Global Patterns in Marine Sediment Carbon Stocks

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: March 25, 2020

To develop more accurate global carbon (C) budgets and to better inform management of human activities in the ocean, we need high-resolution estimates marine C stocks. Here quantify sedimentary stocks at a 1-km resolution, find that sediments store 2322 (2239–2391) Pg top 1 m (nearly twice terrestrial soils). Sediments abyss/basin zones account for 79% sediment stock, 49% stock is within 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zones countries. Currently, only ∼2% are located highly fully protected areas prevent disturbance seafloor. Our results show represent large globally important sink. However, lack protection makes them vulnerable disturbances can lead their remineralization CO 2 , further aggravating climate change impacts.

Language: Английский

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The minimum land area requiring conservation attention to safeguard biodiversity

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6597), P. 1094 - 1101

Published: June 2, 2022

Ambitious conservation efforts are needed to stop the global biodiversity crisis. In this study, we estimate minimum land area secure important areas, ecologically intact and optimal locations for representation of species ranges ecoregions. We discover that at least 64 million square kilometers (44% terrestrial area) would require attention (ranging from protected areas land-use policies) meet goal. More than 1.8 billion people live on these lands, so responses promote autonomy, self-determination, equity, sustainable management safeguarding essential. Spatially explicit scenarios suggest 1.3 is risk being converted intensive human uses by 2030, which requires immediate attention. However, a sevenfold difference exists between amount habitat in optimistic pessimistic scenarios, highlighting an opportunity avert Appropriate targets Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework encourage identified contribute substantially biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Earth transformed: detailed mapping of global human modification from 1990 to 2017

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 1953 - 1972

Published: Sept. 2, 2020

Abstract. Data on the extent, patterns, and trends of human land use are critically important to support global national priorities for conservation sustainable development. To inform these issues, we created a series detailed datasets 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015 evaluate temporal spatial modification terrestrial lands (excluding Antarctica). We found that expansion increase in between 1990 resulted 1.6 M km2 natural lost. The percent change was 15.2 % or 0.6 annually – about 178 daily over 12 ha min−1. Worrisomely, rate loss has increased past 25 years. greatest from occurred Oceania, Asia, Europe, biomes with were mangroves, tropical subtropical moist broadleaf forests, dry forests. also contemporary (∼2017) estimate included additional stressors globally 14.6 18.5 (±0.0013) have been modified an area greater than Russia. Our novel (0.09 resolution), (1990–2015), recent (∼2017), comprehensive (11 stressors, 14 current), robust (using established framework incorporating classification errors parameter uncertainty), strongly validated. believe improved understanding profound transformation wrought by activities provide foundational data amount, rates landscape planning decision-making environmental mitigation, protection, restoration. generated this work available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3963013 (Theobald et al., 2020).

Language: Английский

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Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 94 - 103

Published: July 18, 2022

Despite substantial progress in understanding global biodiversity loss, major taxonomic and geographic knowledge gaps remain. Decision makers often rely on expert judgement to fill gaps, but are rarely able engage with sufficiently large diverse groups of specialists. To improve the perspectives thousands experts worldwide, we conducted a survey asked focus taxa freshwater, terrestrial, or marine ecosystem which they most familiar. We found several points overwhelming consensus (for instance, multiple drivers loss interact synergistically) important demographic differences specialists’ estimates. Experts from that underrepresented science, including women those Global South, recommended different priorities for conservation solutions, less emphasis acquiring new protected areas, provided higher estimates its impacts. This may part be because disproportionately study highly threatened habitats. Front Ecol Environ 2022;

Language: Английский

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A biodiversity target based on species extinctions

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6496), P. 1193 - 1195

Published: June 11, 2020

A single target comparable to the 2°C climate may help galvanize biodiversity policy

Language: Английский

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