The Gut Microbiome, Aging, and Longevity: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 3759 - 3759

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Aging is determined by complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome lies at core of many age-associated changes, including immune system dysregulation susceptibility to diseases. The microbiota undergoes extensive changes across lifespan, age-related processes may influence its related metabolic alterations. aim this systematic review was summarize current literature on aging-associated alterations in diversity, composition, functional features microbiota. We identified 27 empirical human studies normal successful aging suitable for inclusion. Alpha diversity microbial taxa, pathways, metabolites higher older adults, particularly oldest-old compared younger individuals. Beta distances significantly differed various developmental stages were different even between younger-old adults. Differences taxonomic composition potential varied studies, but Akkermansia most consistently reported be relatively more abundant with aging, whereas Faecalibacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae reduced. Older adults have reduced pathways carbohydrate metabolism amino acid synthesis; however, exhibited differences distinguished their from young-old such as greater short-chain fatty production increased butyrate derivatives. Although a definitive interpretation limited cross-sectional design published reports, we integrated findings downstream metabolites, offering possible explanations regarding processes.

Language: Английский

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Sex disparities matter in cancer development and therapy

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 393 - 407

Published: April 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Senolytic Combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin Alleviates Intestinal Senescence and Inflammation and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Aged Mice

The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(11), P. 1895 - 1905

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Cellular senescence contributes to age-related disorders including physical dysfunction, disabilities, and mortality caused by tissue inflammation damage. Senescent cells accumulate in multiple tissues with aging at etiological sites of chronic disorders. The senolytic drug combination, Dasatinib plus Quercetin (D+Q), is known reduce senescent cell abundance aged mice. However, the effects long-term D+Q treatment on intestinal inflammatory burden microbiome composition mice remain unknown. Here, we examine effect (p16Ink4a p21Cip1) (Cxcl1, Il1β, Il6, Mcp1, Tnfα) markers small (ileum) large (caecum colon) intestine (n = 10) compared age-matched placebo-treated 10). Additionally, microbial along tract these D+Q-treated show significantly lower (p16 p21 expression) Tnfα control Further, find specific signatures ileal, cecal, colonic, fecal regions that are distinctly modulated D+Q, modulation being most prominent intestine. Further analyses reveal correlation signatures. Together, data demonstrate reduces while altering microbiota suggest optimized regimens might improve health via reducing senescence, inflammation, dysbiosis older subjects.

Language: Английский

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Cancer and Aging: Two Tightly Interconnected Biological Processes

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1400 - 1400

Published: March 19, 2021

Age is one of the main risk factors cancer; several biological changes linked with aging process can explain this. As our population progressively aging, proportion older patients cancer increasing significantly. Due to heterogeneity general health and functional status amongst persons, treatment a major challenge in this vulnerable population. Older often experience more side effects anticancer treatments. Over-treatment should be avoided ensure an optimal quality life. On other hand, under-treatment due fear toxicity frequent problem lead increased relapse worse survival. There delicate balance between benefits therapy toxicity. Robust biomarkers that reflect body’s age may aid outlining individual regimens for cancer. In particular, impact on systemic immunity tumor immune infiltrate considered, given expanding role immunotherapy treatment. review, we summarize current knowledge concerning mechanistic connections cancer, as well could helpful field geriatric oncology.

Language: Английский

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The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(6)

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect human microbiome in infected and uninfected individuals, having a substantial impact on health over long term. This intersects with decades-long decline microbial diversity ancestral microbes due hygiene, antibiotics, urban living (the hygiene hypothesis). High-risk groups succumbing include those preexisting conditions, such as diabetes obesity, which are also associated abnormalities. Current control measures practices will have broad, uneven, potentially long-term effects for across planet, given implementation of physical separation, extensive travel barriers, other that influence overall loss inability reinoculation. Although much remains uncertain or unknown about virus its consequences, implementing could significantly microbiome. In this Perspective, we explore many facets COVID-19-induced societal changes their possible microbiome, discuss current future challenges regarding interplay between Recent recognition microbiome's makes it critical consider both how shaped by biosocial processes, affects susceptibility coronavirus and, conversely, disease prevention may knowledge prove key treatment, biological social outcomes pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Lifestyle and Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition, Inflammation and Muscle Performance in Our Aging Society

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 2045 - 2045

Published: June 15, 2021

Living longer is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including impairments the musculoskeletal and immune system as well metabolic disorders certain cancers, each which can negatively affect relationship between host microbiota up to occurrence dysbiosis. On other hand, lifestyle factors, regular physical exercise a healthy diet, skeletal muscle aging positively at all ages. Accordingly, health benefits could partly depend on effect such interventions that influence biodiversity functionality intestinal microbiota. In present review, we first discuss physiological effects gut microbiota, system, muscle. Secondly, describe human epidemiological evidence about associations activity fitness composition in older adults. The third part highlights relevance restorative mechanisms protection through specific during aging. Fourth, important research findings protein nutrients performance Finally, provide nutritional recommendations prevent malnutrition support active focus Key nutrition-related concerns include need for adequate energy intake preventing low mass higher demand (e.g., dietary fiber, polyphenols polyunsaturated fatty acids) modify composition, diversity, capacity may thus practical means enhancing systemic function.

Language: Английский

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Age and the aging process significantly alter the small bowel microbiome

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(13), P. 109765 - 109765

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Gut microbial diversity decreases with aging, but existing studies have used stool samples, which do not represent the entire gut. We analyzed duodenal microbiome in 251 subjects aged 18-35 (n = 32), 36-50 41), 51-65 96), and 66-80 82). Decreased older is associated combinations of chronological age, number concomitant diseases, medications used, also correlated increasing coliform numbers (p < 0.0001). Relative abundance (RA) phylum Proteobacteria increases subjects, increased RA family Enterobacteriaceae genera Escherichia Klebsiella, alterations other taxa decreased diversity. Increased specific are age only (Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus), (Klebsiella), or diseases (Clostridium Bilophila). These findings indicate small intestinal changes significantly aging process.

Language: Английский

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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review

ACS Applied Bio Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(9), P. 4028 - 4054

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Research on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging process has advanced significantly over last two decades. In light recent findings, ROS takes part cells along with contributing to various physiological signaling pathways. Antioxidants being cells' natural defense mechanism against ROS-mediated alteration, play an imperative maintain intracellular homeostasis. Although complete understanding regulated is yet be fully comprehended, current insights into sources cellular and their correlation age-related diseases are portrayed this review. addition, results effect antioxidants homeostasis as well advances clinical trials also discussed detail. The future perspective ROS-antioxidant dynamics antiaging research marshaled provide directions for fields.

Language: Английский

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Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9577 - 9577

Published: May 31, 2023

The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in body and has potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, diverse overall health. When becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, ageing, this profound effect on our health linked many diseases, including metabolic inflammatory neurological diseases. While humans largely association dysbiosis with disease, animal models, causative can be demonstrated. brain particularly important maintaining health, strong neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental This suggests that microbiota composition used make early diagnosis diseases modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis might present therapeutic target for have proved intractable, aim altering trajectory such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity among others. other potentially reversible migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, long COVID, which considered models therapy disease. role traditional methods microbiome, well newer, more novel treatments faecal transplants photobiomodulation, are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal profiling of the microbiome at four body sites reveals core stability and individualized dynamics during health and disease

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 506 - 526.e9

Published: March 12, 2024

To understand the dynamic interplay between human microbiome and host during health disease, we analyzed microbial composition, temporal dynamics, associations with multi-omics, immune, clinical markers of microbiomes from four body sites in 86 participants over 6 years. We found that stability individuality are body-site specific heavily influenced by host. The stool oral more stable than skin nasal microbiomes, possibly due to their interaction environment. identify individual-specific commonly shared bacterial taxa, individualized taxa showing greater stability. Interestingly, dynamics correlate across sites, suggesting systemic host-microbial-environment interactions. Notably, insulin-resistant individuals show altered among microbiome, molecular markers, features, disrupted metabolic disease. Our study offers comprehensive views multi-site relationship

Language: Английский

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