Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 67 - 108

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these include the need better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; environmental signals interface endogenous signaling development (e.g. circadian clock flowering time); this integrated controls downstream responses stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently a site key transport events mechanosensing lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation extremes CO2 affects hydraulic architecture transpiration, well root shoot morphology, ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution crop resilience face changing increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration diversity within among species can help us know which represent fundamental limits ones be circumvented bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial resistance different contexts making connections between genes phenotypes, laboratory field observations, are overarching challenges.

Language: Английский

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How woody plants adjust above‐ and below‐ground traits in response to sustained drought

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(4), P. 1173 - 1189

Published: June 12, 2023

Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what adjustment whether plants can adjust sustained drought. This review focuses woody synthesises the evidence for a selection of key above-ground below-ground traits. We assess evaluating single traits, or selections traits that operate same functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) sufficient, multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, required. conclude studies adjustments might overestimate capacity drier environments if spatial along gradients used, without complementary experimental approaches. provide common traits; however, this adaptive sufficient respond future droughts remains uncertain most species. To address uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within axes below-ground) gain holistic view at whole-plant scale how these influence

Language: Английский

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Role of Root Hydraulics in Plant Drought Tolerance

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 6228 - 6243

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Reassessing the schedule of the sugar season in maple under climate warming

Frontiers in Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Daily temperature fluctuations trigger physical and metabolic processes in the xylem, affecting timing yield of maple sap production. This study evaluates production dynamics, examining effects mean monthly temperatures freeze-thaw cycles before during sugar season. We developed a predictive model estimating phenology, i.e. timings season their climatic drivers, under future warming scenarios Quebec, Canada. collected air daily at four sites 2022 2023 using rain gauges for simulating gravity collection sap. estimated phenology neural network based on average temperatures. The length was consistent across within sites, with highly productive days showing similar occurrence sites. Sap yields ranged from 9.28 to 23.8 liters 3.8 13.6 2023. Freeze-thaw events occurred 64% when exuded. Our predicted that 2°C increase would advance start by 17 end 13 days. Any mismatch between tapping favorable weather conditions can significantly reduce With climate change, producers will be forced progressively readjust schedule field activities match shifting

Language: Английский

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Secondary cell wall patterning—connecting the dots, pits and helices

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(5)

Published: May 1, 2022

All plant cells are encased in primary cell walls that determine morphology, but also protect the against environment. Certain produce a secondary wall supports mechanically demanding processes, such as maintaining body stature and water transport inside plants. Both these primarily composed of polysaccharides arranged certain patterns to support functions. A key requisite for patterned is arrangement cortical microtubules may direct delivery polymers and/or producing enzymes plasma membrane locations. Microtubules steer synthesis cellulose-the load-bearing structure walls-at membrane. The organization behaviour microtubule array thus fundamental importance patterns. These aspects controlled by coordinated effort small GTPases probably coordinate Turing's reaction-diffusion mechanism drive Here, we give an overview on how form water-transporting xylem vessels We discuss systems have been used dissect mechanisms underpin patterns, emphasizing VND6 VND7 inducible systems, outline challenges lay ahead this field.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating a novel microtensiometer for continuous trunk water potential measurements in field-grown irrigated grapevines

Irrigation Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 45 - 54

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Stem and leaf xylem of angiosperm trees experiences minimal embolism in temperate forests during two consecutive summers with moderate drought

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1208 - 1223

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Drought events may increase the likelihood that plant water transport system becomes interrupted by embolism. Yet our knowledge about temporal frequency of xylem embolism in field is frequently lacking, as it requires detailed, long-term measurements. We measured resistance and midday potentials during consecutive summers 2019 2020 to estimate maximum levels leaf stem ten temperate angiosperm tree species. also studied vessel pit membrane characteristics based on light electron microscopy corroborate potential differences between leaves stems. Apart from A. pseudoplatanus Q. petraea, eight species experienced minimum were close or below those required initiate Water corresponding ca. 12% loss hydraulic conductivity (PLC) could occur six species, while considerable around 50% PLC limited B. pendula C. avellana. There was a general agreement stems leaves, with being equally more resistant than Also, significantly correlated intervessel thickness (TPM ) for stems, but not diameter total surface area vessel. Our data indicate low amounts most moderate summer drought, are uncommon. Moreover, experimental TPM show generally no vulnerable xylem.

Language: Английский

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Pathogen Adaptation to the Xylem Environment

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 163 - 186

Published: April 26, 2022

A group of aggressive pathogens have evolved to colonize the plant xylem. In this vascular tissue, where water and nutrients are transported from roots rest plant, must be able thrive under acropetal xylem sap flow scarcity while having direct contact only with predominantly dead cells. Nevertheless, a few bacteria adapted exclusively live in xylem, various may other niches without causing symptoms unless they reach Once established, modulate its physicochemical conditions enhance their growth virulence. Adaptation restrictive lifestyle leads genome reduction xylem-restricted bacteria, as higher proportion pseudogenes genome. The basis adaptation is not completely understood; therefore, need still exists for model systems advance knowledge on topic.

Language: Английский

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Long-distance transport in the xylem and phloem

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 73 - 104

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Gold perfusion experiments support the multi‐layered, mesoporous nature of intervessel pit membranes in angiosperm xylem

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(2), P. 493 - 506

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

Fluid transport across intervessel pit membranes of angiosperm xylem plays a major role in plant transpiration, with resistance largely depending on pore constriction sizes. Traditionally, fluid particles traversing are assumed to cross single instead multiple constrictions. We tested multi-layered membrane model eight species by estimating the size frequency constrictions relation thickness and compared modelled data perfusion characteristics nanoscale gold based transmission electron microscopy. The showed similar patterns measured number perfused particle sizes inside membranes, although values were 10-50 times below data. Small enter most easily, especially when injected thin membranes. trapping becomes more likely increasing thickness. While quantitative differences between experimental due various practical limitations, their qualitative agreement supports Pore 5 50 nm realistic, confirm mesoporous nature

Language: Английский

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