The links between gut microbiota and obesity and obesity related diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 112678 - 112678

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

The obesity epidemic has become a global public health crisis in recent years and is continuing to worsen at an alarming rate. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved development of obesity-related diseases are still being unraveled. In past ten years, gut microbiota been identified as crucial player affecting onset progression diseases, especially with respect changes its composition metabolites during progression. Herein, we summarize roles microbiota’s metabolite play related diseases. Furthermore, discuss potential therapeutic treatments that can be used modulate microbiome target relevant metabolic pathways

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and advances in clinical study

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract Epigenetics regulates gene expression and has been confirmed to play a critical role in variety of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), osteoporosis, gout, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism others. The term ‘epigenetics’ was firstly proposed 1942 with the development technologies, exploration epigenetics made great progresses. There are four main epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling, noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which exert different effects on diseases. Genetic non-genetic factors, ageing, diet, exercise, interact jointly affect formation phenotype. Understanding could be applied diagnosing treating diseases clinic, biomarkers, drugs, editing. In this review, we introduce brief history well milestone events since proposal ‘epigenetics’. Moreover, summarise research methods general mechanisms modulation. Furthermore, interaction between genetic or factors. Finally, clinical trials applications

Language: Английский

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Heterostructures with Built‐in Electric Fields for Long‐lasting Chemodynamic Therapy

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(15)

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Abstract Sustained signal activation by hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) has great significance, especially for tumor treatment, but remains challenging. Here, a built‐in electric field (BIEF)‐driven strategy was proposed sustainable generation of ⋅OH, thereby achieving long‐lasting chemodynamic therapy (LCDT). As proof concept, novel Janus‐like Fe@Fe 3 O 4 −Cu 2 heterogeneous catalyst designed and synthesized, in which the BIEF induced transfer electrons Fe core to surface, reducing ≡Cu 2+ + , thus continuous Fenton‐like reactions ⋅OH release over 18 h, is approximately 12 times longer than that 72 Cu nanoparticles. In vitro vivo antitumor results indicated sustained levels led persistent extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) irreparable oxidative damage cells, promoted irreversible apoptosis. Importantly, this provides ideas developing long‐acting nanoplatforms various applications.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic memory: mechanisms and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health economic burdens worldwide. Evidence from past experimental studies clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember metabolic environment, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, thus leading chronic inflammatory disorders other even after elimination of these environments. The long-term effects that aberrant metabolism on been summarized memory are found assume a crucial role in states disease. Multiple molecular mechanisms collectively participate management, resulting different cellular alterations well tissue organ dysfunctions, culminating disease progression affecting offspring. elucidation expansion concept provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic underlying promises be new target detection management. Here, we retrace history relevant research summarize its salient characteristics. We provide detailed discussion by which involved development at molecular, cellular, levels, with emphasis impact epigenetic modulations. Finally, present some pivotal findings arguing favor targeting develop therapeutic strategies for latest reflections consequences implications human diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Molecular Biology of Placental Transport of Calcium to the Human Foetus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 383 - 383

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

From fertilisation to delivery, calcium must be transported into and within the foetoplacental unit for intracellular signalling. This requires very rapid, precisely located Ca2+ transfers. In addition, from around eighth week of gestation, increasing amounts routed directly maternal blood foetus bone mineralisation through a flow-through system, which does not impact concentration. These different processes are mediated by numerous membrane-sited channels, transporters, exchangers. Understanding mechanisms is essential direct interventions optimise foetal development postnatal health protect mother pre-eclampsia. Ethical issues limit availability human tissue study. Our insight placental handling advancing rapidly, enabled developing genetic, analytical, computer technology. Because their diverse sources, reports new findings scattered. review aims pull data together highlight areas uncertainty. Areas needing clarification include trafficking, membrane expression, recycling channels transporters in microvilli; metabolism vitamin D gestational diabetes pre-eclampsia; vascular effects increased endothelial Orai expression pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoproteins PSG1 PSG9.

Language: Английский

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On the causal relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, obesity and dysglycaemia in type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(10), P. 2138 - 2146

Published: July 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution and risk of overweight and obesity across different life periods: A review

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 242, P. 113893 - 113893

Published: July 31, 2022

Due to the highly evolved industrialization and modernization, air quality has deteriorated in most countries. As reported by World Health Organization (WHO), pollution is now considered as one of major threats global health a principal risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Meanwhile, increasing worldwide prevalence overweight obesity attracting more public attentions. Recently, accumulating epidemiological studies have provided evidence that may be partially attributable environmental exposure pollution. This review summarizes correlation between various outdoor indoor pollutants (mainly particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) outcomes recent years. Moreover, it discusses multiple effects during periods throughout life sex differences populations. also describes potential mechanism underlying increased caused pollution, including inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic imbalance, intestinal flora disorders epigenetic modifications. Finally, this proposes macro- micro-measures prevent negative on prevalence.

Language: Английский

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The plastic health map: A systematic evidence map of human health studies on plastic-associated chemicals

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 108225 - 108225

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

The global production and use of plastic materials has increased dramatically since the 1960s there is increasing evidence human health impacts related to exposure plastic-associated chemicals. There is, however, no comprehensive, regulatory, post-market monitoring for effects chemicals or particles it unclear how many these have been investigated in humans, therefore what knowledge gaps are.To create a systematic map peer-reviewed studies investigating potential particles/chemicals on identify research provide recommendations future regulation policy.Medline Embase databases were used primary published English from Jan 1960 - 2022 that relationships between exposures included measured detected bio-samples outcomes. Plastic-associated are: micro nanoplastics, due their widespread occurrence exposure; polymers, main building blocks plastic; plasticizers flame retardants, two most common types additives with highest concentration ranges materials; bisphenols per- polyfluoroalkyl substances, chemical classes known concern are plastics. We extracted metadata population study characteristics (country, intergenerational, sex, age, general/special risk status, design), (plastic-associated particle/chemical, multiple exposures), outcome measures (biochemical, physiological, and/or clinical), which we produced interactive database 'Plastic Health Map' narrative summary.We identified 100,949 unique articles, 3,587 met our inclusion criteria map. Plastic Map freely available at https://osf.io/fhw7d/ summary tables, plots overall observations this report.We present first compiling wide range several different classes, order stakeholders, including researchers, regulators, concerned individuals, an efficient way access literature matter determine gaps. also examples data clusters facilitate reviews help direct efforts. Extensive breadth populations, outcomes addressed No nanoplastics found, found 26/1,202 search hazard confirmed be active production. Few recent "substitution" restricted such as organophosphate phthalate substitutes, bisphenol analogues. call paradigm shift whereby new rigorously tested safety before being introduced consumer products, ongoing post-introduction biomonitoring levels humans throughout individuals' life span, old age across generations.

Language: Английский

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A review of the occurrence, metabolites and health risks of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(13), P. 6150 - 6166

Published: May 2, 2023

Abstract Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is mainly used as a food additive due to its antioxidant properties, which prevent or delay oxidation reactions and extend the storage life of products. The widespread use BHA has led extensive presence in various environmental matrices human tissues. Food intake main route exposure BHA. Under different conditions, can produce metabolites, with tert ‐butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) being one major Several studies have shown that could cause thyroid system damage, metabolic growth disorders, neurotoxicity, carcinogenesis. Mechanisms such endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, disturbances energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signaling pathways, imbalances calcium homeostasis appear be associated toxic effects Avoiding maximum extent possible top priority. Finding safe, non‐toxic environmentally friendly alternatives should focus subsequent research. In all, this review summarized current situation related might make recommendations for future research directions. © 2023 Society Chemical Industry.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptional co-activators: emerging roles in signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets for diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Abstract Specific cell states in metazoans are established by the symphony of gene expression programs that necessitate intricate synergic interactions between transcription factors and co-activators. Deregulation these regulatory molecules is associated with state transitions, which turn accountable for diverse maladies, including developmental disorders, metabolic most significantly, cancer. A decade back factors, key enablers disease development, were historically viewed as ‘undruggable’; however, intervening years, a wealth literature validated they can be targeted indirectly through transcriptional co-activators, their confederates various physiological molecular processes. These along have ability to initiate modulate genes necessary normal functions, whereby, deregulation such may foster tissue-specific phenotype. Hence, it essential analyze how co-activators specific multilateral processes coordination other factors. The proposed review attempts elaborate an in-depth account involvement regulation, context-specific contributions pathophysiological conditions. This also addresses issue has not been dealt comprehensive manner hopes direct attention towards future research will encompass patient-friendly therapeutic strategies, where drugs targeting enhanced benefits reduced side effects. Additional insights into currently available interventions constraints eventually reveal multitudes advanced targets aiming amelioration good patient prognosis.

Language: Английский

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