Gut microbes may facilitate insect herbivory of chemically defended plants

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 179(1), P. 1 - 14

Published: May 4, 2015

Language: Английский

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Performance of 16s rDNA Primer Pairs in the Study of Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Microbiomes in Metabarcoding Studies

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: May 13, 2016

Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized the methods for studying microbial ecology by enabling high-resolution community profiling. However, use of these in unraveling plant microbiome remains challenging. Many bacterial 16S rDNA primer pairs also exhibit high affinity non-target DNA such as plastid (mostly chloroplast) and mitochondrial DNA. Therefore, we experimentally tested a series commonly used primers analysis plant-associated communities using 454 pyrosequencing. We evaluated performance all selected study microbiomes present rhizosphere soil, root, stem leaf endosphere field-grown poplar trees (Populus tremula × Populus alba) based on (a) co-amplification DNA, (b) low amplification efficiency pure chloroplast (real-time PCR), (c) retrieval rDNA, (d) operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness Inverse Simpson diversity (e) assignment reads. Results indicate that experimental evaluation provide valuable information could contribute selection suitable metabarcoding studies plant-microbiota research. Furthermore, show pair 799F-1391R outperforms other our elimination OTUs.

Language: Английский

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Ecology and Evolution of Insect–Fungus Mutualisms

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 431 - 455

Published: Oct. 14, 2019

The evolution of a mutualism requires reciprocal interactions whereby one species provides service that the other cannot perform or performs less efficiently. Services exchanged in insect–fungus mutualisms include nutrition, protection, and dispersal. In ectosymbioses, which are focus this review, fungi can be consumed by insects degrade plant polymers defensive compounds, thereby making substrate available to insects. They also protect against environmental factors produce compounds antagonistic microbial competitors. Insects disperse provide fungal growth substrates protection. Insect–fungus transition from facultative obligate, each partner is no longer viable on its own. Obligate dependency has ( a) resulted morphological adaptations fungi, b) driven social behaviors some groups insects, c) led loss sexuality mutualists.

Language: Английский

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Detoxifying symbiosis: microbe-mediated detoxification of phytotoxins and pesticides in insects

Natural Product Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 35(5), P. 434 - 454

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Symbiotic microorganisms degrade natural and artificial toxic compounds, confer toxin resistance on insect hosts.

Language: Английский

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Tritrophic Interactions: Microbe-Mediated Plant Effects on Insect Herbivores

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 313 - 331

Published: June 7, 2017

It is becoming abundantly clear that the microbes associated with plants and insects can profoundly influence plant-insect interactions. Here, we focus on recent findings propose directions for future research involve microbe-induced changes to plant defenses nutritive quality as well consequences of these behavior fitness insect herbivores. Insect (herbivore parasitoid)-associated favor or improve by suppressing detoxifying defensive phytochemicals. Phytopathogens manipulate altering defense. Plant-beneficial promote growth nutritional phytochemical composition positively negatively fitness. Lastly, suggest entomopathogens have potential directly endophytes indirectly physiology.

Language: Английский

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Parallel Histories of Horizontal Gene Transfer Facilitated Extreme Reduction of Endosymbiont Genomes in Sap-Feeding Insects

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 857 - 871

Published: Jan. 6, 2014

Bacteria confined to intracellular environments experience extensive genome reduction. In extreme cases, insect endosymbionts have evolved genomes that are so gene-poor they blur the distinction between bacteria and endosymbiotically derived organelles such as mitochondria plastids. To understand host’s role in this gene loss, we analyzed content expression nuclear of psyllid Pachypsylla venusta, a sap-feeding harbors an ancient endosymbiont (Carsonella) with one most reduced bacterial ever identified. Carsonella retains many genes required for synthesis essential amino acids scarce plant sap, but these biosynthetic pathways been disrupted by loss. Host upregulated cells housing appear compensate losses, resulting highly integrated metabolic mirror those observed other insects. The host contribution is mediated combination native eukaryotic were horizontally transferred from multiple donor lineages early evolution psyllids, including appears directly acquired Carsonella. By comparing recent analysis mealybugs, found remarkably similar set functional shaped independent transfers two hosts. These results show horizontal transfer important recurring mechanism driving coevolution insects their highlight interesting similarities contrasts evolutionary history

Language: Английский

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Plant-insect interactions under bacterial influence: ecological implications and underlying mechanisms

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 66(2), P. 467 - 478

Published: Nov. 10, 2014

Plants and insects have been co-existing for more than 400 million years, leading to intimate complex relationships. Throughout their own evolutionary history, plants also established intricate very diverse relationships with microbial associates. Studies in recent years revealed plant- or insect-associated microbes be instrumental plant–insect interactions, important implications plant defences utilization by insects. Microbial communities associated are rich diversity, structure greatly differs between below- above-ground levels. insect herbivores generally present a lower diversity can reside different body parts of hosts including bacteriocytes, haemolymph, gut, salivary glands. Acquisition vertical horizontal transmission possible genetic exchanges through lateral transfer could strongly impact on the host fitness conferring adaptations new habitats. Recent developments sequencing technologies molecular tools dramatically enhanced opportunities characterize unveiled some mechanisms which symbionts modulate interactions. Here, we focus ecological consequences bacterial herbivorous We highlight known these interfere Revealing such model systems under controlled environments but natural settings will help us understand evolution multitrophic interactions plants, insects, micro-organisms inserted.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota of insecticide-resistant insects houses insecticide-degrading bacteria: A potential source for biotechnological exploitation

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. e0174754 - e0174754

Published: March 30, 2017

The exploration of new niches for microorganisms capable degrading recalcitrant molecules is still required. We hypothesized the gut microbiota associated with insect-resistant lines carry pesticide bacteria, and predicted they bacteria selected to degrade pesticides were resistant to. isolated accessed pesticide-degrading capacity from fifth instars Spodoptera frugiperda strains lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, spinosad lufenuron, using insecticide-selective media. Sixteen isolates belonging 10 phylotypes obtained, which four also susceptible strain. However, growth larvae strain was not obtained in any insecticide-based selective media tested. Growth affected by concentration insecticides media, all grew well up 40 μg/ml. insecticide-degrading assessed GC or LC-MS/MS analyses. In conclusion, S. are an excellent reservoir bioremediation potential. Moreover, gut-associated subjected selection pressure imposed on their hosts may influence metabolization insects.

Language: Английский

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Drastic Genome Reduction in an Herbivore’s Pectinolytic Symbiont

Cell, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 171(7), P. 1520 - 1531.e13

Published: Nov. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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Why sequence all eukaryotes?

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(4)

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Life on Earth has evolved from initial simplicity to the astounding complexity we experience today. Bacteria and archaea have largely excelled in metabolic diversification, but eukaryotes additionally display abundant morphological innovation. How these innovations come about what constraints are there origins of novelty continuing maintenance biodiversity Earth? The history life code for working parts cells systems written genome. BioGenome Project proposed that genomes all extant, named eukaryotes—about 2 million species—should be sequenced high quality produce a digital library Earth, beginning with strategic phylogenetic, ecological, high-impact priorities. Here discuss why should sequence eukaryotic species, not just representative few scattered across many branches tree life. We suggest questions evolutionary ecological significance will only addressable when whole-genome data representing divergences at branchings or species natural ecosystems available. envisage genomic foster understanding ongoing processes speciation, adaptation, organismal dependencies within entire ecosystems. These explorations resolve long-standing problems phylogenetics, evolution, ecology, conservation, agriculture, bioindustry, medicine.

Language: Английский

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