Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 26 - 54

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative nosological system that addresses shortcomings traditional mental disorder diagnoses, including arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent co‐occurrence, substantial heterogeneity within disorders, diagnostic unreliability over time across clinicians. This paper reviews evidence on the validity utility internalizing somatoform spectra HiTOP, which together provide support for an emotional dysfunction superspectrum. These are composed homogeneous symptom maladaptive trait dimensions currently subsumed multiple classes, depressive, anxiety, trauma‐related, eating, bipolar, somatic as well sexual aspects personality disorders. Dimensions falling superspectrum broadly linked to individual differences in negative affect/neuroticism. Extensive establishes share genetic diatheses, environmental risk factors, cognitive affective difficulties, neural substrates biomarkers, childhood temperamental antecedents, treatment response. structure these validators mirrors superspectrum, with some correlates more specific or conditions, others common both, thereby underlining hierarchical domain. Compared demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory predictive power, clinical applicability. Validated measures available implement HiTOP practice, can make classification useful, both research clinic.

Language: Английский

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Multimodal imaging improves brain age prediction and reveals distinct abnormalities in patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 42(6), P. 1714 - 1726

Published: Dec. 19, 2020

Abstract The deviation between chronological age and predicted using brain MRI is a putative marker of overall health. Age prediction based on structural data shows high accuracy in common disorders. However, aging complex heterogenous, both terms individual differences the underlying biological processes. Here, we implemented multimodal model to estimate different combinations cortical area, thickness sub‐cortical volumes, subcortical T1/T2‐weighted ratios, cerebral blood flow (CBF) arterial spin labeling. For each 11 models assessed healthy controls (HC, n = 750) compared obtained gaps (BAGs) age‐matched subsets HC patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, 54), mild (MCI, 90) subjective (SCI, 56) cognitive impairment, schizophrenia spectrum (SZ, 159) bipolar disorder (BD, 135). We found highest when integrating all modalities. Furthermore, two‐group case–control classifications revealed for AD global T1‐weighted BAG, while MCI, SCI, BD SZ showed strongest effects CBF‐based BAGs. Combining multiple modalities improves reveals distinct deviations psychiatric neurological BAG was most accurate predicting HC, group were often larger BAGs single These findings indicate that multidimensional neuroimaging may provide brain‐based mapping overlapping pathophysiology

Language: Английский

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Call to action regarding the vascular‐bipolar link: A report from the Vascular Task Force of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders

Bipolar Disorders, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 440 - 460

Published: May 1, 2020

The association of bipolar disorder with early and excessive cardiovascular disease was identified over a century ago. Nonetheless, the vascular-bipolar link remains underrecognized, particularly regard to how this can contribute our understanding pathogenesis treatment.An international group experts completed selective review literature, distilling core themes, identifying limitations gaps in highlighting future directions bridge these gaps.The between vascular is large magnitude, consistent across studies, independent confounding variables where assessed. multifactorial difficult study given latency onset disorder, often adolescence or adulthood, subsequent disease, which usually occurs decades later. As result, studies have focused on risk factors for intermediate phenotypes, such as structural functional imaging measures. There interest most relevant mediators relationship, including lifestyle (eg, smoking, diet, exercise), medications, systemic biological inflammation). there paucity treatment that deliberately engage mediators, thus far no engaging targets.Further research holds promise gleaning insights regarding underlying causes novel approaches, mitigating disparities outcomes people disorder.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in the blood–brain barrier: Implications for mental health

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 100989 - 100989

Published: March 8, 2022

Prevalence of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are increasing at alarming rates in our societies. Growing evidence points toward sex differences these conditions, high treatment resistance support the need to consider novel biological mechanisms outside neuronal function gain mechanistic insights that could lead innovative therapies. Blood-brain barrier alterations have been reported MDD, BD SZ. Here, we provide an overview sex-specific immune, endocrine, vascular transcriptional-mediated changes affect neurovascular integrity possibly contribute pathogenesis disorders. We also identify pitfalls current literature highlight promising biomarkers. Better understanding how adaptations can health status is essential not only context SZ but cardiovascular diseases stroke which associated with higher prevalence conditions.

Language: Английский

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Single-cell profiling of vascular endothelial cells reveals progressive organ-specific vulnerabilities during obesity

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. 1591 - 1610

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Obesity promotes diverse pathologies, including atherosclerosis and dementia, which frequently involve vascular defects endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. Each organ has distinct EC subtypes, but whether ECs are differentially affected by obesity is unknown. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of ~375,000 from seven organs in male mice at progressive stages identify organ-specific vulnerabilities. We find that deregulates gene expression networks, lipid handling, metabolic pathways AP1 transcription factor inflammatory signaling, an organ- EC-subtype-specific manner. The transcriptomic aberrations worsen with sustained only partially mitigated dietary intervention weight loss. For example, substantially attenuates dysregulation liver, not kidney, transcriptomes. Through integration human genome-wide association study data, further a subset disease risk genes induced obesity. Our work catalogs the impact on endothelium, constitutes useful resource reveals leads for investigation as potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Functional and structural brain differences in bipolar disorder: a multimodal meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(14), P. 2861 - 2873

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Abstract Background Numerous studies of resting-state functional imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have revealed differences in specific brain regions patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but the results been inconsistent. Methods A whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis was conducted on VBM that compared between BD healthy controls using Seed-based d Mapping Permutation Subject Images software. Results systematic literature search identified 51 (1842 2190 controls) 83 (2790 3690 controls). Overall, displayed increased activity left middle frontal gyrus, right inferior gyrus (IFG) extending to insula, superior bilateral striatum, as well decreased temporal post-central cerebellum, precuneus. The showed IFG pole pole, IFG, anterior cingulate cortex, (medial prefrontal cortex), thalamus, fusiform gyrus. Conclusions multimodal meta-analyses suggested similar patterns aberrant structure insula fronto-striatal-thalamic, default-mode network regions, which provide useful insights for understanding underlying pathophysiology BD.

Language: Английский

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Pentoxifylline as a Novel Add-on Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Adult Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Pharmacopsychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(04), P. 205 - 214

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Background Evidence indicates an association between immune dysregulation and major depressive disorder (MDD). Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was evaluate changes in symptoms markers after administration PTX as adjunctive agent citalopram patients with MDD. Methods One hundred were randomly assigned either (20 mg/day) plus placebo (twice daily) (n=50) or (400 mg) (n=50). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAM-D-17) scores at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 serum levels interleukin1-β (IL-1-β), tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, IL-6, serotonin, IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) baseline week evaluated. Results HAM-D-17 score the group significantly reduced comparison control 8,10, ((LSMD): − 2.193, p=0.021; 2.597, p=0.036; 2.916, p=0.019; 4.336, p=0.005; 4.087, p=0.008, respectively). Patients who received had better response (83%) remission rate (79%) compared (49% 40%, p=0.006 p=0.01, Moreover, reduction concentrations factors increase serotonin BDNF greater than (p<0.001). Conclusion These findings support safety efficacy antidepressant anti-inflammatory effects

Language: Английский

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Dynamic cerebral autoregulation across the cardiac cycle during 8 hr of recovery from acute exercise

Physiological Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(5)

Published: March 1, 2020

Current protocols examining cerebral autoregulation (CA) parameters require participants to refrain from exercise for 12–24 hr, however there is sparse objective evidence the recovery trajectory of these measures following across cardiac cycle (diastole, mean, and systole). Therefore, this study sought determine duration acute impacts CA within-day reproducibility measures. Nine performed squat–stand maneuvers at 0.05 0.10 Hz baseline before three interventions: 45-min moderate-continuous (at 50% heart-rate reserve), 30-min high-intensity intervals (ten, 1-min 85% a control day (30-min quiet rest). Squat–stands were repeated hours zero, one, two, four, six, eight after each condition. Transcranial doppler ultrasound middle artery (MCA) posterior (PCA) was used characterize cycle. At baseline, systolic different than mean diastolic components (ps < 0.015), both in frequencies disappeared until hour four within MCA > 0.079). In PCA, phase values affected only 0.055). Normalized gain all domains remained 0.005) (p .050). All differences returned by six 0.034). Future studies may use assess pressure–flow relationship 6 hr exercise. Finally, under paradigm appear have negligible variation, allowing reproducible interpretations be drawn.

Language: Английский

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Cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI-based studies

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 110669 - 110669

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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Predictive factors of psychiatric syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 21, 2024

Introduction Early detection of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) remains a challenge in clinical settings. Previous studies have found different autoantibodies as markers for NPSLE. This study aimed to describe the distribution psychiatric syndromes group patients with (SLE) and investigate association between specific autoantibodies. Methods retrospective was conducted at single medical center China. We reviewed records hospitalized SLE who were consulted by psychiatrists due potential mental disorders. Results serum general laboratory tests collected. The correlation variables examined. Binary logistic regression analyses used determine factors related NPSLE diagnoses. Among 171 manifestations 160 patients, 141 (82.4%) attributed SLE. Acute confusional state (ACS) had highest prevalence (57.4%). Anti-cardiolipin (ACL) antibody ( X 2 = 142.261, p &lt; 0.001) anti-β2 glycoprotein I (-β2GP1) 139.818, varied significantly groups, positive rate mood disorders (27.3% 18.2%). disease activity index – 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score excluding item ACS psychosis predictor (OR 1.172 [95% CI 1.105 - 1.243]). Conclusions Disease reflected SLEDAI-2K is Antiphospholipid antibodies are associated Further separate investigation needed order better comprehend NPSLE’s pathological mechanism.

Language: Английский

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