Advances in restoration ecology: rising to the challenges of the coming decades

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1 - 25

Published: Aug. 1, 2015

Simultaneous environmental changes challenge biodiversity persistence and human wellbeing. The science practice of restoration ecology, in collaboration with other disciplines, can contribute to overcoming these challenges. This endeavor requires a solid conceptual foundation based empirical research which confronts, tests influences theoretical developments. We review developments ecology over the last 30 years. frame our context changing goals reflect increased societal awareness scale degradation recognition that inter‐disciplinary approaches are needed tackle problems. Restoration now encompasses facilitative interactions network dynamics, trophic cascades, above‐ belowground linkages. It operates non‐equilibrium, alternative states framework, at landscape scale, response environmental, economic social conditions. Progress has been marked by advances fields trait‐environment relationships, community assembly, understanding links between ecosystem functioning. Conceptual practical have enhanced applying evolving technologies, including treatments increase seed germination overcome recruitment bottlenecks, high throughput DNA sequencing elucidate soil structure function, satellite technology GPS tracking monitor habitat use. synthesis technologies systematic reviews dependencies success, model analyses consideration complex socio‐ecological systems will allow generalizations inform evidence interventions. Ongoing challenges include setting realistic, socially acceptable for under conditions, prioritizing actions an increasingly space‐competitive world. Ethical questions also surround use genetically modified material, translocations, taxon substitutions, de‐extinction, ecology. Addressing issues, as Ecological Society America looks its next century, require current future generations researchers practitioners, economists, engineers, philosophers, architects, scientists ecologists, work together communities governments rise coming decades.

Language: Английский

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Marine natural products

Natural Product Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 382 - 431

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

This review of marine natural products for 2014 describes 1378 new compounds and reports structural revisions or assignments absolute configuration previously reported compounds. Since 1965 MNP chemists have made ∼9000 collections worldwide yielding ∼25 700 MNPs. The rate discovery MNPs by region is examined in this review.

Language: Английский

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Animal behaviour shapes the ecological effects of ocean acidification and warming: moving from individual to community‐level responses

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 974 - 989

Published: Dec. 23, 2015

Abstract Biological communities are shaped by complex interactions between organisms and their environment as well with other species. Humans rapidly changing the marine through increasing greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in ocean warming acidification. The first response animals to environmental change is predominantly modification of behaviour, which turn affects species ecological processes. Yet, many climate studies ignore animal behaviour. Furthermore, our current knowledge how global alters behaviour mostly restricted single species, life phases stressors, leading an incomplete view coinciding stressors can affect that structure biological communities. Here, we review on effects acidification animals. We demonstrate pervasive a wide range critical behaviours determine persistence success then evaluate several approaches studying acidification, identify gaps need be filled, better understand will populations altered behaviours. Our provides synthesis far‐reaching consequences behavioural changes could have for ecosystems environment. Without considering limit ability forecast impacts provide insights aid management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change, Coral Loss, and the Curious Case of the Parrotfish Paradigm: Why Don't Marine Protected Areas Improve Reef Resilience?

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 307 - 334

Published: Jan. 3, 2019

Scientists have advocated for local interventions, such as creating marine protected areas and implementing fishery restrictions, ways to mitigate stressors limit the effects of climate change on reef-building corals. However, in a literature review, we find little empirical support notion managed resilience. We outline some reasons why protection herbivorous fish (especially parrotfish) had effect coral One key explanation is that impacts (e.g., pollution fishing) are often swamped by much greater ocean warming Another sheer complexity (including numerous context dependencies) five cascading links assumed managed-resilience hypothesis. If reefs cannot be saved actions alone, then it time face reef degradation head-on, directly addressing anthropogenic change—the root cause global decline.

Language: Английский

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Social–environmental drivers inform strategic management of coral reefs in the Anthropocene

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(9), P. 1341 - 1350

Published: Aug. 12, 2019

Language: Английский

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Observed and Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture, Coastal Tourism, and Human Health: An Update

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: April 19, 2016

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) states that climate change and ocean acidification are altering the oceans at a rate is unprecedented compared with recent past, leading to multifaceted impacts marine ecosystems, associated goods services, human societies. AR5 underlined key uncertainties remain regarding how synergistic changes in likely affect systems, humans respond these events. As research has accelerated rapidly following AR5, an updated synthesis of available knowledge necessary identify emerging evidence, thereby better inform policy discussions. This paper reviews literature capture corroborating, conflicting, novel findings published cut-off date for contribution AR5. Specifically, we highlight scientific developments climate-induced socioeconomic sectors, including fisheries, aquaculture tourism. New evidence continues support redistribution benefits losses multiple scales across coastal socio-ecological partly resulting from species ecosystem range shifts primary productivity. efforts have been made characterize value services context change, specific relevance ecosystem-based adaptation. Recent studies also explored interactions between climatic drivers, found strong variability different life stages. Although may improve conditions some types freshwater aquaculture, potentially providing alternative opportunities adapt wild poses risk shellfish fisheries aquaculture. increased prevalence disease under warmer temperatures uncertain, detrimentally health. induce tourism flows, substantial geospatial economic costs revenue infrastructure protection repairs. While promising, adaptation approaches still emerging, require improved understanding values communities order assess risk, aid development planning, build decision systems.

Language: Английский

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Why conservation biology can benefit from sensory ecology

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 502 - 511

Published: March 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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From Marine Origin to Therapeutics: The Antitumor Potential of Marine Algae-Derived Compounds

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 6, 2018

Marine environment has demonstrated to be an interesting source of compounds with uncommon and unique chemical features on which the molecular modelling synthesis new drugs can based greater efficacy specificity for therapeutics. Cancer is a growing public health threat, despite advances in biomedical research technology, there urgent need development anticancer drugs. In this field, it estimated that more than 60% commercially available are natural biomimetic inspired. Among marine organisms, algae have been revealed one major sources origin, including those exhibiting antitumour cytotoxic potential by mediating specific inhibitory activities number key cellular processes, apoptosis pathways, angiogenesis, migration invasion both vitro vivo models, revealing their used as anti-cancer This review will focus bioactive molecules from potential, origin uses, special emphasis Sphaerococcus coronopifolius producer compounds.

Language: Английский

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Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points

Ecosystem health and sustainability, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 1(5), P. 1 - 18

Published: July 1, 2015

Abstract As climatic changes and human uses intensify, resource managers other decision makers are taking actions to either avoid or respond ecosystem tipping points, dramatic shifts in structure function that often costly hard reverse. Evidence indicates explicitly addressing points leads improved management outcomes. Drawing on theory examples from marine systems, we distill a set of seven principles guide effective ecosystems with derived the best available science. These based observations (1) possible everywhere, (2) associated intense and/or multifaceted use, (3) may be preceded by early‐warning indicators, (4) redistribute benefits among stakeholders, (5) affect relative costs action inaction, (6) suggest biologically informed targets, (7) require an adaptive response monitoring. We early preserve system resilience is likely more practical, affordable, than late halt reverse point. articulate conceptual approach focused linking targets thresholds, tracking signals instability, stepping up investment monitoring mitigation as likelihood change increases. This can simplify economize allowing capitalize increasing value precise information about threshold relationships when closer ensuring restoration effort sufficient tip into desired regime.

Language: Английский

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Sexual production of corals for reef restoration in the Anthropocene

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 635, P. 203 - 232

Published: Nov. 29, 2019

Coral-reef ecosystems are experiencing frequent and severe disturbance events that reducing global coral abundance potentially overwhelming the natural capacity for reefs to recover. While mitigation strategies climate warming other anthropogenic disturbances implemented, restoration programmes being established worldwide as an additional conservation measure minimise loss enhance recovery. Current efforts predominantly rely on asexually produced fragments—a process with inherent practical constraints genetic diversity conserved spatial scale achieved. Because resilience of communities has hitherto relied regular renewal recruits, scaling-up would benefit from greater use sexually corals, which is approach gaining momentum. Here we review present state knowledge scleractinian sexual reproduction in context reef restoration, a focus broadcast-spawning corals. We identify key gaps bottlenecks currently constrain production corals consider feasibility using reef- reef-system scales.

Language: Английский

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