The fungal collaboration gradient dominates the root economics space in plants

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(27)

Published: July 1, 2020

Collaboration broadens the “root economics space” ranging from “do-it-yourself” to “outsourcing” mycorrhizal partners.

Language: Английский

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A plant perspective on nitrogen cycling in the rhizosphere

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 540 - 552

Published: Feb. 9, 2019

Abstract Nitrogen is the major nutrient limiting plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems, and transformation of inert nitrogen to forms that can be assimilated by plants mediated soil micro‐organisms. The last decade has witnessed many significant advances our understanding plant–microbe interactions with evidence have evolved multiple strategies cope limitation shaping recruiting nitrogen‐cycling microbial communities. However, most studies typically focused on impact only one, or relatively few, processes within cycle. This review synthesizes recent various routes which influence availability via an array different guilds We also propose a trait‐based framework for linking acquisition activities guilds. In doing so, we provide more comprehensive picture ecological relationships between micro‐organisms ecosystems. Finally, identify previously overlooked cycle could targeted future research interest health improving acquisition, while minimizing inputs losses sustainable agricultural systems. A plain language summary available this article.

Language: Английский

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A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(3), P. 973 - 1122

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact environment, ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep generating cutting‐edge, meaningful integrated knowledge. Consideration below‐ground components ecosystem studies has been consistently called for decades, but methodology is disparate sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based collective effort large team experts, will improve trait comparisons across integration information databases by providing standardised methods controlled vocabularies. It meant be used not only as starting point students scientists who desire working ecosystems, also experts consolidating broadening views multiple aspects ecology. Beyond classical compilation measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from literature provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining entities giving keys dissection, classification naming beyond fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach; (2) considering specificity produce sound laboratory field data; (3) describing typical, overlooked steps studying roots (e.g. handling, cleaning storage); (4) gathering metadata necessary interpretation results reuse. Most importantly, all traits introduced with some degree ecological that foundation understanding meaning, typical use uncertainties, methodological conceptual perspectives future research. Considering this, urge readers solely extract protocol measurements this work, take moment read reflect extensive contained broader guide ecology, including sections I–VII introductions each section description. Finally, it critical understand major aim help break down barriers between subdisciplines ecology ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ study create favourable conditions inception comprehensive experiments role functioning.

Language: Английский

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A global Fine‐Root Ecology Database to address below‐ground challenges in plant ecology

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 215(1), P. 15 - 26

Published: Feb. 28, 2017

Variation and tradeoffs within among plant traits are increasingly being harnessed by empiricists modelers to understand predict ecosystem processes under changing environmental conditions. While fine roots play an important role in functioning, fine-root underrepresented global trait databases. This has hindered efforts analyze variation link it with function conditions at a scale. Viewpoint addresses the need for centralized database, introduces Fine-Root Ecology Database (FRED, http://roots.ornl.gov) which so far includes > 70 000 observations encompassing broad range of root also associated data. FRED represents critical step toward improving our understanding below-ground ecology. For example, facilitates quantification across orders, species, biomes, gradients while providing platform assessments covariation root, leaf, wood traits, representation terrestrial biosphere models. Continued input into fill gaps coverage will improve changes space time.

Language: Английский

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Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire‐prone ecosystems

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 217(4), P. 1435 - 1448

Published: Jan. 15, 2018

Summary Despite long‐time awareness of the importance location buds in plant biology, research on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to bud‐bearing structures, are used inconsistently literature. Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from heat fire, concealing below ground provides fitness benefits fire‐prone ecosystems. Thus, these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity structures. There at least six locations where stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy swellings caudexes. These support many morphologically distinct organs. Given their history function, organs may be divided into three groups: those that originated early plants currently widespread (bud‐bearing roots crowns); also have spread mainly among ferns monocots (nonwoody rhizomes wide range underground swellings); later strictly tied ecosystems (woody lignotubers xylopodia). Recognizing starting point for understanding evolutionary pathways available responding severe recurrent disturbances.

Language: Английский

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The root of the matter: Linking root traits and soil organic matter stabilization processes

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 120, P. 246 - 259

Published: March 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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Predicting the structure of soil communities from plant community taxonomy, phylogeny, and traits

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1794 - 1805

Published: March 5, 2018

Language: Английский

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A worldview of root traits: the influence of ancestry, growth form, climate and mycorrhizal association on the functional trait variation of fine‐root tissues in seed plants

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 215(4), P. 1562 - 1573

Published: April 25, 2017

Fine-root traits play key roles in ecosystem processes, but the drivers of fine-root trait diversity remain poorly understood. The plant economic spectrum (PES) hypothesis predicts that leaf and root evolved coordination. Mycorrhizal association type, growth form climate may also affect traits. However, extent to which these controls are confounded with phylogenetic structuring remains unclear. Here we compiled information about for > 600 species. Using relatedness, climatic ranges, mycorrhizal associations, quantified importance factors global distribution Phylogenetic accounts most variation all excepting tissue density, diameter nitrogen concentration showing strongest signal specific length intermediate values. Climate was second important factor, whereas type had little effect. Substantial coordination occurred between leaves roots, strength varied forms clades. Our analyses provide evidence integration roots PES requires better accounting across Inclusion provides a powerful framework predictions belowground functional at scales.

Language: Английский

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Root exudation as a major competitive fine‐root functional trait of 18 coexisting species in a subtropical forest

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(1), P. 259 - 271

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

Summary Root exudation stimulates microbial decomposition and enhances nutrient availability to plants. It remains difficult measure predict this carbon flux in natural conditions, especially for mature woody Based on a known conceptual framework of root functional traits coordination, we proposed that may exudation. We measured other seven morphological/chemical/physiological 18 coexisting species deciduous‐evergreen mixed forest subtropical China. exudation, respiration, diameter nitrogen (N) concentration all exhibited significant phylogenetic signals. found positively correlated with competitive (root N concentration) negatively conservative trait tissue density). Furthermore, these relationships were independent A principal component analysis showed morphological loaded two perpendicular axes. is multidimensional fine‐root coordination. The metabolic dimension which was relatively the dimension, indicating increasing by might be complementary strategy plant acquisition. positive relationship between respiration promising approach future prediction

Language: Английский

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The carboxylate‐releasing phosphorus‐mobilizing strategy can be proxied by foliar manganese concentration in a large set of chickpea germplasm under low phosphorus supply

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 219(2), P. 518 - 529

Published: May 14, 2018

Summary Root foraging and root physiology such as exudation of carboxylates into the rhizosphere are important strategies for plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. We used 100 chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds to study relative roles morphology in P Plants were grown pots a low‐P sterilized river sand supplied 10 μg g −1 soil Fe PO 4 , poorly soluble form P. There was large genotypic variation (total length, surface area, mean diameter, specific length hair length), (rhizosheath pH acid phosphatase activity). Shoot content correlated total area per plant, particularly malonate. A positive correlation found between mature leaf manganese (Mn) concentration carboxylate amount rhizosheath DW. This is first demonstrate that Mn can be an easily measurable proxy assessment belowground carboxylate‐releasing processes range under low‐P, therefore offers breeding trait, potential application other crops.

Language: Английский

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