Mechanisms Regulating the Dynamics of Photosynthesis Under Abiotic Stresses

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Photosynthesis sustains plant life on earth and is indispensable for growth development. Factors such as unfavorable environmental conditions, stress regulatory networks, biochemical processes limits the photosynthetic efficiency of plants thereby threaten food security worldwide. Although numerous physiological approaches have been used to assess performance key components their responses, though, these are not extensive enough do favor strategic improvement photosynthesis under abiotic stresses. The decline in capacity due stresses directly associated with reduction yield. Therefore, a detailed information responses better understanding machinery could help developing new crop higher yield even stressed environments. Interestingly, cracking signaling metabolic pathways, identification some elements, characterization potential genes, phytohormone factors advanced our knowledge related photosynthesis. However, dynamic modulation dramatically fluctuating natural environments remains limited. Here, we provide overview research conducted date, highlight (heat, salinity, drought, high light, heavy metal) that limit machinery. Further, reviewed role transcription factor genes various enzymes involved process Finally, discussed recent progress field biodegradable compounds, chitosan humic acid, effect melatonin (bio-stimulant) activity. Based gathered researched data set, logical concept regulation along strategies will expand surely accelerate development tolerance mechanisms, wider adaptability, survival rate, species.

Language: Английский

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Plant hormones and neurotransmitter interactions mediate antioxidant defenses under induced oxidative stress in plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

Due to global climate change, abiotic stresses are affecting plant growth, productivity, and the quality of cultivated crops. Stressful conditions disrupt physiological activities suppress defensive mechanisms, resulting in stress-sensitive plants. Consequently, plants implement various endogenous strategies, including hormone biosynthesis (e.g., abscisic acid, jasmonic salicylic brassinosteroids, indole-3-acetic cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic strigolactones) withstand stress conditions. Combined or single disrupts normal transportation solutes, causes electron leakage, triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, creating oxidative Several enzymatic non-enzymatic defense systems marshal a plant’s antioxidant defenses. While responses protective role system have been well-documented recent investigations, interrelationships among hormones, neurotransmitters (NTs, such as serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid), defenses not well explained. Thus, this review discusses advances transgenic metabolic developments, potential interaction hormones with NTs response tolerance mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges future directions (transgenic breeding genome editing) for improvement using modern molecular tools. The involved regulating systems, networks, abiotic-induced also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic insights on melatonin‐mediated drought stress mitigation in plants

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 172(2), P. 1212 - 1226

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Abstract Drought stress imposes a serious threat to crop productivity and nutritional security. adaptation mechanisms involve complex regulatory network comprising of various sensory signaling molecules. In this context, melatonin has emerged as potential molecule playing crucial role in imparting tolerance plants. Melatonin pretreatment regulates plant physiological processes such osmoregulation, germination, photosynthesis, senescence, primary/secondary metabolism, hormonal cross‐talk under water deficit conditions. Melatonin‐mediated regulation ascorbate‐glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle plays scavenge reactive oxygen species generated the cells during drought. Here, review, current knowledge on ameliorate adverse effects drought by modulating morphological, physiological, redox is discussed. The improve absorption capacity roots regulating aquaporin channels involved mitigation are also Overall, versatile bio‐molecule growth promotion yield enhancement that makes it suitable candidate for eco‐friendly production ensure food

Language: Английский

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Plant Metabolomics: An Overview of the Role of Primary and Secondary Metabolites against Different Environmental Stress Factors

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 706 - 706

Published: March 6, 2023

Several environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors, adversely affect the growth development of crops, thereby lowering their yield. However, e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, ultraviolet radiations (UVr), reactive oxygen species (ROS), trace metals (TM), soil pH, are extremely destructive decrease crop yield worldwide. It is expected that more than 50% production losses due to stresses. Moreover, these factors responsible for physiological biochemical changes in plants. The response different plant such stresses a complex phenomenon with individual features several species. In addition, it has been shown stimulate multi-gene responses by making modifications accumulation primary secondary metabolites. Metabolomics promising way interpret stress tolerance study metabolic profiling revealed types metabolites, amino acids, carbohydrates, phenols, polyamines, terpenes, etc, which accumulated Among all, as lipids glycine betaine, considered major contributing work osmolytes osmoprotectants plants from various factors. contrast, plant-derived phenolics, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing compounds (alkaloids), have no direct role Nevertheless, metabolites could play significant defense protecting herbivores, insects, pathogens. they can enhance resistance against Therefore, metabolomics practices becoming essential influential identifying phytochemicals part acclimation stimuli. Hence, an accurate metabolome analysis important understand basics physiology biochemistry. This review provides insight into current information related impact on variations sets metabolite levels explores how help

Language: Английский

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Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(18), P. 9996 - 9996

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes both animals and plants. In last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced high concentrations by species belonging to plant kingdom stored specialized tissues. review, main information related chemistry melatonin metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, biosynthetic pathway characteristics animal cells have compared, differences between two systems highlighted. Additionally, order investigate distribution indolamine kingdom, cluster analysis performed using database composed 47 previously published articles reporting content different families, Finally, potential pharmacological biostimulant benefits derived from administration exogenous on or plants via intake dietary supplements application formulation discussed.

Language: Английский

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Arsenic acquisition, toxicity and tolerance in plants - From physiology to remediation: A review

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 283, P. 131050 - 131050

Published: June 5, 2021

Language: Английский

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Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants

GM crops & food, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 196 - 217

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Global climate changes cause extreme temperatures and a significant reduction in crop production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (including both heat cold stresses) is one of the most limiting factors plant growth development severely affect physiology, biochemical, molecular processes. Biostimulants like melatonin (MET) have multifunctional role that acts as “defense molecule” safeguard plants against noxious effects temperature stress. MET treatment improves tolerance by improving several defense mechanisms. Current research also suggests interacts with other molecules, phytohormones gaseous which greatly supports adaptation Genetic engineering via overexpression or CRISPR/Cas system biosynthetic genes uplifts levels transgenic enhances stress tolerance. This review highlights critical production We documented how molecules alleviate MET-mediated breeding would be great potential helping adverse creating plants.

Language: Английский

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Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 73(17), P. 5779 - 5800

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Phytomelatonin, a multifunctional molecule that has been found to be present in all plants examined date, an important role as modulatory agent (a biostimulator) improves plant tolerance both biotic and abiotic stress. We review of phytomelatonin considers its roles metabolism particular interactions with hormone network. In the primary plants, melatonin rate efficiency photosynthesis, well related factors such stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, Rubisco activity. It also shown down-regulate some senescence transcription factors. Melatonin up-regulates many enzyme transcripts carbohydrates (including sucrose starch), amino acids, lipid metabolism, optimizing N, P, S uptake. With respect secondary clear increases polyphenol, glucosinolate, terpenoid, alkaloid contents have described numerous melatonin-treated plants. Generally, most genes these biosynthesis pathways up-regulated by melatonin. The great regulatory capacity is result control redox networks. acts master regulator, up-/down-regulating different levels signalling, key player homeostasis. counteract diverse critical situations pathogen infections stresses, provide varying degrees tolerance. propose possible future applications for crop improvement post-harvest product preservation.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 9, 2022

Melatonin is a multi-functional molecule that ubiquitous in all living organisms. performs essential roles plant stress tolerance; its application can reduce the harmful effects of abiotic stresses. Plant melatonin biosynthesis, which usually occurs within chloroplasts, and related metabolic pathways have been extensively characterized. regulates responses by directly inhibiting accumulation reactive oxygen nitrogen species, indirectly affecting response pathways. In this review, we summarize recent research concerning metabolism, antioxidation; focus on melatonin-mediated tolerance to stresses including drought, waterlogging, salt, heat, cold, heavy metal toxicity, light others. We also examine exogenous treatment plants under stress. Finally, discuss future perspectives applications plants.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Insights into the Role of Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulphur Species in Conferring Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 554 - 574

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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