PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(5), P. e0273882 - e0273882
Published: May 2, 2023
Mitochondrial
decline
is
a
key
feature
of
ageing.
The
retina
has
more
mitochondria
than
any
other
tissue
and
ages
rapidly.
To
understand
human
retinal
ageing
it
critical
to
examine
old
world
primates
that
have
similar
visual
systems
humans,
do
so
across
central
peripheral
regions,
as
there
evidence
for
early
decline.
Hence,
we
mitochondrial
metrics
in
young
Macaca
fascicularis
retinae.
In
spite
reduced
ATP
with
age,
primate
complex
activity
did
not
But
membrane
potentials
were
significantly,
concomitantly,
permeability
increased.
marker
Tom20
declined
consistent
number,
while
VDAC,
voltage
dependent
anion
channel
diffusion
pore
associated
apoptosis
increased
significantly.
these
clear
age-related
changes,
was
almost
no
regional
differences
between
the
centre
periphery
metrics.
Primate
cones
die
but
many
showed
marked
structural
vacuous
spaces
proximal
inner
segments
normally
occupied
by
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER),
regulate
autophagy.
cones,
ER
displaced
nucleus
transposed
outer
limiting
could
become
embedded
populations.
These
data
are
significant
changes
provide
little
if
aged
suffer
those
periphery.
Neural Regeneration Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(5), P. 991 - 991
Published: Oct. 27, 2022
In
recent
years,
multiple
disciplines
have
focused
on
mitochondrial
biology
and
contributed
to
understanding
its
relevance
towards
adult-onset
neurodegenerative
disorders.
These
are
complex
dynamic
organelles
that
a
variety
of
functions
in
ensuring
cellular
health
homeostasis.
The
plethora
functionalities
confers
them
an
intrinsic
susceptibility
internal
external
stressors
(such
as
mutation
accumulation
or
environmental
toxins),
particularly
so
long-lived
postmitotic
cells
such
neurons.
Thus,
it
is
reasonable
postulate
involvement
mitochondria
aging-associated
neurological
disorders,
notably
pathologies
including
Alzheimer's
disease
Parkinson's
disease.
On
the
other
hand,
biological
effects
resulting
from
neurodegeneration
can
turn
affect
function,
promoting
feedback
loop
further
contributing
progression
neuronal
dysfunction
death.
This
review
examines
state-of-the-art
knowledge,
focus
current
research
exploring
factor
neuroregeneration,
development
therapeutic
approaches
aimed
at
restoring
homeostasis
pathological
setting.
Journal of Biophotonics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15(9)
Published: June 12, 2022
Abstract
The
addition
of
dielectric
transparent
microlens
in
the
optical
scheme
is
an
effective
and
at
same
time
simple
inexpensive
way
to
increase
resolution
a
light
microscope.
For
these
purposes,
spherical
cylindrical
microlenses
with
diameter
1–100
μm
are
usually
used.
focuses
into
narrow
beam
called
photonic
nanojet.
An
enlarged
virtual
image
formed,
which
captured
by
objective
In
microscopy,
successfully
applied
amplify
signals,
trapping
force
tweezers
used
microsurgery.
This
review
considers
design
principle
microlens‐assisted
microscopes.
Taking
account
advantages
super‐resolution
methods
for
research
life
science,
examples
use
biomedical
practice
discussed
detail.
Translational Vision Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(9), P. 3 - 3
Published: Sept. 2, 2022
Purpose:
We
employ
visible
light
optical
coherence
tomography
(OCT)
to
investigate
the
relationship
between
myoid,
ellipsoid,
and
band
2
in
living
human
retina.
Rather
than
refute
existing
theories,
we
aim
reveal
new
bands
better
delineate
structures
at
hand.
Methods:
An
upgraded
spectral/Fourier
domain
OCT
prototype,
with
1.0-µm
axial
resolution,
imaged
13
eyes
of
young
adult
subjects
(23–40
years
old)
without
a
history
ocular
pathology.
The
external
limiting
membrane
(band
1)
edges
were
segmented.
Reflectivity
was
examined
along
inner
segment
(IS),
defined
as
extending
from
1
center,
within
itself.
Results:
Images
highlight
nearly
continuously
resolved
extrafoveal
internal
membrane,
peripheral
single-cell
thick
ganglion
cell
layer,
photoreceptor
axonal
fiber
division
into
2a
2b,
reflectivity-based
IS
"m"
"e"
zones.
Discussion:
Topography
transverse
intensity
variations
outermost
2b
suggest
an
association
rods.
zone
border
is
consistent
myoid–ellipsoid
boundary,
even
recapitulating
well-documented
distribution
mitochondria
throughout
foveal
center.
Theories
outer
retinal
reflectivity
must
adequately
explain
these
observations.
Translational
Relevance:
Findings
support
that
does
partially
overlap
ellipsoid
transversally
averaged
images
due
length
dispersion
but
argue
be
2,
suggested
by
prior
quantitative
measurements.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
42(9), P. 113054 - 113054
Published: Aug. 31, 2023
Most
mutations
in
retinitis
pigmentosa
(RP)
arise
rod
photoreceptors,
but
cone
responsible
for
high-resolution
daylight
and
color
vision,
are
subsequently
affected,
causing
the
most
debilitating
features
of
disease.
We
used
mass
spectroscopy
to
follow
13C
metabolites
delivered
outer
retina
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
assess
photoreceptor
transcriptomes.
The
S
metabolic
transcriptome
suggests
engagement
TCA
cycle
ongoing
response
ROS
characteristic
oxidative
phosphorylation,
which
we
link
their
histone
modification
transcriptome.
Tumor
necrosis
factor
(TNF)
its
downstream
effector
RIP3,
drive
generation
via
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
induced
activated
as
cones
undergo
early
apoptosis
RP.
long/medium-wavelength
(L/M)
shows
enhanced
glycolytic
capacity,
maintains
function
RP
progresses.
Then,
extracellular
glucose
eventually
diminishes,
L/M
sustained
long-term
dormancy
by
lactate
metabolism.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(3), P. e0301372 - e0301372
Published: March 28, 2024
The
importance
of
mitochondria
in
tissue
homeostasis,
stress
responses
and
human
diseases,
combined
to
their
ability
transition
between
various
structural
functional
states,
makes
them
excellent
organelles
for
monitoring
cell
health.
There
is
therefore
a
need
technologies
accurately
analyze
quantify
changes
mitochondrial
organization
variety
cells
cellular
contexts.
Here
we
present
an
innovative
computerized
method
that
enables
accurate,
multiscale,
fast
cost-effective
analysis
shape
network
architecture
from
confocal
fluorescence
images
by
providing
more
than
thirty
features.
In
order
facilitate
interpretation
the
quantitative
results,
introduced
two
innovations:
use
Kiviat-graphs
(herein
named
MitoSpider
plots)
highly
multidimensional
data
visualization
mito-cellular
configurations
form
morphospace
diagrams
(called
MitoSigils).
We
tested
our
fully
automated
image
tool
on
rich
datasets
gathered
live
normal
skin
cultured
under
basal
conditions
or
exposed
specific
including
UVB
irradiation
pesticide
exposure.
demonstrated
proprietary
software
(named
MitoTouch)
sensitively
discriminate
control
stressed
dermal
fibroblasts,
fibroblasts
other
types
(including
cancer
tissue-derived
primary
keratinocytes),
showing
captures
subtle
differences
morphology.
Based
this
novel
algorithm,
report
identification
protective
natural
ingredient
mitigates
deleterious
impact
hydrogen
peroxide
(H2O2)
organization.
Hence
conceived
wet-plus-dry
pipeline
combining
cultures,
imaging
semiotic
exhaustive
morphology
living
adherent
cells.
Our
has
potential
broader
applications
research
areas
such
as
biology
medicine,
high-throughput
drug
screening
well
predictive
environmental
toxicology.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(6), P. 654 - 654
Published: June 4, 2024
The
retina,
a
tissue
of
the
central
nervous
system,
is
vital
for
vision
as
its
photoreceptors
capture
light
and
transform
it
into
electrical
signals,
which
are
further
processed
before
they
sent
to
brain
be
interpreted
images.
retina
unique
in
that
continuously
exposed
has
highest
metabolic
rate
demand
energy
amongst
all
tissues
body.
Consequently,
very
susceptible
oxidative
stress.
VDAC,
pore
outer
membrane
mitochondria,
shuttles
metabolites
between
mitochondria
cytosol
normally
protects
cells
from
damage,
but
when
cell’s
integrity
greatly
compromised
initiates
cell
death.
There
three
isoforms
existing
evidence
indicates
expressed
retina.
However,
their
precise
localization
function
each
type
unknown.
It
appears
most
retinal
express
substantial
amounts
VDAC2
VDAC3,
presumably
protect
them
Photoreceptors
VDAC2,
HK2,
PKM2—key
proteins
Warburg
pathway
also
these
cells.
Consistent
with
role
initiating
death,
VDAC
overexpressed
degenerative
diseases
retinitis
pigmentosa,
age
related
macular
degeneration
(AMD),
glaucoma.
Treatment
antioxidants
or
inhibiting
oligomerization
reduced
expression
improved
survival.
Thus,
may
promising
therapeutic
candidate
treatment
diseases.
Translational Vision Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(12), P. 19 - 19
Published: Dec. 13, 2024
Purpose:
For
structure-function
research
at
the
transition
of
aging
to
age-related
macular
degeneration,
we
refined
current
consensus
optical
coherence
tomography
(OCT)
nomenclature
and
evaluated
a
novel
review
software
for
investigational
high-resolution
OCT
imaging
(HR-OCT;
<3
µm
axial
resolution).
Method:
Volume
electron
microscopy,
immunolocalizations,
histology,
devices
informed
custom
ImageJ-based
tool
assess
retinal
band
visibility.
We
examined
effects
on
visibility
automated
real-time
averaging
(ART)
9
100
(11
eyes
10
healthy
young
adults),
(10
vs
22
aged),
degeneration
(AMD;
aged,
17
early
(e)AMD,
15
intermediate
(i)AMD).
Intrareader
reliability
was
assessed.
Results:
Bands
not
included
in
are
now
visible
using
HR-OCT:
inner
plexiform
layer
(IPL)
1-5,
outer
(OPL)
1-2,
segment
interdigitation
zone
1-2
(OSIZ,
including
hyporeflective
segments),
pigment
epithelium
(RPE)
1-5.
Cohen's
kappa
0.54–0.88
0.67–0.83
bands
subset
eyes.
IPL-3-5
OPL-2
benefitted
from
increased
ART.
OSIZ-2
RPE-1,2,3,5
worse
aged
than
OSIZ-1-2,
RPE-1,
RPE-5
decreased
eAMD
iAMD
compared
Conclusions:
reliably
identified
28
HR-OCT.
Image
improved
Aging
AMD
development
impacted
Translational
Significance:
Detailed
knowledge
anatomic
structures
will
enhance
precision
research,
AI
training
analyses.
