Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 6178 - 6178

Published: June 4, 2024

The respiratory system is constantly exposed to viral infections that are responsible for mild severe diseases. In this narrative review, we focalized the attention on syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and acute syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, high morbidity mortality in last decades. We reviewed human innate adaptive immune responses airways following infection, focusing a particular population: newborns pregnant women. recent Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted how our interest pathologies must not decrease. Furthermore, increase knowledge of infection mechanisms improve future defense strategies.

Language: Английский

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Comparative analysis of C-Reactive protein levels among Non-comorbid, Comorbid, and Multimorbid Hospitalized COVID-19 patients

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most commonly monitored inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 to gain insight into inflammation level body and adopt effective disease management therapeutic strategies. now less prevalent, study CRP as a biomarker still needs deeper understanding, particularly understanding its role among comorbidities, which are known influence responses increase risk severe outcomes during acute chronic infectious diseases. The objective this was evaluate association major comorbidities such ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, kidney disease, hypertension, lung infections e.g. tuberculosis serum levels hospitalized patients. This involves retrospective observational framework monitor after getting ethical approval patient consent. information on underlying health conditions or age collected from data files. requirement ventilation, ICU admission, mortality & survival, were based their daily updates file. Furthermore, evaluated severity mortality. In 618 out 750 patients, 62.6% male 37.4% female, significantly influenced by comorbidities. No case hospitalization observed children (≤ 14 years) period, while 38.3% belonged old group (≥ 65 years). Comorbidity status varied, 36.1% without having any 27.8% one, 23.6% two, 12.5% three more Descriptive statistics revealed that population averaged 88.92 mg/L (SD = 63.95), ranging < 1 900 mg/L, significant variations across different groups. levels, analyzed Kruskal-Wallis test, showed groups (χ² 66.741, df 3, p 0.001). Moreover, pairwise comparisons considerable differences between young middle-aged (Z -2.724, 0.01) -3.970, prevalent hypertension (42.1%), diabetes (33.8%), (16.5%), asthma (11.2%), (7.9%) Tuberculosis (1.9%). fluctuate also differ have higher than non-diabetics (mean CRP: 126.96 vs. Z -5.724, 0.001), those encountered elevated 355.37 276.19 -5.447, Similar tendencies detected 385.43 -4.704, 412.37 -4.206, 0.001) well 458.08 -2.914, 0.01). days 3 decline (88.92 67.89 mg/L), representative response treatment reduce body. high associated non-invasive ventilation 110.80 76.82 0.05), mechanical 134.46 77.25 0.05) admission 72.79 0.05). Cox regression analysis there expected length hospitalization, each 1-unit 0.6% extended stay (hazard ratio 1.006, 95% CI: 1.004–1.008, logistic performed first day 2.7% odds unit (odds 1.027, 1.022–1.033, suggest potential predictor. Elevated like strongly increased severity, including requirements Patients these correlated worse outcomes, admissions prolonged hospital stays, emphasizing importance predictor for complications diseases along

Language: Английский

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Advancements in the study of T lymphocytes in thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection

Tissue and Cell, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102768 - 102768

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploring Asthma as a Protective Factor in COVID-19 Outcomes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1678 - 1678

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Asthma has long been associated with increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections, leading significant exacerbations and poorer clinical outcomes. Contrarily interestingly, emerging data research surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have shown that patients asthma infected SARS-CoV-2 experienced decreased severity of disease, lower hospitalization rates, as well morbidity mortality. Research eosinophils could enhance immune defense against while inhaled corticosteroids can assist in controlling systematic inflammation. Moreover, reduced ACE-2 expression individuals may restrict entry, Th2 response offset Th1 typically observed severe patients. These factors help explain favorable outcomes seen asthmatic during pandemic. This review highlights potential protective mechanisms patients, including eosinophilia, use corticosteroids, expression, a dominate response. Such study will be helpful better manage who contracted COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Exploration of risk factors and characteristics of COVID-19 infection among patients with hematological malignancies in Suzhou, China: a retrospective study

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Background and aim Patients diagnosed with cancer, particularly those hematologic malignancies, frequently exhibit a state of immunosuppression. Currently, there remains scarcity dependable biomarkers for assessing the severity COVID-19 in individuals malignancies. We conducted retrospective study morbidity mortality patients hematological malignancies (HM) who had contracted COVID-19. The was to offer reference clinical diagnosis treatment. Methods A total 71 HM-confirmed were enrolled from December 2022 May 2023. Clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, treatment approaches collected documented. classified into survival death groups based on their outcomes, statistical analysis performed data both groups. Results Among patients, 57 (80.3%) alive, 14 (19.7%) died. mean age group significantly higher than that (51.29 ± 20.76 vs . 49.47 13.04, P=0.030). proportion receiving mechanical ventilation (P&lt;0.001). rate critically severe compared mild, moderate, Correlation revealed certain indicators lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (ALB), creatine kinase (CK), troponin T (TnT), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) fibrin degradation product (FDP), which exhibited significant differences between groups, correlated COVID-19-related (all P&lt;0.05). Cox proportional hazards model indicated LDH an independent risk factor associated prognosis Conclusion suffer due infection. may serve as Monitoring variations levels can assist healthcare providers evaluating disease progression, adjusting plans timely manner, predicting patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Machine learning-based model for predicting all-cause mortality in severe pneumonia

BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. e001983 - e001983

Published: March 1, 2025

Background Severe pneumonia has a poor prognosis and high mortality. Current severity scores such as Acute Physiology Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE-II) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), have limited ability to help clinicians in classification management decisions. The goal of this study was analyse the clinical characteristics severe develop machine learning-based mortality-prediction model for patients with pneumonia. Methods Consecutive between 2013 2022 admitted Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated Capital Medical University were included. In-hospital all-cause mortality outcome study. We performed retrospective analysis cohort, stratifying into survival non-survival groups, using mainstream learning algorithms (light gradient boosting machine, support vector classifier random forest). aimed construct based on their accessible laboratory data. discriminative evaluated area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). calibration used assess fit goodness model, decision quantify utility. By means logistic regression, independent risk factors death figured out provide an important basis decision-making. Results A total 875 included development validation cohorts, in-hospital rate 14.6%. AUC internal set 0.8779 (95% CI, 0.738 0.974), showing competitive discrimination that outperformed those traditional scoring systems, is, APACHE-II, SOFA, CURB-65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, age ≥65 years), Pneumonia Severity Index. showed predicted by reasonably actual hospital In addition, net benefit positive both training sets hospitalised Based ensemble regression technique, level ferritin, lactic acid, urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, eosinophil requirement vasopressors identified top predictors Conclusion robust predicting after successfully developed techniques. performance demonstrates effectiveness these techniques creating accurate predictive models, use potential greatly assist doctors making well-informed decisions regarding patient care.

Language: Английский

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Apoptosis and turnover disruption of olfactory sensory neurons in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is one of the important and difficult-to-treat symptoms eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which typically associated with type 2 inflammation where eosinophils (EOSs) function as both effectors initiators. Eosinophilic infiltration in olfactory mucosa (OM) severe OD, mucosal erosion, more loss sensory neurons (OSNs). Active EOS-derived cytokines, chemokines, eosinophil granule proteins may lead to aggravation inflammation, tissue damage, impairment survival regeneration OSNs. Recent studies show that EOSs can apoptosis OSNs through axonal neural body turnover disorder immature globose basal cells (GBCs), changed proliferative activity horizontal (HBCs), breakdown neuroepithelial integrity alteration ion concentration mucin. In this review, we outline current progress on role OD patients CRS mechanism EOS-associated injury OM experimental animal models sinonasal inflammation. Further investigations molecular mechanisms eosinophilia-induced are warranted obtain new therapeutic targets achieve better restoration function.

Language: Английский

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Eosinophils in Oral Disease: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4373 - 4373

Published: April 16, 2024

The prevalence of diseases characterised by eosinophilia is on the rise, emphasising importance understanding role eosinophils in these conditions. Eosinophils are a subset granulocytes that contribute to body’s defence against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, but they also implicated haemostatic processes, including immunoregulation allergic reactions. They contain cytoplasmic granules which can be selectively mobilised secrete specific proteins, chemokines, cytokines, enzymes, extracellular matrix, growth factors. There multiple biological emerging functions specialised immune cells, cancer surveillance, tissue remodelling development. Several oral diseases, cancer, associated with either or blood eosinophilia; however, their exact mechanism action pathogenesis remains unclear. This review presents comprehensive synopsis most recent literature for both clinicians scientists relation reveals significant knowledge gap this area research.

Language: Английский

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Eosinophils as Modulators of Host Defense during Parasitic, Fungal, Bacterial, and Viral Infections

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 116(6), P. 1301 - 1323

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Eosinophils, traditionally associated as central innate effector cells with type 2 immunity during allergic and helminth parasitic diseases, have recently been revealed to important roles in tissue homeostasis well host defense a broader variety of infectious diseases. In dedicated session at the 2023 biennial conference International Eosinophil Society titled "Eosinophils Host Defense," multifaceted eosinophils play against diverse pathogens, ranging from parasites fungi, bacteria, viruses, were presented. this review, speakers offer comprehensive summary recent discoveries across pathogen classes, positioning pivotal leukocytes both pathology. By unraveling intricacies eosinophil engagement resistance, exploration may provide valuable insights not only understand specific underpinnings functions related each class pathogens but also develop novel therapeutics effective broad spectrum

Language: Английский

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Eosinophil activation during immune responses: an ultrastructural view with an emphasis on viral diseases

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 116(2), P. 321 - 334

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Eosinophils are cells of the innate immune system that orchestrate complex inflammatory responses. The study cell biology eosinophils, particularly associated with activation, is great interest to understand their From a morphological perspective, activated eosinophils show ultrastructural signatures have provided critical insights into comprehension functional capabilities. Application conventional transmission electron microscopy in combination quantitative assessments (quantitative microscopy), molecular imaging (immunoEM), and 3-dimensional tomography generated important mechanisms eosinophil activation. This review explores multitude events taking place vitro vivo as key players allergic diseases, an emphasis on viral infections. Recent progress our understanding biological processes underlying including mitochondrial remodeling, discussed, it can bring new thinking field.

Language: Английский

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