Responsive Alternative Splicing Events of Opisthopappus Species against Salt Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1227 - 1227

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Salt stress profoundly affects plant growth, prompting intricate molecular responses, such as alternative splicing (AS), for environmental adaptation. However, the response of AS events to salt in Opisthopappus (Opisthopappus taihangensis and longilobus) remains unclear, which is a Taihang Mountain cliff-dwelling species. Using RNA-seq data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under time concentration gradients stress. Two types AS, skipped exon (SE) mutually exclusive exons (MXE), found. Differentially (DAS) both species significantly enriched “protein phosphorylation”, “starch sucrose metabolism”, “plant hormone signal transduction” pathways. Meanwhile, distinct GO terms KEGG pathways DAS occurred between two Only small subset overlapped with DEGs Although likely adopted protein phosphorylation enhance tolerance, they exhibited responses. The results indicated that mechanisms similarities differences stress, suggested adaptive divergence might have them. This study initially provides comprehensive description responsive conveys some insights into behind tolerance on Mountains.

Language: Английский

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CONSTANS, a HUB for all seasons: How photoperiod pervades plant physiology regulatory circuits

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 2086 - 2102

Published: March 21, 2024

Abstract How does a plant detect the changing seasons and make important developmental decisions accordingly? do they incorporate daylength information into their routine physiological processes? Photoperiodism, or capacity to measure daylength, is crucial aspect of development that helps plants determine best time year vital decisions, such as flowering. The protein CONSTANS (CO) constitutes central regulator this sensing mechanism, not only activating florigen production in leaves but also participating many aspects which seasonality important. Recent discoveries place CO center gene network can length day confer seasonal input physiology senescence, seed size, circadian rhythms. In review, we discuss importance structure, function, evolutionary mechanisms embryophytes have developed annual physiology.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering spike architecture formation towards yield improvement in wheat

Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(11), P. 835 - 845

Published: March 11, 2023

Wheat is the most widely grown crop globally, providing 20% of daily consumed calories and protein content around world. With growing global population frequent occurrence extreme weather caused by climate change, ensuring adequate wheat production essential for food security. The architecture inflorescence plays a crucial role in determining grain number size, which key trait improving yield. Recent advances genomics gene cloning techniques have improved our understanding spike development its applications breeding practices. Here, we summarize genetic regulation network governing formation, strategies used identifying studying factors affecting architecture, progress made applications. Additionally, highlight future directions that will aid regulatory mechanistic study determination targeted yield improvement.

Language: Английский

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A molecular framework for grain number determination in barley

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(9)

Published: March 3, 2023

Flowering plants with indeterminate inflorescences often produce more floral structures than they require. We found that primordia initiations in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are molecularly decoupled from their maturation into grains. While initiation is dominated by flowering-time genes, growth specified light signaling, chloroplast, and vascular developmental programs orchestrated CCT MOTIF FAMILY 4 (HvCMF4), which expressed the inflorescence vasculature. Consequently, mutations HvCMF4 increase death pollination failure, mainly through reducing rachis greening limiting plastidial energy supply to developing heterotrophic tissues. propose a sensory factor for acts connection vascular-localized circadian clock coordinate survival. Notably, stacking beneficial alleles both number survival provides positive implications on grain production. Our findings provide insights molecular underpinnings of determination cereal crops.

Language: Английский

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Genome-edited TaTFL1-5 mutation decreases tiller and spikelet numbers in common wheat

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Tillering is a critical agronomic trait of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that determines the shoot architecture and affects grain yield. TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), encoding phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, implicated in transition to flowering plant development. However, roles TFL1 homologs little known CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis was used this study generate set (Fielder) mutants with single, double or triple-null tatfl1-5 alleles. The mutations decreased tiller number per vegetative growth stage effective spikelet spike at maturity field. RNA-seq analysis showed expression auxin signaling-related cytokinin genes significantly changed axillary buds mutant seedlings. results suggested TaTFL1-5s were regulation by signaling.

Language: Английский

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Photoperiod-1 regulates the wheat inflorescence transcriptome to influence spikelet architecture and flowering time

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 2330 - 2343.e4

Published: May 22, 2024

Photoperiod insensitivity has been selected by breeders to help adapt crops diverse environments and farming practices. In wheat, insensitive alleles of Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) relieve the requirement long daylengths flower promoting expression floral genes early in season; however, these also limit yield reducing number fertility grain-producing florets through processes that are poorly understood. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis developing inflorescence using near-isogenic lines contain either photoperiod-insensitive or null Ppd-1, during stages when spikelet is determined floret development initiates. We report Ppd-1 influences stage-specific with roles auxin signaling, meristem identity, protein turnover, differentially expressed transcripts identified bZIP ALOG transcription factors, namely PDB1 ALOG1, which regulate flowering time architecture. These findings enhance our understanding introduce new targets for improving potential.

Language: Английский

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Detecting Wheat Heads from UAV Low-Altitude Remote Sensing Images Using Deep Learning Based on Transformer

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 5141 - 5141

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

The object detection method based on deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) significantly improves the performance of wheat head images obtained from near ground. Nevertheless, for different stages, high density, and overlaps captured by aerial-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), existing learning-based methods often have poor effects. Since receptive field CNN is usually small, it not conducive to capture global features. visual Transformer can information an image; hence we introduce improve effect reduce computation network. Three networks are designed developed, including two-stage FR-Transformer one-stage R-Transformer Y-Transformer. Compared with various other prevalent methods, our outperforms them 88.3% AP50 38.5% AP75. experiments represent that gratify requirements rapid precise heads UAV in a certain extent. These more relevant direct provide reliable reference further estimation yield.

Language: Английский

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Involvement of CONSTANS-like Proteins in Plant Flowering and Abiotic Stress Response

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 16585 - 16585

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

The process of flowering in plants is a pivotal stage their life cycle, and the CONSTANS-like (COL) protein family, known for its photoperiod sensing ability, plays crucial role regulating plant flowering. Over past two decades, homologous genes COL have been identified various species, leading to significant advancements comprehending involvement pathway response abiotic stress. This article presents novel research progress on structural aspects proteins regulatory patterns within transcription complexes. Additionally, we reviewed recent information about participation stress response, aiming provide more comprehensive understanding functions proteins.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering genetic basis of developmental and agronomic traits by integrating high‐throughput optical phenotyping and genome‐wide association studies in wheat

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 1966 - 1977

Published: June 30, 2023

Dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits such as dynamic growth and yield potential is a major challenge in crops. Monitoring throughout growing season large wheat population to uncover temporal controls for plant yield-related has so far not been explored. In this study, diverse panel composed 288 lines was monitored by non-invasive high-throughput phenotyping platform collect from seedling grain filling stage their relationship with further Whole genome re-sequencing provided 12.64 million markers high-resolution genome-wide association analysis using 190 image-based 17 agronomic traits. A total 8327 marker-trait associations were detected clustered into 1605 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) including number known genes or QTLs. We identified 277 pleiotropic QTLs controlling multiple at different stages which revealed dynamics action on development production wheat. candidate gene related that image validated. Particularly, our study demonstrated are largely predictable models developed based i-traits provide possibility early selection, thus accelerate breeding process. Our explored architecture combining genotyping, unravelled stage-specific contributions optimize

Language: Английский

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Lightweight YOLOv8 for Wheat Head Detection

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 66214 - 66222

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Accurate real-time observations of wheat head growth are crucial for effective agricultural management. However, the dense distribution heads often leads to severe overlap in imagery. Existing target detection algorithms face challenges overcoming this problem, rendering them ineffective field computations using portable devices. Therefore, study proposes a lightweight you-only-look-once (YOLO) model with simplified structure and more powerful attention mechanism. A limitation traditional YOLO is its complex structure: it requires substantial number parameters, accuracy unsatisfactory. We remove modules designed large targets reduced from three two. Moreover, we add an improved feature pyramid network neck, resulting parameter count over methods. To improve inferencing, replaced spatial pooling (SPP) module SPP-fast type. Finally, separable kernel wise intersection-over-union method introduced integrate mechanisms, replace loss function discriminative capabilities model. Experimental results on Global Wheat Head Dataset demonstrates 53% reduction memory usage, 27% decrease computational load, 5.2 frames per second increase speed extant The proposed also achieves 3.9, 2.1, 1.3% improvements terms precision, recall, mean average respectively, even light weight portability.

Language: Английский

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