Interconnection of periodontal disease and comorbidities: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 9 - 18

Published: March 4, 2022

Abstract Periodontitis, a microbiome‐driven inflammatory disease of the tooth‐attachment apparatus, is epidemiologically linked with other disorders, including cardio‐metabolic, cognitive neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, respiratory infections, certain cancers. These associations may, in part, be causal, as suggested by interventional studies showing that local treatment periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation surrogate markers comorbid diseases. The potential cause‐and‐effect connection between comorbidities corroborated preclinical models disease, which additionally provided mechanistic insights into these associations. This overview discusses recent advances our understanding periodontitis‐systemic connection, may potentially lead to innovative therapeutic options reduce risk periodontitis‐linked comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and regulation of defensins in host defense

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

As a family of cationic host defense peptides, defensins are mainly synthesized by Paneth cells, neutrophils, and epithelial contributing to defense. Their biological functions in innate immunity, as well their structure activity relationships, along with mechanisms action therapeutic potential, have been great interest recent years. To highlight the key research into role human animal health, we first describe history, structural features, evolution, antimicrobial mechanisms. Next, cover immune homeostasis, chemotaxis, mucosal barrier function, gut microbiota regulation, intestinal development regulation cell death. Further, discuss clinical relevance potential various diseases, including infectious disease, inflammatory bowel diabetes obesity, chronic lung periodontitis cancer. Finally, summarize current knowledge regarding nutrient-dependent defensins, fatty acids, amino microelements, plant extracts, probiotics, while considering application such regulation. Together, review summarizes functions, mechanism actions significance challenges developing defensins-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights biology utility.

Language: Английский

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Periodontal disease: A systemic condition

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 7 - 19

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract For decades, periodontitis has been considered to be a local inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues in oral cavity. Initially, associations with multitude noncommunicable diseases were each studied separately, and relationships shown. The morbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, respiratory have demonstrated. As most studies cross‐sectional nature, questions about causality cannot univocally answered. And an independent risk factor for one systemic disease, becomes even more difficult assess since recently also associated multimorbidity. Periodontitis many share environmental, lifestyle genetic factors, immunopathology. Moreover, suffering from common may increase susceptibility another chronic disease; effects condition various factors disease. overarching effect any is it causing pro‐inflammatory state individual; this shown periodontitis. prothrombotic elevated immunological activity such, when we consider can affect progression other importantly, vice versa. this, not surprising that variety diseases. medical definition includes different organs systems. Thus, aim opinion paper propose should its own right affects individual's wellbeing. dental profession researchers alike, adapt paradigm shift, advancing out isolated anatomical location into total being some conditions comorbid and, versa, comorbidities initiation

Language: Английский

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The effect of the “Oral-Gut” axis on periodontitis in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of microbe and immune mechanism associations

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are of the gastrointestinal tract that share common features microbial-induced ecological dysregulation host immune response. The close relationship between periodontitis IBD is characterized by a higher prevalence in patients with severity IBD, indicating different from traditional independent form an “Oral-Gut” axis two, which affect each other thus vicious circle. However, specific mechanisms leading to association two not fully understood. In this article, we describe interconnection terms microbial pathogenesis dysregulation, including ectopic colonization gut pathogenic bacteria associated promotes inflammation activating response, alteration oral microbiota due affects periodontal Among factors, such as Klebsiella , Porphyromonas gingivalis Fusobacterium nucleatum may act bridge while among mechanisms, Th17 cell responses secreted pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 TNF-α play key role development both diseases. This suggests future studies, can look for targets control intervene regulating or intestinal flora through immunological methods.

Language: Английский

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NAT10 regulates the LPS-induced inflammatory response via the NOX2-ROS-NF-κB pathway in macrophages

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1870(7), P. 119521 - 119521

Published: June 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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The associations of two novel inflammation indexes, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI), with periodontitis: evidence from NHANES 2009–2014

Clinical Oral Investigations, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Periodontitis and thyroid function: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Journal of Periodontal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(3), P. 491 - 499

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract Background and Objective Previous studies suggest interaction between periodontitis thyroid function, while the causality has not yet been established. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) method to assess bidirectional causal association thyroid‐related traits, including free thyroxine (FT4), stimulating hormone (TSH), hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism autoimmune disease (AITD). Methods Genetic instruments were extracted from large‐scale genome‐wide on normal‐range FT4 ( N = 49 269) TSH 54 288) levels, in full range 119 715); hypothyroidism (discovery/replication cohorts: 53 423/334 316), 51 823/257 552), AITD 755 406) 45 563). Here, inverse variance weighted (IVW) was as primary analysis, robustness of results assessed by several pleiotropic‐robust methods. Results adjusted for Bonferroni correction thresholds with significant p < .004 (0.05/13) suggestive .05. The IVW analysis revealed a suggestively linkage genetic predisposition increased risk (discovery cohort: odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.46, .012; replication OR 1.06, CI 1.01–1.11, .011). No evidence found supporting impact risks (associated ≥ .209), well traits .105). These findings robust consistent through sensitivity other MR models. Conclusion This reveals should be attributed variations function but it potential effect risk, which provides better understanding relationship clinical intervention hypothyroidism. Further investigations are warranted elucidate nature underlying mechanisms this finding.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Potential Biological Activities of Pyrazole-Based Schiff Bases as Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Alzheimer’s, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Agents: In Vitro Studies with Computational Predictions

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 655 - 655

Published: May 17, 2024

In this innovative research, we aim to reveal pyrazole-based Schiff bases as new multi-target agents. context, re-synthesized three sets of bases, 5a–f, 6a–f, and 7a–f, evaluate their biological applications. The data from in vitro assays (including antioxidant scavenging activities, anti-diabetes, anti-Alzheimer’s, anti-inflammatory properties) the 7a–f showed that six 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, 7a, 7f possess highest properties among compounds evaluated. cytotoxicity against lung (A549) colon (Caco-2) human cancer types, well normal (WI-38) cell lines, was investigation demonstrated 7a are active cells, while two 5e exhibited towards cells. Additionally, enzymatic activities caspase-3 Bcl-2 were Furthermore, assessed silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, toxicity (ADMT) more potent bases. After modifying structures plan further extend studies future.

Language: Английский

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The enigmatic roles of Anelloviridae and Redondoviridae in humans

Current Opinion in Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 101248 - 101248

Published: July 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Stem cell-based therapy in periodontal regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies

BMC Oral Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: July 15, 2023

Abstract Background Periodontitis is a common and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of the tooth surrounding tissues, especially intrabony defects, which eventually lead to loss. In recent years, stem cell-based therapy for periodontitis has been gradually applied clinic, but whether plays positive role in periodontal regeneration unclear at present. Methods The clinical studies related evaluation mesenchymal cells PubMed, Cochrane Central Register Controlled trials (CENTRAL), Web Science (WOS), Embase, Scopus, Wanfang China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched June 2023. inclusion criteria required compare efficacy with cell free treatment periodontitis, have follow-up least six months. Two evaluators searched, screened, assessed quality risk bias included independently. Review Manager 5.4 software was used perform meta-analysis, GRADEpro GDT evaluate level evidence. Results Five randomized controlled (RCTs) including 118 patients analyzed. results this meta-analysis demonstrated that showed better therapeutic effects on attachment (CAL) (MD = − 1.18, 95% CI 1.55, 0.80, P < 0.00001), pocket probing depth (PPD) 0.75, 1.35, 0.14, 0.020), linear distance from bone crest bottom defect (BC-BD)( MD 0.95, 1.67, 0.23, 0.010) compared cell-free group. However, presented insignificant gingival recession (P 0.14), cementoenamel junction 0.05). Conclusion demonstrate may be beneficial CAL, PPD BC-BD. Due limited number included, strength analysis affected certain extent. high‐quality RCTs large sample size, multi-blind, multi-centric are still required, methodological normative study protocol should established executed future.

Language: Английский

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