Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
83, P. 102798 - 102798
Published: Oct. 30, 2023
The
degeneration
of
mesencephalic
dopaminergic
neurons
that
innervate
the
basal
ganglia
is
responsible
for
cardinal
motor
symptoms
Parkinson's
disease
(PD).
It
has
been
thought
loss
signaling
in
one
region
-
striatum
was
solely
network
pathophysiology
causing
PD
symptoms.
While
our
understanding
dopamine
(DA)'s
role
modulating
striatal
circuitry
deepened
recent
years,
it
also
become
clear
acts
other
regions
to
influence
movement.
Underscoring
this
point,
examination
a
new
progressive
mouse
model
shows
DA
depletion
alone
not
sufficient
induce
parkinsonism
and
restoration
extra-striatal
attenuates
parkinsonian
deficits
once
they
appear.
This
review
summarizes
advances
effort
understand
circuitry,
its
modulation
by
DA,
how
dysfunction
drives
Pharmacological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
75(3), P. 532 - 553
Published: Jan. 10, 2023
The
development
of
cutting-edge
techniques
to
study
specific
brain
regions
and
neural
circuits
that
regulate
sleep–wake
states
general
anesthesia
(GA),
has
increased
our
understanding
these
exhibit
similar
neurophysiologic
traits.
This
review
summarizes
current
knowledge
focusing
on
cell
subtypes
control
wakefulness,
rapid
eye
movement
(REM)
sleep,
non-REM
GA.
We
also
novel
insights
into
their
interactions
raise
unresolved
questions
challenges
in
this
field.
Comparisons
the
overlapping
substrates
GA
regulation
will
help
us
understand
transitions
how
anesthetics
cause
reversible
loss
consciousness.
Significance
Statement
General
sharing
numerous
traits
with
process
natural
is
administered
millions
surgical
patients
annually.
In
past
decade,
studies
exploring
mechanisms
underlying
have
advanced
Pharmacotherapies
targeting
associated
regulations
significance
for
clinical
practice
sleep
medicine.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: May 13, 2021
Animal
behavior
usually
has
a
hierarchical
structure
and
dynamics.
Therefore,
to
understand
how
the
neural
system
coordinates
with
behaviors,
neuroscientists
need
quantitative
description
of
dynamics
different
behaviors.
However,
recent
end-to-end
machine-learning-based
methods
for
analysis
mostly
focus
on
recognizing
behavioral
identities
static
timescale
or
based
limited
observations.
These
approaches
lose
rich
dynamic
information
cross-scale
Here,
inspired
by
natural
animal
we
address
this
challenge
proposing
parallel
multi-layered
framework
learn
generate
an
objective
metric
map
into
feature
space.
In
addition,
characterize
3D
kinematics
our
low-cost
efficient
multi-view
motion-capture
system.
Finally,
demonstrate
that
can
monitor
spontaneous
automatically
identify
phenotypes
transgenic
disease
model.
The
extensive
experiment
results
suggest
wide
range
applications,
including
model
phenotyping
relationships
modeling
between
circuits
behavior.
Subthalamic
nucleus
deep
brain
stimulation
(STN
DBS)
relieves
many
motor
symptoms
of
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
but
its
underlying
therapeutic
mechanisms
remain
unclear.
Since
advent,
three
major
theories
have
been
proposed:
(1)
DBS
inhibits
the
STN
and
basal
ganglia
output;
(2)
antidromically
activates
cortex;
(3)
disrupts
firing
dynamics
within
STN.
Previously,
stimulation-related
electrical
artifacts
limited
mechanistic
investigations
using
electrophysiology.
We
used
artifact-free
GCaMP
fiber
photometry
to
investigate
activity
in
nuclei
during
parkinsonian
mice.
To
test
whether
observed
changes
were
sufficient
relieve
symptoms,
we
then
combined
electrophysiological
recording
with
targeted
optical
protocols.
Our
findings
suggest
that
exerts
effect
through
disruption
movement-related
activity,
rather
than
inhibition
or
antidromic
activation.
These
results
provide
insight
into
optimizing
PD
treatments
establish
an
approach
for
investigating
other
neuropsychiatric
conditions.
