International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 1863 - 1863
Published: Feb. 13, 2021
Cannabidiol
(CBD)
is
the
most
abundant
non-psychoactive
component
of
cannabis;
it
displays
a
very
low
affinity
for
cannabinoid
receptors,
facilitates
endocannabinoid
signaling
by
inhibiting
hydrolysis
anandamide,
and
stimulates
both
transient
receptor
potential
vanilloid
1
2
serotonin
type
1A
receptors.
Since
CBD
interacts
with
wide
variety
molecular
targets
in
brain,
its
therapeutic
has
been
investigated
number
neuropsychiatric
diseases,
including
anxiety
mood
disorders.
Specifically,
received
growing
attention
due
to
anxiolytic
antidepressant
properties.
As
consequence,
given
safety
profile,
considered
promising
new
agent
treatment
However,
exact
mechanism
action
still
remains
unknown.
In
present
preclinical
review,
we
provide
summary
animal-based
studies
that
support
use
as
an
anxiolytic-
antidepressant-like
compound.
Next,
describe
neuropharmacological
evidence
links
pharmacology
behavioral
effects.
Finally,
taking
into
consideration
effects
on
DNA
methylation,
histone
modifications,
microRNAs,
elaborate
putative
role
epigenetic
mechanisms
mediating
CBD’s
outcomes.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
23(10), P. 2478 - 2478
Published: Sept. 27, 2018
There
is
a
growing
body
of
evidence
to
suggest
that
cannabinoids
are
beneficial
for
range
clinical
conditions,
including
pain,
inflammation,
epilepsy,
sleep
disorders,
the
symptoms
multiple
sclerosis,
anorexia,
schizophrenia
and
other
conditions.
The
transformation
from
herbal
preparations
into
highly
regulated
prescription
drugs
therefore
progressing
rapidly.
development
such
requires
well-controlled
trials
be
carried
out
in
order
objectively
establish
therapeutic
efficacy,
dose
ranges
safety.
low
oral
bioavailability
has
led
feasible
methods
administration,
as
transdermal
route,
intranasal
administration
transmucosal
adsorption,
being
proposed.
lipophilic
nature
means
they
seen
suitable
candidates
advanced
nanosized
drug
delivery
systems,
which
can
applied
via
routes.
Nanotechnology-based
strategies
have
flourished
several
fields
recent
years
numerous
reached
market.
This
review
explores
most
developments,
preclinical
trials,
cannabinoid
field,
focuses
particularly
on
pain
inflammation
treatment.
Likely
future
directions
also
considered
reported.
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 8, P. 9 - 37
Published: April 1, 2017
Abstract:
The
cannabis
withdrawal
syndrome
(CWS)
is
a
criterion
of
use
disorders
(CUDs)
(
Diagnostic
and
Statistical
Manual
Mental
Disorders
–
Fifth
Edition
)
dependence
(International
Classification
Diseases
[ICD]-10).
Several
lines
evidence
from
animal
human
studies
indicate
that
cessation
long-term
regular
precipitates
specific
with
mainly
mood
behavioral
symptoms
light
to
moderate
intensity,
which
can
usually
be
treated
in
an
outpatient
setting.
Regular
intake
related
desensitization
downregulation
brain
cannabinoid
1
(CB1)
receptors.
This
starts
reverse
within
the
first
2
days
abstinence
receptors
return
normal
functioning
4
weeks
abstinence,
could
constitute
neurobiological
time
frame
for
duration
CWS,
not
taking
into
account
cellular
synaptic
neuroplasticity
elicited
by
before
cessation,
example,
being
possibly
responsible
craving.
CWS
severity
dependent
on
amount
used
pre-cessation,
gender,
heritable
several
environmental
factors.
Therefore,
naturalistic
highly
varies.
Women
reported
stronger
than
men
including
physical
symptoms,
such
as
nausea
stomach
pain.
Comorbidity
mental
or
somatic
disorders,
severe
CUD,
low
social
may
require
inpatient
treatment
(preferably
qualified
detox)
post-acute
rehabilitation.
There
are
promising
results
gabapentin
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
analogs
CWS.
Mirtazapine
beneficial
treat
insomnia.
According
small
studies,
venlafaxine
worsen
whereas
other
antidepressants,
atomoxetine,
lithium,
buspirone,
divalproex
had
no
relevant
effect.
Certainly,
further
research
required
respect
impact
setting
CUD
prognosis
psychopharmacological
approaches,
aerobic
exercise
therapy
psychoeducation,
up-to-date
ICD-11
Beta
Draft
recommended
expanded
specification
intensity
well
gender
effects.
Keywords:
marijuana,
humans,
neurobiology,
treatment,
course,
detoxification,
Inflammation and Regeneration,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
38(1)
Published: Sept. 17, 2018
The
plant
Cannabis
sativa
contains
cannabinoids
represented
by
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol,
which
exert
psychoactivity
and
immunomodulation
through
cannabinoid
CB1
CB2
receptors,
respectively,
in
animal
tissues.
Arachidonoylethanolamide
(also
referred
to
as
anandamide)
2-arachidonoylglycerol
(2-AG)
are
well
known
two
major
endogenous
agonists
of
these
receptors
(termed
"endocannabinoids")
show
various
cannabimimetic
bioactivities.
However,
only
2-AG
is
a
full
agonist
for
mediates
retrograde
signals
at
the
synapse,
strongly
suggesting
that
physiologically
more
important
than
anandamide.
metabolic
pathways
endocannabinoids
completely
different.
mostly
produced
from
inositol
phospholipids
via
diacylglycerol
phospholipase
C
lipase
then
degraded
monoacylglycerol
lipase.
On
other
hand,
anandamide
concomitantly
with
larger
amounts
N-acylethanolamines
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines
(NAPEs).
Although
this
pathway
consists
calcium-dependent
N-acyltransferase
NAPE-hydrolyzing
D,
recent
studies
revealed
involvement
several
new
enzymes.
Quantitatively
include
palmitoylethanolamide
oleoylethanolamide,
do
not
bind
but
anti-inflammatory,
analgesic,
anorexic
effects
such
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
α.
biosynthesis
non-endocannabinoid
rather
may
be
primary
significance
pathway.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
biological
activities
metabolisms
(2-AG
N-acylethanolamines.
Surgical Neurology International,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9(1), P. 91 - 91
Published: Jan. 1, 2018
Background:
Numerous
physical,
psychological,
and
emotional
benefits
have
been
attributed
to
marijuana
since
its
first
reported
use
in
2,600
BC
a
Chinese
pharmacopoeia.The
phytocannabinoids,
cannabidiol
(CBD),
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(Δ9-THC)
are
the
most
studied
extracts
from
cannabis
sativa
subspecies
hemp
marijuana.CBD
Δ9-THC
interact
uniquely
with
endocannabinoid
system
(ECS).Through
direct
indirect
actions,
intrinsic
endocannabinoids
plant-based
phytocannabinoids
modulate
influence
variety
of
physiological
systems
influenced
by
ECS.Methods:
In
1980,
Cunha
et
al.
anticonvulsant
7/8
subjects
medically
uncontrolled
epilepsy
using
phase
I
clinical
trial.Since
then
neurological
applications
major
focus
renewed
research
medical
phytocannabinoid
extracts.Results:
Recent
uses
include
adjunctive
treatment
for
malignant
brain
tumors,
Parkinson's
disease,
Alzheimer's
multiple
sclerosis,
neuropathic
pain,
childhood
seizure
disorders
Lennox-Gastaut
Dravet
syndromes.In
addition,
psychiatric
mood
disorders,
such
as
schizophrenia,
anxiety,
depression,
addiction,
postconcussion
syndrome,
posttraumatic
stress
being
phytocannabinoids.Conclusions:
this
review
we
will
provide
animal
human
data
on
current
CBD
individually
combination
Δ9-THC.We
emphasize
neuroprotective,
antiinflammatory,
immunomodulatory
their
various
syndromes.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
24(5), P. 918 - 918
Published: March 6, 2019
The
endocannabinoid
system
(ECS)
has
lately
been
proven
to
be
an
important,
multifaceted
homeostatic
regulator,
which
influences
a
wide-variety
of
physiological
processes
all
over
the
body.
Its
members,
endocannabinoids
(eCBs;
e.g.,
anandamide),
eCB-responsive
receptors
(e.g.,
CB₁,
CB₂),
as
well
complex
enzyme
and
transporter
apparatus
involved
in
metabolism
ligands
were
shown
expressed
several
tissues,
including
skin.
Although
best
studied
functions
ECS
are
related
central
nervous
immune
processes,
experimental
efforts
last
two
decades
have
unambiguously
confirmed
that
cutaneous
cannabinoid
("c[ut]annabinoid")
signaling
is
deeply
maintenance
skin
homeostasis,
barrier
formation
regeneration,
its
dysregulation
was
implicated
contribute
highly
prevalent
diseases
disorders,
atopic
dermatitis,
psoriasis,
scleroderma,
acne,
hair
growth
pigmentation
keratin
diseases,
various
tumors,
itch.
current
review
aims
give
overview
available
skin-relevant
endo-
phytocannabinoid
literature
with
special
emphasis
on
putative
translational
potential,
highlight
promising
future
research
directions
existing
challenges.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
75(5), P. 885 - 958
Published: May 10, 2023
The
cannabis
derivative
marijuana
is
the
most
widely
used
recreational
drug
in
Western
world
and
consumed
by
an
estimated
83
million
individuals
(∼3%
of
population).
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
a
marked
transformation
society
regarding
risk
perception
cannabis,
driven
its
legalization
medical
use
many
states
United
States
worldwide.
Compelling
research
evidence
Food
Drug
Administration
cannabis-derived
cannabidiol
approval
for
severe
childhood
epilepsy
have
confirmed
large
therapeutic
potential
itself,
Δ
