Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abnormal behavior of α-synuclein and prion proteins is the hallmark Parkinson’s disease (PD) illnesses, respectively, being complex neurological disorders. A primary cause protein aggregation, brain injury, cognitive loss in illnesses misfolding normal cellular (PrP C ) into an infectious form Sc ). Aggregation causes disruptions processes (PD), leading to dopamine-producing neurons motor symptoms. Alteration composition or activity gut microbes may weaken intestinal barrier make it possible for prions go from brain. The gut-brain axis linked neuroinflammation; metabolites produced by microbiota affect aggregation α-synuclein, regulate inflammation immunological responses, influence course neurotoxicity proteins, even if their targets are distinct proteins. This thorough analysis explores interactions that exist between neurodegenerative particularly involvement microbiota, a collection bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses etc., various becoming increasingly recognized. microbiome influences neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial function, integrity through axis, which contributes development progression disease. review delves molecular mechanisms underlie these relationships, emphasizing effects microbial such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulating functioning. Additionally, looks at how environmental dietary decisions whether they could be risk factors illnesses. study concludes highlighting critical role plays It also provides promising direction future research treatment approaches. People afflicted difficult ailments find hope new preventive therapeutic approaches diseases better understood.

Language: Английский

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Dangers of the chronic stress response in the context of the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis and mental health: a narrative review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 2, 2024

More than 20% of American adults live with a mental disorder, many whom are treatment resistant or continue to experience symptoms. Other approaches needed improve health care, including prevention. The role the microbiome has emerged as central tenet in and physical their interconnectedness (well-being). Under normal conditions, healthy promotes homeostasis within host by maintaining intestinal brain barrier integrity, thereby facilitating well-being. Owing multidirectional crosstalk between neuro-endocrine-immune systems, dysbiosis is main driver immune-mediated systemic neural inflammation that can promote disease progression detrimental well-being broadly particular. In predisposed individuals, immune dysregulation shift autoimmunity, especially presence psychological triggers. chronic stress response involves system, which intimately involved gut microbiome, particularly process education. This interconnection forms microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis disorders. this brief review, we aim highlight relationships stress, health, along ways dysregulated system an autoimmune concomitant neuropsychological consequences context axis. Finally, review evidenced-based prevention strategies potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 16, 2024

Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models human studies. Findings support dynamic relationships between gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within (host) and its intersection with host immune nervous systems. Adding this effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates strengthens response. At heart inflammation, which manifests in a variety pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, research date limited has focused bacteria, likely due simplicity cost-effectiveness 16s rRNA sequencing, despite lower resolution inability determine functional ability/alterations. However, omits all other fungi, viruses, phages, are emerging key members microbiome. Much been done pre-clinical and/or small studies more developed parts world. The observed promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at time. Specifically, causal determined currently. More followed by then little MS. data for MS encouraging this. Conclusions relevance While still nascent, interface may missing link, hampered our progress understanding, let alone preventing, managing, putting into remission diseases. Relationships must first established humans, have shown poorly translate complex physiology environments, especially when investigating microbiome where often overly simplistic. Only can robust conducted humans using mechanistic model

Language: Английский

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Alcohol and the Brain–Gut Axis: The Involvement of Microglia and Enteric Glia in the Process of Neuro-Enteric Inflammation

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(20), P. 2475 - 2475

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Binge or chronic alcohol consumption causes neuroinflammation and leads to use disorder (AUD). AUD not only affects the central nervous system (CNS) but also pathologies in peripheral enteric systems (ENS). Thus, understanding mechanism of immune signaling target effector molecules pathway is necessary alleviate AUD. Growing evidence shows that excessive can activate neuroimmune cells, including microglia, change status neurotransmitters, affecting system. Microglia, like macrophages, are an integral part defense represent reticuloendothelial CNS. Microglia constantly survey CNS scavenge neuronal debris. These cells protect parenchymal brain spinal cord by repairing nerve circuits keep healthy against infectious stress-derived agents. In activated state, they become highly dynamic mobile modulate levels neurotransmitters several ways, glial macrophages similar terms causing inflammation. express most receptors constitutively present macrophages. Several on microglia respond inflammatory signals arise from danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), pathogen-associated (PAMPs), endotoxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharides), stress-causing alcohol). Therefore, this review article presents latest findings, describing roles gut, respectively, their association with neurotrophic factors, under influence binge use,

Language: Английский

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Neurotoxicity and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 478, P. 135611 - 135611

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Adolescent Aggression: A Narrative Review on the Potential Impact of Violent Video Games

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 12 - 12

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Background: Exposure to violent content through video games can shape perceptions of aggression as normative or acceptable, potentially desensitizing adolescents violence and increasing the likelihood that they will engage in aggressive behavior their real-world interactions. This narrative review examines relationship between (VVGs) youth aggression, addressing (i) VVG exposure lens Social Learning Theory General Aggression Model; (ii) biological determinants behavior, including neurophysiological correlates potential modulatory role gut microbiome; (iii) current evidence on influence adolescent aggression. Results: may promote moral disengagement reinforce rewarding actions, leading real-life VVGs increases by elevating cortisol levels, activating sympathetic nervous system, stimulating brain’s reward disrupting neurotransmitter balance. Alterations microbiome composition could occur a result engaging VVGs, mirroring physiological responses observed activities. The among has been widely explored, with studies generally indicating lead desensitization violence, reduced empathy, diminished prosocial behavior. have also linked both bullying perpetration victimization dynamics adolescents, contributing mental health issues, which turn exacerbate problematic gaming behaviors. Conclusions: While there is suggesting associated increased discrepancies literature highlight need for further research aimed at improving our understanding this phenomenon. topic reveal significant limitations, predominance cross-sectional designs, methodological shortcomings, small sample sizes, challenges generalizing results. Factors such developmental stages participants, exclusion females, unmeasured variables during long follow-up periods complicate interpretations. Moreover, parental responsibility effectiveness age ratings require closer examination.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Clinically Diagnosed Samples: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

Abstract Context The use of prebiotics and probiotics as a treatment for psychiatric conditions has gained interest due to their potential modulate the gut–brain axis. This review aims assess effectiveness these interventions in reducing symptoms depression anxiety populations. Objective aim was comprehensively appraise prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic clinical symptoms. Data Sources Systematic searches were conducted across Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index from database inception May 22, 2023. Extraction Randomized controlled trials investigating or treating samples included. extracted on study characteristics, intervention details, outcome measures. Collaboration Tool used risk bias. Analysis standardized mean difference (SMD) calculated using Hedge’s g metric effect size. A random-effects model applied estimate pooled sizes with 95% CIs. Subgroup analyses performed based methodological factors, types. Sensitivity excluded studies high Results Twenty-three RCTs involving 1401 patients met inclusion criteria, 20 providing sufficient data meta-analysis. Of these, 18 investigated depression, 9 assessed anxiety, 3 examined depression. Probiotics demonstrated significant reduction (SMD: –0.96; CI: –1.31, –0.61) moderate –0.59; –0.98, –0.19). Prebiotics did not show –0.28; –0.61, 0.04). High heterogeneity observed studies, subgroup indicated that duration probiotic formulations contributed variation sizes. Conclusion showed substantial reductions nonsignificant trend toward An adjunctive mental health approach diagnoses, monitors, treats gut microbiome alongside traditional pharmacological holds promise practice. Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023424136.

Language: Английский

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Microbial gene expression during hibernation in arctic ground squirrels: greater differences across gut sections than in response to pre-hibernation dietary protein content

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Obligate seasonal hibernators fast for 5-9 months depending on species yet resist muscle atrophy and emerge with little lean mass loss. The role of the gut microbiome in host nitrogen metabolism during hibernation is therefore considerable interest, recent studies support a urea salvage (UNS) host-protein conservation. We were interested effect pre-hibernation diet UNS microbial provision essential amino acids (EAAs) hibernation; therefore, we conducted study whereby fed arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) diets containing 9% vs. 18% protein compared expression bacterial urease acid (AA) genes 4 sections (cecum mucosa, cecum lumen, small intestine [SI] SI lumen) hibernation. found that dietary content did not affect complete AA pathway however, several individual within EAA pathways differentially expressed protein. Expression associated was highest lowest mucosa. Additionally, dominant site distinct from other its overall functional taxonomic composition. Urease hibernating significantly differed by section, but content. identified two are part cycle involved arginine biosynthesis, which more highly lumen mucosa Six genera responsible 99% gene expression: Cupriavidus, Burkholderia, Laribacter, Bradhyrizobium, Helicobacter, Yersinia. Although find strong or hibernation, our data do suggest potential to modulate microbiota function further investigations warranted.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome is associated with personality traits of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 22, 2024

Recent studies have emphasized that there is a strong link between the gut microbiome and brain affects social behavior personality in animals. However, interface wild primates remains poorly understood. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing ethological methods primate behavioral ecology to investigate relationship Tibetan macaques ( Macaca thibetana ). The assessment results indicated three dimensions including socialization, shyness, anxiety. There was significant variation alpha diversity only for with significantly lower indices (including Shannon, Chao1, PD) bold individuals than shy individuals. Using regression models control possible confounding factors, found relative abundance of genera, Akkermansia , Dialister Asteroleplasma positively correlated sociability scores macaques. In addition, Oscillospiraceae exhibited positive correlation Shy Dimension. Furthermore, predicted functional genes propionate pyruvate, porphyrin chlorophyll metabolic pathways related animal behavior, were enriched shyness group. We propose may play an important role formation

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Intestinal Flora and Its Derivatives in Neurocognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review from Surgical Perspective

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 10, 2024

Abstract Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction is a significant concern for population health, impacting postoperative recovery and increasing the financial burden on patients. With an number of surgical procedures being performed, prevention management perioperative have garnered attention. While factors such as age, lifestyle, genetics, education are known to influence development cognitive dysfunction, recent research has highlighted role gut microbiota in neurological health. An increased abundance pro-inflammatory can trigger worsen neuroinflammation, neuronal cell damage, impaired cellular autophagy. Moreover, inflammation-promoting disrupt immune function, impair neuroautophagy, affect production circulation extracellular vesicles neurotransmitters. These collectively play onset advancement impairment. This narrative review delves into molecular mechanisms through which their derivatives contribute impairment, focusing impact anesthesia surgery, changes microbial populations, impairment associations. The study suggests that alterations various bacterial species metabolites pre- post-surgery may be linked Furthermore, potential probiotics or prebiotics addressing discussed, offering promising avenue investigating treatment disorders.

Language: Английский

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