NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
253, P. 119047 - 119047
Published: March 8, 2022
Magnetoencephalography
(MEG)
allows
for
quantifying
modulations
of
human
neuronal
activity
on
a
millisecond
time
scale
while
also
making
it
possible
to
estimate
the
location
underlying
sources.
The
technique
relies
heavily
signal
processing
and
source
modelling.
To
this
end,
there
are
several
open-source
toolboxes
developed
by
community.
While
these
powerful
as
they
provide
wealth
options
analyses,
many
pose
challenge
reproducible
research
well
researchers
new
field.
FLUX
pipeline
aims
make
analyses
steps
setting
explicit
standard
analysis
done
in
cognitive
neuroscience.
It
focuses
localization
oscillatory
brain
activity,
but
can
be
used
event-related
fields
multivariate
pattern
analysis.
is
derived
from
Cogitate
consortium
addressing
set
concrete
neuroscience
questions.
Specifically,
including
documented
code
defined
MNE
Python
(a
toolbox)
FieldTrip
Matlab
toolbox),
data
visuospatial
attention
illustrate
steps.
scripts
provided
notebooks
implemented
Jupyter
Notebook
MATLAB
Live
Editor
providing
explanations,
justifications
graphical
outputs
essential
Furthermore,
we
suggestions
text
parameter
settings
registrations
publications
improve
replicability
facilitate
pre-registrations.
education
either
self-studies
or
guided
workshops.
We
expect
that
will
strengthen
field
MEG
some
standardization
basic
aligning
approaches
across
toolboxes.
aim
support
entering
training.
not
meant
static;
evolve
with
development
insights.
anticipated
increase
systems
based
Optically
Pumped
Magnetometers,
embrace
developments.
Frontiers in Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
1
Published: Feb. 28, 2023
Recent
advances
in
human
stem
cell-derived
brain
organoids
promise
to
replicate
critical
molecular
and
cellular
aspects
of
learning
memory
possibly
cognition
vitro
.
Coining
the
term
“organoid
intelligence”
(OI)
encompass
these
developments,
we
present
a
collaborative
program
implement
vision
multidisciplinary
field
OI.
This
aims
establish
OI
as
form
genuine
biological
computing
that
harnesses
using
scientific
bioengineering
an
ethically
responsible
manner.
Standardized,
3D,
myelinated
can
now
be
produced
with
high
cell
density
enriched
levels
glial
cells
gene
expression
for
learning.
Integrated
microfluidic
perfusion
systems
support
scalable
durable
culturing,
spatiotemporal
chemical
signaling.
Novel
3D
microelectrode
arrays
permit
high-resolution
electrophysiological
signaling
recording
explore
capacity
recapitulate
mechanisms
formation
and,
ultimately,
their
computational
potential.
Technologies
could
enable
novel
biocomputing
models
via
stimulus-response
training
organoid-computer
interfaces
are
development.
We
envisage
complex,
networked
whereby
connected
real-world
sensors
output
devices,
ultimately
each
other
sensory
organ
(e.g.
retinal
organoids),
trained
biofeedback,
big-data
warehousing,
machine
methods.
In
parallel,
emphasize
embedded
ethics
approach
analyze
ethical
raised
by
research
iterative,
manner
involving
all
relevant
stakeholders.
The
many
possible
applications
this
urge
strategic
development
discipline.
anticipate
OI-based
allow
faster
decision-making,
continuous
during
tasks,
greater
energy
data
efficiency.
Furthermore,
“intelligence-in-a-dish”
help
elucidate
pathophysiology
devastating
developmental
degenerative
diseases
(such
dementia),
potentially
aiding
identification
therapeutic
approaches
address
major
global
unmet
needs.
PLoS Computational Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(10), P. e1011465 - e1011465
Published: Oct. 17, 2023
This
paper
presents
Integrated
Information
Theory
(IIT)
4.0.
IIT
aims
to
account
for
the
properties
of
experience
in
physical
(operational)
terms.
It
identifies
essential
(axioms),
infers
necessary
and
sufficient
that
its
substrate
must
satisfy
(postulates),
expresses
them
mathematical
In
principle,
postulates
can
be
applied
any
system
units
a
state
determine
whether
it
is
conscious,
what
degree,
way.
offers
parsimonious
explanation
empirical
evidence,
makes
testable
predictions
concerning
both
presence
quality
experience,
permits
inferences
extrapolations.
4.0
incorporates
several
developments
past
ten
years,
including
more
accurate
formulation
axioms
as
expressions,
introduction
unique
measure
intrinsic
information
consistent
with
postulates,
an
explicit
assessment
causal
relations.
By
fully
unfolding
system's
irreducible
cause-effect
power,
distinctions
relations
specified
by
experience.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: March 22, 2022
Abstract
A
major
debate
about
the
neural
correlates
of
conscious
perception
concerns
its
cortical
organization,
namely,
whether
it
includes
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC),
which
mediates
executive
functions,
or
is
constrained
within
posterior
cortices.
It
has
been
suggested
that
PFC
activity
during
paradigms
investigating
conflated
with
post-perceptual
processes
associated
reporting
contents
consciousness
feedforward
signals
originating
from
exogenous
stimulus
manipulations
and
relayed
via
areas.
We
addressed
this
by
simultaneously
probing
neuronal
populations
in
rhesus
macaque
(Macaca
mulatta)
a
no-report
paradigm,
capable
instigating
internally
generated
transitions
perception,
without
changes
visual
stimulation.
find
feature-selective
neurons
are
modulated
concomitantly
subjective
perceptual
suppression
their
preferred
both
externally
induced
perception.
Importantly,
enables
reliable
single-trial,
population
decoding
contents.
Control
experiments
confirm
significant
contents,
even
when
oculomotor
responses,
used
for
inferring
suppressed.
These
findings
suggest
reliably
reflected
absence
volitional
reports
sensory
input.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
66(18), P. 12651 - 12677
Published: Sept. 6, 2023
Target-based
drug
discovery
is
the
dominant
paradigm
of
discovery;
however,
a
comprehensive
evaluation
its
real-world
efficiency
lacking.
Here,
manual
systematic
review
about
32000
articles
and
patents
dating
back
to
150
years
ago
demonstrates
apparent
inefficiency.
Analyzing
origins
all
approved
drugs
reveals
that,
despite
several
decades
dominance,
only
9.4%
small-molecule
have
been
discovered
through
"target-based"
assays.
Moreover,
therapeutic
effects
even
this
minimal
share
cannot
be
solely
attributed
reduced
their
purported
targets,
as
they
depend
on
numerous
off-target
mechanisms
unconsciously
incorporated
by
phenotypic
observations.
The
data
suggest
that
reductionist
target-based
may
cause
productivity
crisis
in
discovery.
An
evidence-based
approach
enhance
seems
prioritizing,
selecting
optimizing
molecules,
higher-level
observations
are
closer
sought-after
using
tools
like
artificial
intelligence
machine
learning.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(2), P. e0268577 - e0268577
Published: Feb. 10, 2023
The
relationship
between
conscious
experience
and
brain
activity
has
intrigued
scientists
philosophers
for
centuries.
In
the
last
decades,
several
theories
have
suggested
different
accounts
these
relationships.
These
developed
in
parallel,
with
little
to
no
cross-talk
among
them.
To
advance
research
on
consciousness,
we
established
an
adversarial
collaboration
proponents
of
two
major
field,
Global
Neuronal
Workspace
Integrated
Information
Theory.
Together,
devised
preregistered
experiments
that
test
contrasting
predictions
concerning
location
timing
correlates
visual
which
been
endorsed
by
theories’
proponents.
Predicted
outcomes
should
either
support,
refute,
or
challenge
theories.
Six
theory-impartial
laboratories
will
follow
study
protocol
specified
here,
using
three
complementary
methods:
Functional
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging
(fMRI),
Magneto-Electroencephalography
(M-EEG),
intracranial
electroencephalography
(iEEG).
include
built-in
replications,
both
labs
within
datasets.
Through
this
ambitious
undertaking,
hope
provide
decisive
evidence
favor
against
clarify
footprints
perception
human
brain,
while
also
providing
innovative
model
large-scale,
collaborative,
open
science
practice.
Network Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7(3), P. 864 - 905
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Progress
in
scientific
disciplines
is
accompanied
by
standardization
of
terminology.
Network
neuroscience,
at
the
level
macroscale
organization
brain,
beginning
to
confront
challenges
associated
with
developing
a
taxonomy
its
fundamental
explanatory
constructs.
The
Workgroup
for
HArmonized
Taxonomy
NETworks
(WHATNET)
was
formed
2020
as
an
Organization
Human
Brain
Mapping
(OHBM)-endorsed
best
practices
committee
provide
recommendations
on
points
consensus,
identify
open
questions,
and
highlight
areas
ongoing
debate
service
moving
field
toward
standardized
reporting
network
neuroscience
results.
conducted
survey
catalog
current
large-scale
brain
nomenclature.
A
few
well-known
names
(e.g.,
default
mode
network)
dominated
responses
survey,
number
illuminating
disagreement
emerged.
We
summarize
results
initial
considerations
from
workgroup.
This
perspective
piece
includes
selective
review
this
enterprise,
including
(1)
scale,
resolution,
hierarchies;
(2)
interindividual
variability
networks;
(3)
dynamics
nonstationarity
(4)
consideration
affiliations
subcortical
structures;
(5)
multimodal
information.
close
minimal
guidelines
cognitive
communities
adopt.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 26, 2023
Summary
Different
theories
explain
how
subjective
experience
arises
from
brain
activity
1,2
.
These
have
independently
accrued
evidence,
yet,
confirmation
bias
and
dependence
on
design
choices
hamper
progress
in
the
field
3
Here,
we
present
an
open
science
adversarial
collaboration
which
directly
juxtaposes
Integrated
Information
Theory
(IIT)
4,5
Global
Neuronal
Workspace
(GNWT)
6–10
,
employing
a
theory-neutral
consortium
approach
11,12
We
investigate
neural
correlates
of
content
duration
visual
experience.
The
theory
proponents
developed
preregistered
experimental
design,
divergent
predictions,
expected
outcomes,
their
interpretation
12
256
human
subjects
viewed
suprathreshold
stimuli
for
variable
durations
while
was
measured
with
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
magnetoencephalography,
electrocorticography.
find
information
about
conscious
visual,
ventro-temporal
inferior
frontal
cortex,
sustained
responses
occipital
lateral
temporal
cortex
reflecting
stimulus
duration,
content-specific
synchronization
between
early
areas.
results
confirm
some
predictions
IIT
GNWT,
substantially
challenging
both
theories:
IIT,
lack
within
posterior
contradicts
claim
that
network
connectivity
specifies
consciousness.
GNWT
is
challenged
by
general
ignition
at
offset
limited
representation
certain
dimensions
prefrontal
cortex.
Beyond
themselves,
alternative
to
advance
cognitive
neuroscience
through
principled,
theory-driven,
collaborative
effort.
highlight
challenges
change
people’s
mind
13
need
quantitative
framework
integrating
evidence
systematic
testing
building.