Theories of consciousness

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 439 - 452

Published: May 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Recent advances in human stem cell-derived brain organoids promise to replicate critical molecular and cellular aspects of learning memory possibly cognition vitro . Coining the term “organoid intelligence” (OI) encompass these developments, we present a collaborative program implement vision multidisciplinary field OI. This aims establish OI as form genuine biological computing that harnesses using scientific bioengineering an ethically responsible manner. Standardized, 3D, myelinated can now be produced with high cell density enriched levels glial cells gene expression for learning. Integrated microfluidic perfusion systems support scalable durable culturing, spatiotemporal chemical signaling. Novel 3D microelectrode arrays permit high-resolution electrophysiological signaling recording explore capacity recapitulate mechanisms formation and, ultimately, their computational potential. Technologies could enable novel biocomputing models via stimulus-response training organoid-computer interfaces are development. We envisage complex, networked whereby connected real-world sensors output devices, ultimately each other sensory organ (e.g. retinal organoids), trained biofeedback, big-data warehousing, machine methods. In parallel, emphasize embedded ethics approach analyze ethical raised by research iterative, manner involving all relevant stakeholders. The many possible applications this urge strategic development discipline. anticipate OI-based allow faster decision-making, continuous during tasks, greater energy data efficiency. Furthermore, “intelligence-in-a-dish” help elucidate pathophysiology devastating developmental degenerative diseases (such dementia), potentially aiding identification therapeutic approaches address major global unmet needs.

Language: Английский

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Integrated information theory (IIT) 4.0: Formulating the properties of phenomenal existence in physical terms

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. e1011465 - e1011465

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

This paper presents Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 4.0. IIT aims to account for the properties of experience in physical (operational) terms. It identifies essential (axioms), infers necessary and sufficient that its substrate must satisfy (postulates), expresses them mathematical In principle, postulates can be applied any system units a state determine whether it is conscious, what degree, way. offers parsimonious explanation empirical evidence, makes testable predictions concerning both presence quality experience, permits inferences extrapolations. 4.0 incorporates several developments past ten years, including more accurate formulation axioms as expressions, introduction unique measure intrinsic information consistent with postulates, an explicit assessment causal relations. By fully unfolding system's irreducible cause-effect power, distinctions relations specified by experience.

Language: Английский

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The ConTraSt database for analysing and comparing empirical studies of consciousness theories

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 593 - 604

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Decoding internally generated transitions of conscious contents in the prefrontal cortex without subjective reports

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 22, 2022

Abstract A major debate about the neural correlates of conscious perception concerns its cortical organization, namely, whether it includes prefrontal cortex (PFC), which mediates executive functions, or is constrained within posterior cortices. It has been suggested that PFC activity during paradigms investigating conflated with post-perceptual processes associated reporting contents consciousness feedforward signals originating from exogenous stimulus manipulations and relayed via areas. We addressed this by simultaneously probing neuronal populations in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) a no-report paradigm, capable instigating internally generated transitions perception, without changes visual stimulation. find feature-selective neurons are modulated concomitantly subjective perceptual suppression their preferred both externally induced perception. Importantly, enables reliable single-trial, population decoding contents. Control experiments confirm significant contents, even when oculomotor responses, used for inferring suppressed. These findings suggest reliably reflected absence volitional reports sensory input.

Language: Английский

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Temporo-spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC) – Bridging the gap of neuronal activity and phenomenal states

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 424, P. 113788 - 113788

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Is Target-Based Drug Discovery Efficient? Discovery and “Off-Target” Mechanisms of All Drugs

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(18), P. 12651 - 12677

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

Target-based drug discovery is the dominant paradigm of discovery; however, a comprehensive evaluation its real-world efficiency lacking. Here, manual systematic review about 32000 articles and patents dating back to 150 years ago demonstrates apparent inefficiency. Analyzing origins all approved drugs reveals that, despite several decades dominance, only 9.4% small-molecule have been discovered through "target-based" assays. Moreover, therapeutic effects even this minimal share cannot be solely attributed reduced their purported targets, as they depend on numerous off-target mechanisms unconsciously incorporated by phenotypic observations. The data suggest that reductionist target-based may cause productivity crisis in discovery. An evidence-based approach enhance seems prioritizing, selecting optimizing molecules, higher-level observations are closer sought-after using tools like artificial intelligence machine learning.

Language: Английский

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An adversarial collaboration protocol for testing contrasting predictions of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theory

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. e0268577 - e0268577

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

The relationship between conscious experience and brain activity has intrigued scientists philosophers for centuries. In the last decades, several theories have suggested different accounts these relationships. These developed in parallel, with little to no cross-talk among them. To advance research on consciousness, we established an adversarial collaboration proponents of two major field, Global Neuronal Workspace Integrated Information Theory. Together, devised preregistered experiments that test contrasting predictions concerning location timing correlates visual which been endorsed by theories’ proponents. Predicted outcomes should either support, refute, or challenge theories. Six theory-impartial laboratories will follow study protocol specified here, using three complementary methods: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Magneto-Electroencephalography (M-EEG), intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). include built-in replications, both labs within datasets. Through this ambitious undertaking, hope provide decisive evidence favor against clarify footprints perception human brain, while also providing innovative model large-scale, collaborative, open science practice.

Language: Английский

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Controversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclature

Network Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 864 - 905

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Progress in scientific disciplines is accompanied by standardization of terminology. Network neuroscience, at the level macroscale organization brain, beginning to confront challenges associated with developing a taxonomy its fundamental explanatory constructs. The Workgroup for HArmonized Taxonomy NETworks (WHATNET) was formed 2020 as an Organization Human Brain Mapping (OHBM)-endorsed best practices committee provide recommendations on points consensus, identify open questions, and highlight areas ongoing debate service moving field toward standardized reporting network neuroscience results. conducted survey catalog current large-scale brain nomenclature. A few well-known names (e.g., default mode network) dominated responses survey, number illuminating disagreement emerged. We summarize results initial considerations from workgroup. This perspective piece includes selective review this enterprise, including (1) scale, resolution, hierarchies; (2) interindividual variability networks; (3) dynamics nonstationarity (4) consideration affiliations subcortical structures; (5) multimodal information. close minimal guidelines cognitive communities adopt.

Language: Английский

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An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 26, 2023

Summary Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity 1,2 . These have independently accrued evidence, yet, confirmation bias and dependence on design choices hamper progress in the field 3 Here, we present an open science adversarial collaboration which directly juxtaposes Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 4,5 Global Neuronal Workspace (GNWT) 6–10 , employing a theory-neutral consortium approach 11,12 We investigate neural correlates of content duration visual experience. The theory proponents developed preregistered experimental design, divergent predictions, expected outcomes, their interpretation 12 256 human subjects viewed suprathreshold stimuli for variable durations while was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, electrocorticography. find information about conscious visual, ventro-temporal inferior frontal cortex, sustained responses occipital lateral temporal cortex reflecting stimulus duration, content-specific synchronization between early areas. results confirm some predictions IIT GNWT, substantially challenging both theories: IIT, lack within posterior contradicts claim that network connectivity specifies consciousness. GNWT is challenged by general ignition at offset limited representation certain dimensions prefrontal cortex. Beyond themselves, alternative to advance cognitive neuroscience through principled, theory-driven, collaborative effort. highlight challenges change people’s mind 13 need quantitative framework integrating evidence systematic testing building.

Language: Английский

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