Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4999 - 5041

Published: March 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Soft actuators for real-world applications

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 235 - 249

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Smart Materials for Microrobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 5365 - 5403

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Over the past 15 years, field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging in vivo drug delivery, intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials had a profound impact on imparted small-scale robots functionalities distinct capabilities. We identified four large categories where majority future efforts must be allocated push frontiers microrobots smart can major such advances. These areas are propulsion biocompatibility microrobots, cooperation between individual units human operators, finally, intelligence microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at latest developments these discuss how contribute progress will set stage for next generation intelligent programmable

Language: Английский

---

Multifunctional magnetic soft composites: a review

Multifunctional Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 042003 - 042003

Published: Nov. 17, 2020

Abstract Magnetically responsive soft materials are composites where magnetic fillers embedded into polymeric matrices. These active have attracted extensive research and industrial interest due to their ability realize fast programmable shape changes through remote untethered control under the application of fields. They would many high-impact potential applications in robotics/devices, metamaterials, biomedical devices. With a broad range functional fillers, matrices, advanced fabrication techniques, material properties can be programmed for integrated functions, including morphing, dynamic deformation-based locomotion, object manipulation assembly, heat generation, as well reconfigurable electronics. In this review, an overview state-of-the-art developments future perspectives multifunctional magnetically is presented.

Language: Английский

---

Reconfiguration, Camouflage, and Color‐Shifting for Bioinspired Adaptive Hydrogel‐Based Millirobots

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(10)

Published: Jan. 7, 2020

Abstract Nature provides much inspiration for developing soft millirobots. However, compared with smart and adaptations of lives in nature, these robotic systems still suffer from insufficiency intelligence. Here, a new untethered millirobot magnetic actuation the head function tail is presented via implementing control, actuation, sensing directly materials, thereby endowing robots multimodal locomotion environment‐adaptive functions. Due to asymmetric structure, not only shows robust locomotion, including controllable transformable crawling, swinging rolling, but also achieves an excellent capability helical propulsion water. Moreover, robot possesses outstanding obstacle‐crossing abilities, helically propelling over obstacles (>2 body length), crawling within 2 mm height tunnel through 450 µm width channel. Furthermore, can even squeeze its crawl tube easily near‐infrared irradiation, which triggers osmotic shrinking body. Notably, possess extraordinary functions, example, leptocephali‐like optical camouflage water, octopus‐like delivery variable appearance visible color–shifting interaction changing environment. These would be benefit various fields seamless integration bioinspired design materials.

Language: Английский

---

IRONSperm: Sperm-templated soft magnetic microrobots

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(28)

Published: July 8, 2020

We develop biohybrid magnetic microrobots by electrostatic self-assembly of nonmotile sperm cells and nanoparticles. Incorporating a biological entity into entails many functional advantages beyond shape templating, such as the facile uptake chemotherapeutic agents to achieve targeted drug delivery. present single-step technique fabricate IRONSperms, soft microswimmers that emulate motion motile cells. Our experiments theoretical predictions show swimming speed IRONSperms exceeds 0.2 body length/s (6.8 ± 4.1 µm/s) at an actuation frequency 8 Hz precision angle 45°. demonstrate nanoparticle coating increases acoustic impedance enables localization clusters IRONSperm using ultrasound feedback. also confirm biocompatibility loading ability these microrobots, their promise biocompatible, controllable, detectable tools for in vivo therapy.

Language: Английский

---

Environmentally Adaptive Shape-Morphing Microrobots for Localized Cancer Cell Treatment

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 18048 - 18059

Published: Oct. 19, 2021

Microrobots have attracted considerable attention due to their extensive applications in microobject manipulation and targeted drug delivery. To realize more complex micro-/nanocargo (e.g., encapsulation release) biological applications, it is highly desirable endow microrobots with a shape-morphing adaptation dynamic environments. Here, environmentally adaptive (SMMRs) been developed by programmatically encoding different expansion rates pH-responsive hydrogel. Due combination magnetic propulsion, microcrab (SMMC) able perform microparticle delivery, including gripping, transporting, releasing "opening–closing" of claw. As proof-of-concept demonstration, microfish (SMMF) designed encapsulate (doxorubicin (DOX)) closing its mouth phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH ∼ 7.4) release the opening slightly acidic solution (pH < 7). Furthermore, localized HeLa cell treatment an artificial vascular network realized SMMF mouth. With continuous optimization size, motion control, imaging technology, these SMMRs will provide ideal platforms for microcargo operations on-demand release.

Language: Английский

---

An agglutinate magnetic spray transforms inanimate objects into millirobots for biomedical applications

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(48)

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Millirobots with magnetically drivable surfaces display a range of locomotive abilities and programmable behavior.

Language: Английский

---

Neuromuscular actuation of biohybrid motile bots

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(40), P. 19841 - 19847

Published: Sept. 16, 2019

Significance Biohybrid machines have been developed using muscles to actuate soft robotic structures. We envision that the integration of neurons into embodiment such systems can transform them intelligent which, for instance, could use sensory detect environmental cues then adaptively respond and orchestrate various motor patterns through their neural circuitry. However, achieving sensory-motor modalities relies on ability units command muscle activity, making actuation first milestone. Here, we achieve this milestone demonstrate neuromuscular a biohybrid swimmer. This paves way development embodied platforms as models gain deeper understanding control, with potentially broad impact in robotics, bioengineering, health.

Language: Английский

---

Exploiting Mechanical Instabilities in Soft Robotics: Control, Sensing, and Actuation

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(19)

Published: March 31, 2021

The rapidly expanding field of soft robotics has provided multiple examples how entirely machines and actuators can outperform conventional rigid robots in terms adaptability, maneuverability, safety. Unfortunately, the flexible materials used their construction impose intrinsic limitations on robots, such as low actuation speeds output forces. Nature offers where highly organisms exploit mechanical instabilities to store release energy. Guided by these examples, researchers have recently developed a variety strategies overcome speed power using instabilities. These provide, through rapid transitions from structurally stable states, new route achieve high amplification attain impressive speeds. Here, an overview literature related development that expand speed, power, functionality is presented. Additionally, structural phase address current challenges area robotic control, sensing, are discussed. Approaches create logic modules imbue with material intelligence distributed computational capabilities also reviewed.

Language: Английский

---