research. show that spatial variation non-urban landscapes highly complex context-dependent, but solid pathogen-driven immunostimulation urban-dwelling animals. also genes coding molecules directly involved interactions pathogens prime candidates immunogenetic life. Evidence emerging landscape genomics transcriptomics life have polygenic nature, traits not among key biological functions experiencing microevolutionary changes response urbanization. Finally, provided recommendations future i) better integration different 'omic' obtain complete picture non-model animal taxa, ii) quantification fitness phenotypes genotypes gradient, iii) much broader taxonomic coverage (including invertebrates) necessary draw robust conclusions how general (or taxa-specific) responses animals

Language: Английский

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Adaptation to urban environments

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 100893 - 100893

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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Sublethal exposure to agrochemicals impairs zooplankton ability to face future global change challenges

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 873, P. 162020 - 162020

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Hotter days, stronger immunity? Exploring the impact of rising temperatures on insect gut health and microbial relationships

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 101096 - 101096

Published: July 28, 2023

Climate change can generate cascading effects on animals through compounding stressors. As ectotherms, insects are particularly susceptible to variation in temperature and extreme events. How respond often occur with respect their environment, a pertinent question involves how thermal stress integrates insect capabilities resolve interactions gut microorganisms (microbiome pathogens). We explore the impact of elevated temperatures host physiological response influencing immune system regulation microbiome. summarize literature involving extremes systems, turn that alters potential microbiome pathogens. Temperature-effects immunity is complex, ultimate microbial components vary by system. Moreover, there multiple questions yet contend simultaneous abiotic stressors tradeoffs opportunistic microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Urban evolution comes into its own: Emerging themes and future directions of a burgeoning field

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 3 - 11

Published: Nov. 7, 2020

Urbanization has recently emerged as an exciting new direction for evolutionary research founded on our growing understanding of rapid evolution paired with the expansion novel urban habitats. can influence adaptive and nonadaptive in urban-dwelling species, but generalized patterns predictability responses within populations remain unclear. This editorial introduces special feature "Evolution Urban Environments" addresses four major emerging themes, which include: (a) phenotypic plasticity via physiological to climate, (b) phenotype-environment relationships habitats, (c) population connectivity genetic drift landscapes, (d) human-wildlife interactions spaces. Here, we present 16 articles (12 empirical, 3 review, 1 capstone) this issue how they represent each these themes biology. Finally, discuss address previous questions have now raised ones, highlighting important directions field.

Language: Английский

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Latitude‐specific urbanization effects on life history traits in the damselfly Ischnura elegans

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1503 - 1515

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Many species are currently adapting to cities at different latitudes. Adaptation urbanization may require eco-evolutionary changes in response temperature and invasive that differ between Here, we studied single combined effects of increased temperatures an alien predator on the phenotypic replicated urban rural populations damselfly

Language: Английский

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Lower bioenergetic costs but similar immune responsiveness under a heat wave in urban compared to rural damselflies

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 24 - 35

Published: June 11, 2020

Abstract There is mounting evidence that the widespread phenotypic changes in response to urbanization may reflect adaptations caused by rapid evolutionary processes driven urban‐related stressors. Compared increased habitat fragmentation and pollution, towards another typical stressor, higher longer lasting very high temperatures (heat waves), are much less studied. Notably, sensitivities heat waves of life‐history traits important fitness‐related physiological such as immune responsiveness bioenergetic variables (energy availability, energy consumption their balance) have never been contrasted between urban rural populations. By conducting a laboratory common‐garden experiment, we compared effects simulated wave on life history (survival growth rate), three populations damselfly Coenagrion puella . Because energy‐mediated trade‐off patterns only be detected under energetically costly manipulations, all larvae were immune‐challenged simulating ectoparasitism water mites. As expected, negative nearly variables. The responsiveness, other hand, wave, consistent with pattern function growth, this similarly A key finding was suffered from terms lower wave‐induced depletion availability. This suggests an adaptation better cope stronger more frequent cities. urbanization‐driven evolution not apparent absence wave. Given budgets strong fitness consequences, our findings suggest evolved ability fundamental for survival

Language: Английский

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Moving past the challenges and misconceptions in urban adaptation research

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Abstract Although the field of urban evolutionary ecology has recently expanded, much progress been made in identifying adaptations that arise as a result selective pressures within these unique environments. However, studies environments have rapidly increased, researchers recognized there are challenges and opportunities characterizing adaptation. Some consequence increased direct indirect human influence, which compounds long‐recognized issues with research on adaptive evolution more generally. In this perspective, we discuss several common to adaptation related (1) methodological approaches, (2) trait–environment relationships natural history organisms, (3) agents targets selection, (4) habitat heterogeneity. Ignoring may lead misconceptions further impede our ability draw conclusions regarding ecological processes Our goal is first shed light conceptual conducting help avoid propagation misconceptions. We summarize potential strategies move forward productively construct comprehensive picture adaptation, how also offer applications for research.

Language: Английский

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