The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 72 - 89

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Concepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits controlled automatic processing, related to the functions prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions networks. A psychometric approach shows unity diversity CC constructs, 3 components most commonly studied constructs: general or common specific mental set shifting working memory updating. These constructs considered against cellular systems neurobiology PFC what is known its functional neuroanatomical network organization based on lesioning, neurochemical, neuroimaging approaches across species. also context motivation, as "cool" "hot" forms. Its Common component shown be distinct from intelligence (g) closely response inhibition. Impairments possible causes psychiatric symptoms consequences disorders. The factor psychopathology (p) dimensional such impulsivity large scale developmental adult populations considered, well implications for genetic studies RDoC classification.

Language: Английский

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ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 20, 2020

Abstract This review summarizes the last decade of work by ENIGMA ( E nhancing N euro I maging G enetics through M eta A nalysis) Consortium, a global alliance over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered first robustly replicated loci associated with metrics, has diversified into 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data expertise to answer fundamental questions neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, genetics. Most WGs focus specific psychiatric neurological conditions, other study normal variation due sex gender differences, or development aging; still develop methodological pipelines tools facilitate harmonized analyses “big data” (i.e., epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded largest neuroimaging date schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive post-traumatic stress substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive attention-deficit/hyperactivity autism spectrum epilepsy, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent formed anxiety suicidal thoughts behavior, sleep insomnia, eating irritability, injury, antisocial personality conduct dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize ENIGMA’s activities ongoing projects, describe successes challenges encountered along way. We highlight advantages collaborative coordinated for testing reproducibility robustness findings, offering opportunity identify systems involved clinical syndromes diverse samples genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, psychosocial factors.

Language: Английский

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Neurodevelopment of the association cortices: Patterns, mechanisms, and implications for psychopathology

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(18), P. 2820 - 2846

Published: July 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Cross-Disorder Analysis of Brain Structural Abnormalities in Six Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Secondary Analysis of Mega- and Meta-analytical Findings From the ENIGMA Consortium

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 88(9), P. 678 - 686

Published: May 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Brain aging in major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 5124 - 5139

Published: May 18, 2020

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced aging in adult MDD patients, whether this process clinical characteristics a large multicenter international dataset. performed mega-analysis by pooling measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans 19 samples worldwide. Healthy was estimated predicting chronological age (18–75 years) 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness surface area, lateral ventricles total intracranial volume separately 952 male 1236 female controls the ENIGMA working group. The learned model coefficients were applied to 927 986 depressed males, 1199 1689 females obtain independent unbiased brain-based predictions. difference between predicted “brain age” calculated indicate brain-predicted (brain-PAD). On average, patients showed higher brain-PAD +1.08 (SE 0.22) years (Cohen’s d = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08–0.20) compared controls. However, did not seem be driven specific (recurrent status, remission antidepressant medication use, onset, or symptom severity). This highly powered collaborative effort subtle patterns age-related structural abnormalities MDD. Substantial within-group variance overlap groups observed. Longitudinal studies somatic health outcomes are needed further assess value these estimates.

Language: Английский

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Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 431 - 451

Published: Feb. 17, 2021

Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given with cognition behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates between brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 aged 3-90 years Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes thickness. We fractional polynomial (FP) regression quantify thickness, computed normalized growth centiles using parametric Lambda, Mu, Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated meta-analysis one-way analysis variance. For most regions, their highest value observed childhood. Age showed a negative association; slope steeper up third decade life more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, anterior cingulate cortices. largest temporal frontal regions across lifespan. its FP combinations explained 59% variance These results may form basis further investigation on normative deviation significance for behavioral cognitive outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Development of prefrontal cortex

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 41 - 57

Published: Oct. 13, 2021

Abstract During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and introduction of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which prefrontal (PFC) is considered to be substrate highest cognitive functions. Although neurons PFC are generated before birth, differentiation its development synaptic connections humans extend 3rd decade life. this period, synapses as well neurotransmitter systems including their receptors transporters, initially overproduced followed selective elimination. Advanced methods applied human animal models, enable investigation cellular mechanisms role specific genes, non-coding regulatory elements signaling molecules control neuronal production phenotypic fate, migration establish layering PFC. Likewise, various genetic approaches combination with functional assays immunohistochemical imaging reveal roles during maturation Disruption, or even a slight slowing rate production, synaptogenesis environmental factors, can induce gross subtle changes that eventually lead impairment. An understanding evolution provide insight into pathogenesis treatment congenital neuropsychiatric diseases idiopathic developmental disorders cause intellectual disabilities.

Language: Английский

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Kidney damage causally affects the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 103592 - 103592

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

BackgroundAlterations in the brain cortical structures of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported; however, cause has not determined yet. Herein, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to reveal causal effect damage on structure.MethodsGenome-wide association studies summary data estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 480,698 participants from CKDGen Consortium were identify genetically predicted eGFR. Data 567,460 individuals assess CKD; 302,687 UK Biobank evaluate albuminuria. Further, 51,665 ENIGMA relationship between genetic predisposition and reduced eGFR, CKD, progressive albuminuria alterations thickness (TH) or surficial area (SA) brain. Magnetic resonance imaging was measure SA TH globally 34 functional regions. Inverse-variance weighted as primary estimate whereas MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum Outlier, MR-Egger median detect heterogeneity pleiotropy.FindingsAt global level, decreased (β = −0.07 mm, 95% CI: −0.12 mm −0.02 P 0.004); at pars opercularis gyrus without −0.11 −0.16 3.74×10−6). No pleiotropy detected.InterpretationKidney causally influences cortex structure which suggests existence a kidney-brain axis.FundingThis study supported by Science Technology Planning Project Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2020A1515111119 2017B020227007), National Key Research Development Program China 2018YFA0902803), Natural Foundation 81825016, 81961128027, 81772719, 81772728), Areas 2018B010109006), Special Support (2017TX04R246), Grant KLB09001 Laboratory Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation Target Therapy Higher Education Institutes, Grants Department (2020B1212060018).

Language: Английский

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ENIGMA MDD: seven years of global neuroimaging studies of major depression through worldwide data sharing

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 29, 2020

Abstract A key objective in the field of translational psychiatry over past few decades has been to identify brain correlates major depressive disorder (MDD). Identifying measurable indicators processes associated with MDD could facilitate detection individuals at risk, and development novel treatments, monitoring treatment effects, predicting who might benefit most from treatments that target specific mechanisms. However, despite intensive neuroimaging research towards this effort, underpowered studies a lack reproducible findings have hindered progress. Here, we discuss work ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Consortium, which was established address issues poor replication, unreliable results, overestimation effect sizes previous studies. The Consortium currently includes data 45 study cohorts 14 countries across six continents. primary aim is structural functional alterations can be reliably detected replicated worldwide. secondary goal investigate how demographic, genetic, clinical, psychological, environmental factors affect these associations. In review, summarize disease working group date future directions. We also highlight challenges benefits large-scale sharing for mental health research.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the genetic determinants of the brain with MOSTest

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 14, 2020

Abstract Regional brain morphology has a complex genetic architecture, consisting of many common polymorphisms with small individual effects. This proven challenging for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Due to the distributed nature signal across regions, multivariate analysis regional measures may enhance discovery variants. Current approaches GWAS are ill-suited complex, large-scale data this kind. Here, we introduce Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest), an efficient computational design enabling rapid and reliable inference, apply it 171 from 26,502 UK Biobank participants. At conventional significance threshold α = 5 × 10 −8 , MOSTest identifies 347 genomic loci associated morphology, more than any previous study, improving upon established threefold. Our findings implicate 5% all protein-coding genes provide evidence gene sets involved in neuron development differentiation.

Language: Английский

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