Evolutionary history resolves global organization of root functional traits

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 555(7694), P. 94 - 97

Published: Feb. 21, 2018

Language: Английский

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The fungal collaboration gradient dominates the root economics space in plants

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(27)

Published: July 1, 2020

Collaboration broadens the “root economics space” ranging from “do-it-yourself” to “outsourcing” mycorrhizal partners.

Language: Английский

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A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(3), P. 973 - 1122

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact environment, ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep generating cutting‐edge, meaningful integrated knowledge. Consideration below‐ground components ecosystem studies has been consistently called for decades, but methodology is disparate sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based collective effort large team experts, will improve trait comparisons across integration information databases by providing standardised methods controlled vocabularies. It meant be used not only as starting point students scientists who desire working ecosystems, also experts consolidating broadening views multiple aspects ecology. Beyond classical compilation measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from literature provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining entities giving keys dissection, classification naming beyond fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach; (2) considering specificity produce sound laboratory field data; (3) describing typical, overlooked steps studying roots (e.g. handling, cleaning storage); (4) gathering metadata necessary interpretation results reuse. Most importantly, all traits introduced with some degree ecological that foundation understanding meaning, typical use uncertainties, methodological conceptual perspectives future research. Considering this, urge readers solely extract protocol measurements this work, take moment read reflect extensive contained broader guide ecology, including sections I–VII introductions each section description. Finally, it critical understand major aim help break down barriers between subdisciplines ecology ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ study create favourable conditions inception comprehensive experiments role functioning.

Language: Английский

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Tradeoffs among root morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses for phosphorus‐acquisition strategies of 16 crop species

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 223(2), P. 882 - 895

Published: April 1, 2019

Summary Plant roots exhibit diverse root functional traits to enable soil phosphorus (P) acquisition, including changes in morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet, whether these are differently coordinated among crop species enhance P acquisition is unclear. Here, eight for were characterized 16 major herbaceous grown a glasshouse under limiting adequate availability. We found substantial interspecific variation species. Those with thinner showed more branching less first‐order length, had consistently lower colonization by arbuscular fungi (AMF), fewer rhizosheath carboxylates reduced acid phosphatase activity. In response P, stronger branching, length specific of the whole system, Conversely, thicker exhibited higher AMF and/or P‐mobilizing exudates rhizosheath. conclude that, at level, tradeoffs occur three groups we examined. Root diameter good predictor relative expression how they change when limiting.

Language: Английский

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An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(1), P. 42 - 59

Published: July 2, 2021

Summary Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework form function. We developed tested an overarching conceptual that integrates two recently identified gradients with a well‐established framework. confronted novel published relationships between above‐ belowground analogues multivariate analyses 2510 species. Our represent leaf conservation (specific area, nitrogen concentration, tissue density), collaboration gradient (root diameter specific length) size (plant height rooting depth). found integrated, whole‐plant space required as much four axes. The main axes represented fast–slow ‘conservation’ which fine‐root were well aligned, ‘collaboration’ in roots. additional separate, orthogonal for depth. This perspective multidimensional nature better encompasses function influence surrounding environment.

Language: Английский

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Global imprint of mycorrhizal fungi on whole-plant nutrient economics

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(46), P. 23163 - 23168

Published: Oct. 28, 2019

Mycorrhizal fungi are critical members of the plant microbiome, forming a symbiosis with roots most plants on Earth. Most species partner either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi, and these symbioses thought to represent adaptations fast slow soil nutrient cycling rates. This generates second hypothesis, that traits complement reinforce fungal strategies, resulting in acquisitive vs. conservative trait profiles. Here we analyzed 17,764 level observations from 2,940 woody show mycorrhizal differ systematically nitrogen phosphorus economic traits. Differences were clearest temperate latitudes, where more use- use-conservative than species. difference is reflected both aboveground belowground robust controlling for evolutionary history, fixation ability, deciduousness, latitude, climate niche. Furthermore, effects large frequently similar greater magnitude influence ability deciduous evergreen leaf habit. Ectomycorrhizal also boreal tropical ecosystems, although differences use less apparent outside latitudes. Our findings bolster current theories ecosystems rooted ecology support hypothesis association linked evolution strategies.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting dynamics and trait controls in first-order root compared with leaf litter decomposition

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(41), P. 10392 - 10397

Published: Sept. 25, 2018

Significance Decomposition of plant roots and associated fungal mutualists is a dominant process in ecosystem carbon cycles, yet woefully understudied compared with decomposition leaf litter, particularly for the finest order that have highest turnover. In field experiment, we finest, most distal litter among 35 cooccurring temperate forest species over 6 years. We found rates root tips were considerably lower than those controlled by nonlignin compounds contrast to lignin:nitrogen ratio control decomposition. Our study suggests models terrestrial cycling based on aboveground patterns are inadequate describe roots.

Language: Английский

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Nonlinearity of root trait relationships and the root economics spectrum

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 17, 2019

The root economics spectrum (RES), a common hypothesis postulating tradeoff between resource acquisition and conservation traits, is being challenged by conflicting relationships diameter, tissue density (RTD) nitrogen concentration (RN). Here, we analyze global trait dataset of absorptive roots for over 800 plant species. For woody species (but not non-woody species), find nonlinear diameter RTD RN, which stem from the allometric relationship stele cortical tissues. These explain how sampling bias different ends curves can result in relationships. Further, shape varies depending on evolutionary context mycorrhizal affiliation. Importantly, observed do support RES predictions. Allometry-based nonlinearity improves our understanding ecology, physiology evolution roots.

Language: Английский

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Root exudation as a major competitive fine‐root functional trait of 18 coexisting species in a subtropical forest

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(1), P. 259 - 271

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

Summary Root exudation stimulates microbial decomposition and enhances nutrient availability to plants. It remains difficult measure predict this carbon flux in natural conditions, especially for mature woody Based on a known conceptual framework of root functional traits coordination, we proposed that may exudation. We measured other seven morphological/chemical/physiological 18 coexisting species deciduous‐evergreen mixed forest subtropical China. exudation, respiration, diameter nitrogen (N) concentration all exhibited significant phylogenetic signals. found positively correlated with competitive (root N concentration) negatively conservative trait tissue density). Furthermore, these relationships were independent A principal component analysis showed morphological loaded two perpendicular axes. is multidimensional fine‐root coordination. The metabolic dimension which was relatively the dimension, indicating increasing by might be complementary strategy plant acquisition. positive relationship between respiration promising approach future prediction

Language: Английский

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Global root traits (GRooT) database

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 25 - 37

Published: Sept. 9, 2020

Abstract Motivation Trait data are fundamental to the quantitative description of plant form and function. Although root traits capture key dimensions related responses changing environmental conditions effects on ecosystem processes, they have rarely been included in large‐scale comparative studies global models. For instance, remain absent from nearly all that define spectrum Thus, overcome conceptual methodological roadblocks preventing a widespread integration trait into analyses we created Global Root (GRooT) Database. GRooT provides ready‐to‐use by combining expertise ecologists with mobilization curation. Specifically, (a) determined set core relevant function based an assessment experts, (b) maximized species coverage through standardization within among traits, (c) implemented quality checks. Main types variables contained contains 114,222 records 38 continuous traits. Spatial location grain arid, continental, polar, temperate tropical biomes. Data were derived experimental field studies. Time period recorded between 1911 2019. Major taxa level measurement includes for which taxonomic information is available. vary their resolution, subspecies or varieties being highest genera lowest resolution It 184 varieties, 6,214 species, 1,967 254 families. Owing variation sources, database include both individual observations mean values. Software format two csv files. A GitHub repository files script R query database.

Language: Английский

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