Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 15, 2021
Abstract
Parasites
are
ubiquitous
and
shape
almost
every
aspect
of
their
hosts,
including
physiology,
behaviour,
life
histories,
the
structure
microbiota,
entire
communities.
Hence,
parasitism
is
one
most
potent
forces
in
nature
and,
without
parasites,
world
would
look
very
different.
The
book
gives
an
overview
over
parasite
groups
diversity
defences
that
hosts
have
evolved,
such
as
immune
systems.
Principles
evolutionary
biology
ecology
analyse
major
elements
host–parasite
interactions,
virulence,
infection
processes,
tolerance,
resistance,
specificity,
memory,
polymorphisms,
within-host
dynamics,
diseases
spaces,
many
other
aspects.
Genetics
always
key
these
topics.
Modelling,
furthermore,
can
predict
best
strategies
for
host
parasites.
Similarly,
spread
infectious
disease
epidemiology
combines
with
molecular
data
genomics.
Furthermore,
parasites
evolved
ways
to
overcome
manipulate
hosts.
Hosts
therefore,
continuously
co-evolve,
changes
sometimes
occurring
rapidly,
requiring
geological
times.
Many
humans
emerged
from
a
zoonotic
origin,
processes
governed
by
basic
principles
discussed
different
sections.
this
integrates
fields
study
phenomena.
It
summarizes
essential
topics
parasitology
will
be
useful
broad
audience.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(6), P. 1121 - 1121
Published: June 6, 2022
Skin
aging
is
one
of
the
most
evident
signs
human
aging.
Modification
skin
during
life
span
characterized
by
fine
lines
and
wrinkling,
loss
elasticity
volume,
laxity,
rough-textured
appearance,
pallor.
In
contrast,
photoaged
associated
with
uneven
pigmentation
(age
spot)
markedly
wrinkled.
At
cellular
molecular
level,
it
consists
multiple
interconnected
processes
based
on
biochemical
reactions,
genetic
programs,
occurrence
external
stimulation.
The
principal
perturbation
in
driving
senescence
alteration
oxidative
balance.
chronological
aging,
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
are
produced
mainly
through
metabolism
adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)
generation
from
glucose
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
whereas
extrinsic
redox
equilibrium
caused
environmental
factors,
such
as
ultraviolet
radiation,
pollution,
cigarette
smoking,
inadequate
nutrition.
During
process,
stress
attributed
to
both
augmented
ROS
production
reduced
levels
enzymatic
non-enzymatic
protectors.
Apart
appearance
structural
change,
throughout
gradually
loses
its
natural
functional
characteristics
regenerative
potential.
With
immune
system
also
undergoes
manifested
a
ability
counteract
infections
frequency
autoimmune
neoplastic
diseases.
This
review
proposes
an
update
role
clinical
manifestation
well
mechanisms
that
underline
this
phenomenon
sometimes
accelerated
factors.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(8), P. 3849 - 3849
Published: April 8, 2021
Cellular
senescence
and
aging
result
in
a
reduced
ability
to
manage
persistent
types
of
inflammation.
Thus,
the
chronic
low-level
inflammation
associated
with
phenotype
is
called
"inflammaging".
Inflammaging
not
only
related
age-associated
systemic
diseases
such
as
cardiovascular
disease
diabetes,
but
also
skin
aging.
As
largest
organ
body,
continuously
exposed
external
stressors
UV
radiation,
air
particulate
matter,
human
microbiome.
In
this
review
article,
we
present
mechanisms
for
accumulation
cells
different
compartments
based
on
cell
types,
their
association
resident
immune
describe
changes
cutaneous
immunity
during
process.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(19), P. 10841 - 10841
Published: Oct. 7, 2021
The
skin
barrier
is
broadly
composed
of
two
elements-a
physical
mostly
localised
in
the
epidermis,
and
an
immune
both
dermis
epidermis.
These
systems
interact
cooperatively
to
maintain
homeostasis
overall
human
health.
However,
if
dysregulated,
several
diseases
may
arise.
Psoriasis
one
most
prevalent
associated
with
disrupted
function.
It
characterised
by
formation
psoriatic
lesions,
aberrant
differentiation
proliferation
keratinocytes,
excessive
inflammation.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
discoveries
disease
pathogenesis,
including
contribution
cells,
genetic
environmental
factors,
how
they
advance
current
future
treatments.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(22), P. 12489 - 12489
Published: Nov. 19, 2021
Skin
aging
is
a
complex
process
influenced
by
intrinsic
and
extrinsic
factors.
Together,
these
factors
affect
the
structure
function
of
epidermis
dermis.
Histologically,
skin
typically
shows
epidermal
atrophy
due
to
decreased
cell
numbers.
The
dermis
aged
numbers
mast
cells
fibroblasts.
Fibroblast
senescence
contributes
secreting
senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype,
which
decreases
proliferation
impairing
release
essential
growth
enhancing
degradation
extracellular
matrix
through
activation
metalloproteinases
(MMPs).
Several
molecular
mechanisms
including
telomere
shortening,
oxidative
stress
MMP,
cytokines,
autophagic
control,
microRNAs,
microbiome.
Accumulating
evidence
on
has
provided
clinicians
with
wide
range
therapeutic
targets
for
treating
skin.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(8), P. 1315 - 1315
Published: Aug. 21, 2021
Vitamin
B3
(nicotinic
acid,
niacin)
deficiency
causes
the
systemic
disease
pellagra,
which
leads
to
dermatitis,
diarrhea,
dementia,
and
possibly
death
depending
on
its
severity
duration.
is
used
in
synthesis
of
NAD
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 1538 - 1538
Published: Feb. 3, 2021
The
number
of
clinical
trials
evaluating
adipose-derived
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(AD-MSCs),
platelet-rich
plasma
(PRP),
and
biomaterials
efficacy
in
regenerative
plastic
surgery
has
exponentially
increased
during
the
last
ten
years.
AD-MSCs
are
easily
accessible
from
various
fat
depots
show
intrinsic
plasticity
giving
rise
to
cell
types
involved
wound
healing
angiogenesis.
have
been
used
treatment
soft
tissue
defects
chronic
wounds,
employed
conjunction
with
a
grafting
technique
or
dermal
substitute
scaffolds
plasma.
In
this
systematic
review,
an
overview
current
knowledge
on
topic
provided,
based
existing
studies
authors’
experience.
A
multistep
search
PubMed,
MEDLINE,
Embase,
PreMEDLINE,
Ebase,
CINAHL,
PsycINFO,
Clinicaltrials.gov,
Scopus
database,
Cochrane
databases
performed
identify
papers
AD-MSCs,
PRP,
wounds.
Of
2136
articles
initially
identified,
422
focusing
strategies
were
selected
and,
consequently,
only
278
apparently
related
AD-MSC,
assessed
for
eligibility.
these,
85
excluded
as
pre-clinical,
experimental,
vitro
studies.
For
above-mentioned
reasons,
193
selected;
amount,
121
letters,
expert
opinions,
commentary,
editorials
removed.
remaining
72
articles,
strictly
regarding
use
skin
wounds
defects,
analyzed.
included
had
match
predetermined
criteria
according
patients,
intervention,
comparator,
outcomes,
study
design
(PICOS)
approach.
information
analyzed
highlights
safety
without
major
side
effects.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(12), P. 1852 - 1852
Published: Dec. 12, 2022
The
skin,
acting
as
the
outer
protection
of
human
body,
is
most
vulnerable
to
injury.
Wound
healing
can
often
be
impaired,
leading
chronic,
hard-to-heal
wounds.
For
this
reason,
searching
for
effective
dressings
that
significantly
enhance
wound
process
necessary.
In
regard,
silk
fibroin,
a
protein
derived
from
fibres
has
excellent
properties,
noteworthy.
Silk
fibroin
highly
biocompatible
and
biodegradable.
It
easily
make
various
dressings,
which
loaded
with
additional
substances
improve
healing.
Dressings
based
on
have
anti-inflammatory,
pro-angiogenic
properties
accelerate
skin
healing,
even
compared
commercially
available
dressings.
Animal
studies
confirm
beneficial
influence
in
Clinical
research
focusing
also
promising.
These
remarkable
natural
material
creating
innovative,
simple,
review,
we
summarise
application
biomaterials
full-thickness,
burn,
diabetic
wounds
preclinical
clinical
settings.
