Role of Lactobacillus reuteri in Human Health and Diseases

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: April 19, 2018

Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that can colonize large number of mammals. In humans, L. found in different body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, urinary skin, and breast milk. The abundance varies among individuals. Several beneficial effects have been noted. First, produce antimicrobial molecules, such as organic acids, ethanol, reuterin. Due to its activity, able inhibit colonization pathogenic microbes remodel commensal microbiota composition host. Second, benefit host immune system. For instance, some strains reduce production pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting regulatory T cell development function. Third, bearing ability strengthen intestinal barrier, may decrease microbial translocation from gut lumen tissues. Microbial across epithelium has hypothesized an initiator inflammation. Therefore, inflammatory diseases, those located well remote tissues, be ameliorated by increasing reuteri. Notably, humans past decades correlated with increase incidences diseases over same period time. Direct supplementation or prebiotic modulation attractive preventive and/or therapeutic avenue against diseases.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome in autoimmune diseases

Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 195(1), P. 74 - 85

Published: June 19, 2018

The microbiome is represented by microorganisms which live in a symbiotic way with the mammalian. Microorganisms have ability to influence different physiological aspects such as immune system, metabolism and behaviour. In recent years, several studies highlighted role of pathogenesis autoimmune diseases. Notably, systemic lupus erythematosus an alteration intestinal flora (lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) has been described. Conversely, changes gut commensal periodontal disease proposed important factors rheumatoid arthritis. At same time, other diseases (i.e. sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome anti-phospholipid syndrome) also share modifications tract oral flora. Herein, we describe maintenance homeostasis system then alterations that occur Finally, will consider use probiotics faecal transplantation novel therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of the gut microbiome in chronic diseases: a narrative review

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(4), P. 489 - 501

Published: Sept. 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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Graves’ disease

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: July 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1769 - 1769

Published: June 12, 2020

A healthy gut microbiota not only has beneficial effects on the activity of immune system, but also thyroid function. Thyroid and intestinal diseases prevalently coexist—Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) Graves’ disease (GD) are most common autoimmune (AITD) often co-occur with Celiac Disease (CD) Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). This can be explained by damaged barrier following increase permeability, allowing antigens to pass more easily activate system or cross-react extraintestinal tissues, respectively. Dysbiosis been found in AITDs, reported carcinoma, which an increased number carcinogenic inflammatory bacterial strains were observed. Additionally, composition influence availability essential micronutrients for gland. Iodine, iron, copper crucial hormone synthesis, selenium zinc needed converting T4 T3, vitamin D assists regulating response. Those deficient resulting malfunctioning thyroid. Bariatric surgery lead inadequate absorption these nutrients further implicates changes stimulating (TSH) T3 levels. Supplementation probiotics showed hormones function general. literature research was performed examine interplay between disorders that should considered when treating patients suffering from diseases. Multifactorial therapeutic preventive management strategies could established specifically adjusted patients, depending their bacteria composition. Future well-powered human studies warranted evaluate impact alterations

Language: Английский

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Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 22, 2021

The intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed unique barrier functions that prevent the translocation of potentially hostile antigens into body. Disruption increases permeability, resulting in leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Clinical reports suggested LGS contributes autoimmune diseases type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease. Furthermore, microbiota plays a critical role regulating host immunity; abnormalities microbial community, known dysbiosis, are observed patients with diseases. However, pathological links among LGS, not been fully elucidated. This review discusses current understanding how pathogenesis by modifying barrier.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Mystery Surrounding Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 30, 2021

More than one year since its emergence, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still looming large with a paucity of treatment options. To add to this burden, sizeable subset patients who have recovered from acute COVID-19 infection reported lingering symptoms, leading significant disability and impairment their daily life activities. These are considered suffer what has been termed as “chronic” or “long” form post-acute sequelae COVID-19, experiencing syndrome long-haulers. Despite recovery infection, the persistence atypical chronic including extreme fatigue, shortness breath, joint pains, brain fogs, anxiety depression, that could last for months implies an underlying pathology persist beyond presentation disease. As opposed direct effects itself, immune response severe respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) believed be largely responsible appearance these lasting possibly through facilitating ongoing inflammatory process. In review, we hypothesize potential immunological mechanisms persistent prolonged effects, describe multi-organ long-term manifestations COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Gut inflammation and dysbiosis in human motor neuron disease

Physiological Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(18), P. e13443 - e13443

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a systemic disorder that involves dysfunction of multiple organs. Growing evidence has shown neurodegenerative disorders with gut dysbiosis affect the central nervous system via pro-inflammatory mediators thus impacting gut-brain communications. We have demonstrated and increased intestinal permeability in SOD1G93A ALS mouse model. In this study, we comprehensively examined human microbiome stool samples evaluated infection markers inflammation five patients motor neuron disorders. Five studied all had alteration their characterized by low diversity microbiome, compared to healthy cohorts relatively intact abundance. Firmicutes Bacteroidetes are two major members bacteria at phylum level. Low Ruminococcus spp. occurred three Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. A majority signs inflammation. This first comprehensive examination inflammatory patients. Studies health related onset progression may reveal novel therapeutic targets for disease modulation.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome and autoimmunity: a paradigm from the gut–liver axis

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 595 - 609

Published: April 30, 2018

Microbial cells significantly outnumber human in the body, and microbial flora at mucosal sites are shaped by environmental factors and, less intuitively, act on host immune responses, as demonstrated experimental data germ-free gnotobiotic studies. Our understanding of this link stems from established connection between infectious bacteria tolerance breakdown, observed rheumatic fever triggered Streptococci via molecular mimicry, epitope spread bystander effects. The availability high-throughput techniques has advanced our capacity to sequence microbiome variable degrees dysbiosis numerous autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis liver disease. It remains unknown whether differences related disease pathogenesis or follow therapeutic inflammatory changes thus mere epiphenomena. In fact, there only limited mechanisms linking microbiota autoimmunity, therapeutics is being investigated prevent halt diseases. As a putative mechanism, it particular interest that apoptosis intestinal epithelial response stimuli enables presentation self-antigens, giving rise differentiation autoreactive Th17 other T helper cells. This comprehensive review will illustrate demonstrating crosstalk innate adaptive immunity, with an emphasis how may influence systemic autoimmunity. particular, gut–liver axis involving hepatic autoimmunity elucidated paradigm, considering its anatomic physiological connections.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics mixture increases butyrate, and subsequently rescues the nigral dopaminergic neurons from MPTP and rotenone-induced neurotoxicity

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 73 - 86

Published: April 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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