Trichoderma reesei complete genome sequence, repeat-induced point mutation, and partitioning of CAZyme gene clusters

Biotechnology for Biofuels, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 3, 2017

Trichoderma reesei (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina) QM6a is a model fungus for broad spectrum of physiological phenomena, including plant cell wall degradation, industrial production enzymes, light responses, conidiation, sexual development, polyketide biosynthesis, and plant-fungal interactions. The genomes its high enzyme-producing mutants have been sequenced by second-generation-sequencing methods are publicly available from the Joint Genome Institute. While these genome sequences offered useful information genomic transcriptomic studies, their limitations especially short read lengths make them poorly suited some particular biological problems, assembly, genome-wide determination chromosome architecture, genetic modification or engineering.We integrated Pacific Biosciences Illumina sequencing platforms highest-quality assembly yet achieved, revealing seven telomere-to-telomere chromosomes (34,922,528 bp; 10877 genes) with 1630 newly predicted genes >1.5 Mb new sequences. Most located on AT-rich blocks, 7 centromeres, 14 subtelomeres, 2329 interspersed blocks. centromeres separately consist 24 conserved repeats 37 putative centromere-encoded genes. These findings open up perspective future centromere architecture studies. Next, we demonstrate that crossing readily induced cytosine-to-thymine point mutations both tandem unlinked duplicated We also show bioinformatic analysis T. has evolved robust repeat-induced mutation (RIP) system to accumulate sequences, longer blocks having more RIP mutations. widespread distribution correlates partitions gene clusters, explaining why clustering reported not influence expression in reesei.Compartmentation ancestral clusters might promote flexibilities evolutionarily advantageous this fungus' soil habitats other natural environments. Our analyses, together complete sequence, provide better blueprint biotechnological applications.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of plant cell wall degradation by light in Trichoderma

Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: April 24, 2018

Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina) is the model organism for industrial production of plant cell wall degradating enzymes. The integration light and nutrient signals adaptation enzyme in T. emerged as an important regulatory mechanism to be tackled strain improvement. Gene regulation specific cellulase inducing conditions different darkness with substantial by photoreceptors. Genes regulated are clustered genome, several clusters overlapping CAZyme clusters. Major transcription factor genes at least 75% glycoside hydrolase encoding show potential dependent regulation. Accordingly, protein complex formation occurs within promoters cellulases their regulators. Additionally growth on diverse carbon sources between presence photoreceptors cases. Thereby, also intensity plays a role, levels dropping higher intensities background. heterotrimeric G-protein pathway most signaling connection response triggers posttranscriptional expression. All alpha subunits impact manner. downstream cAMP involved well. Connections pathways mainly established via photoreceptor ENV1. effect degradation filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. In currently proposed model, senses biomass its environment detection building blocks cellulose hemicellulose. Interpretation respective subsequently adjusted requirements (or surface versus substrate) interconnection response. This review provides overview importance light, related degrading enzymes reesei. Additionally, relevance gene fermentations well strategies exploitation observed effects discussed.

Language: Английский

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Heterologous expression and characterization of an antifungal chitinase (Chit46) from Trichoderma harzianum GIM 3.442 and its application in colloidal chitin conversion

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 113 - 121

Published: April 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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Strategies and Challenges for the Development of Industrial Enzymes Using Fungal Cell Factories

Grand challenges in biology and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 179 - 210

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma spp. Genes Involved in the Biocontrol Activity Against Rhizoctonia solani

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 25, 2022

Rhizoctonia solani is a pathogen that causes considerable harm to plants worldwide. In the absence of hosts, R. survives in soil by forming sclerotia, and management methods, such as cultivar breeding, crop rotations, fungicide sprays, are insufficient and/or inefficient controlling . One most challenging problems facing agriculture twenty-first century besides with impact global warming. Environmentally friendly techniques production improved agricultural practices essential for long-term food security. Trichoderma spp. could serve an excellent example model fungus enhance productivity sustainable way. Among biocontrol mechanisms, mycoparasitism, competition, antibiosis fundamental mechanisms which defend against , thereby preventing or obstructing its proliferation. Additionally, induce mixed induced systemic resistance (ISR) acquired (SAR) known -ISR. Stimulation every mechanism involves genes responsible encoding secondary metabolites, siderophores, signaling molecules, enzymes cell wall degradation, plant growth regulators. biological control through summarized this paper. It also gives information on -ISR Nonetheless, fast-paced current research required properly utilize their true potential diseases caused

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles carry cellulases in the industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei

Biotechnology for Biofuels, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 15, 2019

is the most important industrial producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes. These enzymes play an role in biomass degradation leading to novel applications this fungus biotechnology industry, specifically biofuel production. The secretory pathway fungi responsible for transporting proteins addressed different cellular locations involving some endomembrane systems. Although protein secretion extremely efficient process

Language: Английский

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Arms race: diverse effector proteins with conserved motifs

Plant Signaling & Behavior, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 1557008 - 1557008

Published: Jan. 9, 2019

Effector proteins play important roles in the infection by pathogenic oomycetes and fungi or colonization endophytic mycorrhizal fungi. They are either translocated into host plant cells via specific translocation mechanisms function host's cytoplasm nucleus, they reside apoplast of act at extracellular host–microbe interface. Many effector possess conserved motifs (such as RXLR, CRN, LysM, RGD, DELD, EAR, RYWT, Y/F/WXC CFEM motifs) localized their N- C-terminal regions. Analysis functions proteins, especially so-called "core effectors", is crucial for understanding pathogenicity/symbiosis defense strategies, helps to develop breeding strategies pathogen-resistant cultivars, increase crop yield quality well abiotic stress resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge about these with conversed involvement mutualistic plant/fungal interactions.

Language: Английский

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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals different strategies for degradation of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: June 30, 2017

Second generation (2G) ethanol is produced by breaking down lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. In Brazil, sugarcane bagasse has been proposed as the residue for this biofuel production. The enzymatic cocktails degradation of biomass-derived polysaccharides are mostly fungi, such Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei. However, it not yet fully understood how these microorganisms degrade plant biomass. order to identify transcriptomic changes during steam-exploded (SEB) breakdown, we conducted a RNA-seq comparative transcriptome profiling both fungi growing on SEB carbon source. Particular attention was focused CAZymes, sugar transporters, transcription factors (TFs) other proteins related lignocellulose degradation. Although genes coding main enzymes involved in deconstruction were expressed fungal strains since beginning growth SEB, significant differences found their expression profiles. mainly regulated at level, A. T. reesei also showed TFs content expression. Several transporters that induced could be new players besides role uptake. Interestingly, our findings revealed several code unknown function pro-oxidant, antioxidant, detoxification source, but specific roles remain elucidated. This first report time-course experiment monitoring pretreated two important using technology. It possible set might applied biotechnology fields. data suggest employ different strategies breakdown. knowledge can exploited rational design 2G production improvement.

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma Histone Deacetylase HDA-2 Modulates Multiple Responses in Arabidopsis

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179(4), P. 1343 - 1361

Published: Jan. 22, 2019

Trichoderma spp. are a rich source of secondary metabolites and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may induce plant defenses modulate growth. In filamentous fungi, chromatin modifications regulate metabolism. this study we investigated how the absence histone deacetylase HDA-2 in atroviride strain Ɗhda-2 impacts its effect on host, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The production VOCs their impact growth development were assessed as well. was impaired ability to colonize roots, thus affecting promotion modulation against foliar pathogens Botrytis cinerea Pseudomonas syringae, normally result from interaction with T. atroviride. Furthermore, incapable triggering counterattack pathogens. overproduced VOC 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP), resulted enhanced root branching differentially regulated phytohormone-related genes. Analysis ten (including 6-PP) revealed that three them positively growth, whereas six had opposite effect. Assessment metabolites, detoxification, communication plant-related genes showed dual role for gene expression regulation during plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation acetylated H3 promoters plant-responsive showed, presence Arabidopsis, low levels epl-1 abc-2 compared wild type; ctf-1 presented high constitutive levels, supporting regulation. This work highlights importance global regulator multiple responses Arabidopsis.

Language: Английский

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Factors regulating cellulolytic gene expression in filamentous fungi: an overview

Microbial Cell Factories, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 22, 2022

Abstract The growing demand for biofuels such as bioethanol has led to the need identifying alternative feedstock instead of conventional substrates like molasses, etc. Lignocellulosic biomass is a relatively inexpensive that available in abundance, however, its conversion involves multistep process with different unit operations size reduction, pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation, distillation, saccharification or enzymatic hydrolysis cellulose glucose complex family enzymes called cellulases are usually fungal origin. Cellulose requires synergistic action several classes enzymes, and achieving optimum secretion these simultaneously remains challenge. expression controlled by an intricate network transcription factors sugar transporters. Several genetic engineering efforts have been undertaken modulate cellulolytic genes, well their regulators. This review, therefore, focuses on molecular mechanism effect hemicellulases.

Language: Английский

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