Tailoring exercise intensity: acute and chronic effects of constant-speed and heart rate-clamped exercise in healthy, inactive adults DOI Creative Commons
Raffaele Mazzolari, Patrick Rodrigues, Anne Hecksteden

et al.

Journal of science and medicine in sport, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

This study tested whether speed-controlled exercise prescriptions result in greater external training load and acute cardiorespiratory responses at the end of compared to heart rate-controlled prescriptions, despite equivalent intensity start exercise. It also investigated lead improvements fitness after 8 weeks training. A two-group, randomized block design with repeated testing sessions. Thirty-four healthy, inactive adults were into two groups. One group trained a constant speed set midway between first second lactate thresholds, whereas other corresponding rate. Both groups performed 30 min continuous three times per week for weeks. Speed, rate, oxygen consumption measured session later time points complementary analysis. Peak treadmill maximal assessed before intervention. At session, showed higher values rate (1.5 km/h), (22 bpm), (6.0 mL/kg/min) (all p < 0.001). Similarly, adaptive changes group, larger increase peak (0.9 km/h, 0.001) (1.2 mL/kg/min, = 0.01). These findings indicate that reference method influences chronic adaptations adults.

Language: Английский

A Perspective on High-Intensity Interval Training for Performance and Health DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra M. Coates, Michael J. Joyner, Jonathan P. Little

et al.

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(S1), P. 85 - 96

Published: Oct. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

77
Physiological Resilience: What Is It and How Might It Be Trained? DOI Creative Commons
Andrew M. Jones, Brett S. Kirby

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Physiological resilience has recently been recognized as an additional factor that influences endurance exercise performance. It thus incorporated into a modified, contemporary version of "the Joyner model" which acknowledges start-line values V̇O2max, efficiency or economy, and metabolic thresholds are prone to deterioration, often with appreciable interindividual variability, during prolonged exercise. The physiological underpinnings elusive sports physiologists presently concerned developing practical testing protocols reflect athlete's characteristics. is also important consider why some athletes more resilient than others whether can be enhanced-and, if so, training programs specific sessions might stimulate its development. While data scant, the available evidence suggests consistency accumulation relatively large volumes over longer-term (i.e., several years) promote resilience. inclusion regular within program, especially when these include bouts high-intensity at race pace above progressive increase in intensity face fatigue, represent effective means enhancing Finally, resistance training, heavy strength plyometric appears have positive effects on Considerations for resilience, alongside other established determinants performance, will likely long-term development successful athletes.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Changes in running economy and attainable maximal oxygen consumption in response to prolonged running: The impact of training status DOI
Runar Unhjem

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(5)

Published: April 26, 2024

Abstract During prolonged running at moderate‐to‐high intensity, economy (RE) deteriorates and attainable maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) decreases. Whether these changes appear similarly in trained untrained runners exercising the same relative intensity is not clear. We recruited 10 (TR) active adults (AA), compared RE VO before after 1 h of 70% . Submaximal 2 increased more ( p = 0.019) AA (0.20 ± 0.13 L min −1 than TR (0.07 0.05 ). Attainable decreased (−0.21 0.15 , 0.002), but remained unchanged (−0.05 0.10 0.18). Relative (i.e., /attainable ), 0.001) (8.3 4.4%) (2.6 1.9%). These results demonstrate that ability to resist following superior versus runners, when intensity.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
What is a cycling race simulation anyway: a review on protocols to assess durability in cycling DOI Creative Commons
Wouter Peeters,

Marguerite L Barrett,

Tim Podlogar

et al.

European Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Abstract Physiological resilience or durability is now recognised as a determinant of endurance performance such road cycling. Reliable, ecologically valid and standardised tests in laboratory-based cycling protocols have to be established investigate mechanisms underpinning, interventions improving durability. This review aims provide an overview available race simulation the literature examines its rigour around themes that influence including (i) exercise intensity anchoring (ii) carbohydrate intake whilst also (iii) inspecting reliability justification developed protocols. Using systematic search approach, 48 articles were identified met our criteria simulation. Most presented limitations recommended test durability, not appropriately addressing domains by % peak power $$\dot{\text{V}}$$ V ˙ O 2max . Ten provided data, but only one under appropriate conditions. studies sufficiently controlled nutrition during trials days leading just before trials. Thus, there paucity combine with optimal nutritional support mimic true demands road-cycling race. lists researchers could use caution select protocol for future experiments, encourages further development improved protocols, utilisation virtual software applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Are super shoes a super placebo? A randomised crossover trial in female recreational runners DOI Creative Commons
Kim Hébert‐Losier,

Anne E. Pfister,

Steven J. Finlayson

et al.

Footwear Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Decoding Victory in Cycling's Grand Monuments: A Performance Analysis of Top‐5 Versus Top‐6–30 Finishers DOI
Manuel Mateo‐March, Manuel Moya‐Ramón, Jose Luis Sánchez‐Jiménez

et al.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(5)

Published: April 25, 2025

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the key performance metrics and durability differences between cyclists finishing in top‐5 those ranked 6th 30th Five Monuments of Cycling (Milan‐San Remo, Tour Flanders, Paris‐Roubaix, Liège‐Bastogne‐Liège, Il Lombardia). Data from 64 professional male were analyzed. Cyclists categorized into finishers ( n = 14) top‐6–30 50). Race data extracted .fit files, including power output (PO), mean maximal (MMP) across multiple durations (5 s, 30 1 min, 5 10 20 min), decay after accumulated workloads (30, 40, 50, 60 kJ kg −1 ). Top‐5 exhibited significantly higher MMP for 5‐min d 0.7; p 0.02), 10‐min 0.8; 0.01), 20‐min efforts 1.0; 0.01) compared finishers. No significant found shorter > 0.05). Power analysis revealed that experienced greater reductions at , particularly 1.3; < 1.2; 0.01). observed total energy expenditure or time spent zones groups. showed durability, with less Monuments. These findings highlight functional (e.g., MMP, decay) associated finishes, though physiological mechanisms remain speculative. extends prior research by focusing on elite

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Durability of Running Economy: Differences between Quantification Methods and Performance Status in Male Runners DOI

MICHELE ZANINI,

Jonathan P. Folland, Richard C. Blagrove

et al.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(11), P. 2230 - 2240

Published: June 10, 2024

ABSTRACT Introduction Running economy (RE) deteriorates during prolonged running, although the effect of measuring energy cost (EC) or oxygen (OC) on magnitude these changes has not been investigated. Similarly, it is unknown if runners’ performance level may influence deterioration RE running. The aims this study were to compare in EC and OC measurements a run large cohort well-trained male runners, between runners high- low-performance standard. Methods Forty-four (maximal uptake (V̇O 2max ) 62.4 mL·kg −1 ·min ; 10-km time: 35:50 ± 4:40 mm:ss) completed an incremental test determining lactate threshold 1 (LT1) V̇O , separate occasion, 90-min at LT1. Respiratory gases collected 15-min intervals. Subsequently, subgroups (HP; 31:20 01:00 low-performing (LP; 41:50 01:20 compared. Results was only fractionally larger when expressed as than (0.1% greater from 30–90 min; P < 0.001), perhaps due small change respiratory exchange ratio (−0.01) study. For HP group, increases lower LP after 90 min both (+2.3% vs +4.3%; 0.01) (+2.4% +4.5%; 0.01). standardized distances, for versus LP, example, 16.7 km + 1.0 +3.2% ( 0.01), +1.2 +3.4% 0.001). Conclusions dependent athlete’s level, with displaying superior durability. use had fractional durability, gain importance shifts substrate metabolism.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
A training goal-oriented categorization model of high-intensity interval training DOI Creative Commons
Thomas Stöggl, Tilmann Strepp, Hans‐Peter Wiesinger

et al.

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 18, 2024

There are various categorization models of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the literature that need to be more consistent definition, terminology, and concept completeness. In this review, we present a goal-oriented model HIIT, aiming find best possible consensus among defined types HIIT. This concludes with six different HIIT derived from literature, based on interaction duration, intensity interval:recovery ratio. We discuss science behind shed light effects aerobic, anaerobic, neuromuscular systems transfer into competition performance. highlight research gaps, discrepancies findings not yet proved know-how lack randomized controlled studies, especially well-trained elite athlete cohorts. Our “toolbox” approach is designed guide training. It intended lay groundwork for future systematic reviews serves as foundation meta-analyses.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Differences in running technique between runners with better and poorer running economy and lower and higher milage: An artificial neural network approach DOI Creative Commons
Bas Van Hooren, Rebecca Lennartz, Maartje Cox

et al.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Background Prior studies investigated selected discrete sagittal‐plane outcomes (e.g., peak knee flexion) in relation to running economy, hereby discarding the potential relevance of technique parameters during noninvestigated phases gait cycle and other movement planes. Purpose Investigate which components distinguish groups runners with better poorer economy higher lower weekly distance using an artificial neural network (ANN) approach layer‐wise propagation. Methods Forty‐one participants (22 males 19 females) ran at 2.78 m∙s −1 while three‐dimensional kinematics gas exchange data were collected. Two created that differed or training distance. The kinematic used as input ANN predict group allocations. Layer‐wise propagation was determine for classification. Results classified correct accuracies up 62% 71%, respectively. Knee, hip, ankle flexion most relevant both classifications. Runners showed swing, more hip early stance, extension after toe‐off. less trunk rotation swing. Conclusion accuracy moderate when predicting whether had better, a based on their technique. contributed classification may nevertheless inform future research training.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Durability and Underlying Physiological Factors: How Do They Change Throughout a Cycling Season in Semiprofessional Cyclists? DOI
Jens G. Voet, Robert P. Lamberts, Aitor Viribay

et al.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 809 - 819

Published: June 13, 2024

Purpose : To investigate how cycling time-trial (TT) performance changes over a season, both in “fresh” state and “fatigued” (durability). Additionally, the aim was to explore whether these are related underlying physiological factors such as gross efficiency, energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation (fat [FatOx] carbohydrate [CarbOx]). Methods Sixteen male semiprofessional cyclists visited laboratory on 3 occasions during season (PRE, START, IN) underwent test fresh fatigued states (after 38.1 [4.9] kJ/kg), containing submaximal warm-up for measurement of EE, FatOx, CarbOx maximal TT 1 (TT1min) 10 minutes (TT10min). Results were compared across (fresh vs fatigued) periods IN). The average power output (PO) TT1min decreased ( P < .05) from all observed periods, whereas there no change PO TT10min. Over course improved more with state. Furthermore, while EE did not significantly change, an increase FatOx decrease toward These diminished (IN), indicating greater contribution Conclusions is sensitive fatigue Also, durability improves when POs, which also oxidation.

Language: Английский

Citations

5