Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: a two-component response

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 183 - 195

Published: Feb. 11, 2016

Language: Английский

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A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward

Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 175(3), P. 665 - 678.e23

Published: Sept. 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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The complete connectome of a learning and memory centre in an insect brain

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 548(7666), P. 175 - 182

Published: Aug. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Inflammation Effects on Motivation and Motor Activity: Role of Dopamine

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 216 - 241

Published: Aug. 2, 2016

Language: Английский

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Ovarian hormones and obesity

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 300 - 321

Published: Nov. 23, 2016

Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake, i.e. eating and expenditure (EE). Severe obesity more prevalent in women than men worldwide, pathophysiology the resultant obesity-related disease risks differ men. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Pre-clinical clinical research indicate that ovarian hormones may play a major role.We systematically reviewed pre-clinical literature on effects of physiology adipose tissue (AT) regulation AT mass intake EE.Articles English indexed PubMed through January 2016 were searched using keywords related to: (i) reproductive hormones, (ii) weight (iii) central nervous system. We sought to identify emerging foci with translational potential rather provide comprehensive review.We find estrogens leading role causes consequences female obesity. With respect adiposity, synergize genes increase gluteofemoral subcutaneous decrease reproductive-age women, which leads protective cardiometabolic effects. Loss after menopause, independent aging, increases total decreases lean body mass, so there little net effect weight. Menopause also partially reverses women's distribution. These can be counteracted estrogen treatment. eating, increasing levels progressively during follicular peri-ovulatory phases menstrual cycle. Progestin associated luteal phase, but does not appear causal relationship. Progestins binge stimulated negative emotional states phase. indicates one mechanism for pre-ovulatory action satiating potency gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin. Another involves preference sweet foods Genetic defects brain α-melanocycte-stimulating hormone-melanocortin receptor (melanocortin 4 receptor, MC4R) signaling lead syndrome overeating particularly pronounced animals. appears around puberty mice genetic deletions MC4R, suggesting hormones. Emerging functional brain-imaging data fluctuations affect influencing striatal dopaminergic processing flavor hedonics lateral prefrontal cortex cognitive inhibitory controls eating. There dearth neuroendocrine control menopause. comparatively EE, although changes cycle do resting EE.The markedly greater burden makes understanding diverse EE adiposity urgent challenges. A variety modalities used investigate these most accessible animal models. Therefore, human roles its should intensified gain further mechanistic insights ultimately translated into novel anti-obesity therapies thereby improve health.

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulation of Attention

Neuron, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 769 - 785

Published: Feb. 1, 2018

Attention is critical to high-level cognition and attention deficits are a hallmark of neurologic neuropsychiatric disorders. Although years research indicates that distinct neuromodulators influence attentional control, mechanistic account traverses levels analysis (cells, circuits, behavior) missing. However, such an guide the development next-generation pharmacotherapies aimed at forestalling or remediating global burden associated with disorders attention. Here, we summarize current neuroscientific understanding how affects single neurons networks neurons. We then review key results have informed our neuromodulation shapes these neuron network properties thereby enables appropriate allocation relevant external internal events. Finally, highlight areas where believe hypotheses can be formulated tackled experimentally in near future, critically increasing implemented cellular levels. The limited processing capacity perceptual system poses complex computational problem for humans other organisms: which inputs behavioral goals? Decades has now been devoted instantiate required "selectivity" allows organism prioritize, bias, over irrelevant inputs. Neuronal may biased by both bottom-up top-down influences. former reflects biasing sensory due stimulus saliency (brightness, movement, size, example), causes features "pop-out" from their surroundings capture Top-down on hand voluntary guidance locations, features, objects environment. In this way, line goals (Desimone Duncan, 1995Desimone R. Duncan J. Neural mechanisms selective visual attention.Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1995; 18: 193-222Crossref PubMed Google Scholar). A prefrontal parietal cortical involved selection attention, cognitive functions as working memory inhibitory control (Bichot et al., 2015Bichot N.P. Heard M.T. DeGennaro E.M. Desimone source feature-based cortex.Neuron. 2015; 88: 832-844Abstract Full Text PDF Scopus (86) Scholar, Corbetta Shulman, 2002Corbetta M. Shulman G.L. Control goal-directed stimulus-driven brain.Nat. 2002; 3: 201-215Crossref Fedorenko 2013Fedorenko E. Kanwisher N. Broad domain generality focal regions frontal cortex.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2013; 110: 16616-16621Crossref (296) Moore Armstrong, 2003Moore T. Armstrong K.M. Selective gating signals microstimulation cortex.Nature. 2003; 421: 370-373Crossref (737) state functionality depend tightly controlled activity brainstem release target sites. Neuromodulators configure neuronal circuits specify output (Marder, 2012Marder Neuromodulation circuits: back future.Neuron. 2012; 76: 1-11Abstract (324) They thus shape information local large-scale networks, relevant, irrelevant, prioritized. This turn drives behavior subject hopes rewarding minimizes adverse outcomes. Understanding precisely achieved level neurons, vital basic clinical neuroscience. most strongly implicated acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT). review, focus relevance control. While will role relation above major roles aspects cognition, reward signaling (e.g., ACh DA, Richardson DeLong, 1986Richardson R.T. DeLong M.R. Nucleus basalis Meynert during delayed response task monkey.Brain Res. 1986; 399: 364-368Crossref Rutledge 2015Rutledge R.B. Skandali Dayan P. Dolan R.J. Dopaminergic modulation decision making subjective well-being.J. 35: 9811-9822Crossref (66) Schultz, 2015Schultz W. signals: theories data.Physiol. 95: 853-951Crossref (307) Scholar), (DA, NA, Arnsten Goldman-Rakic, 1990Arnsten A.F. Goldman-Rakic P.S. Analysis alpha-2 adrenergic agonist effects nonmatch-to-sample performance aged rhesus monkeys.Neurobiol. Aging. 1990; 11: 583-590Crossref (0) Gamo 2010Gamo N.J. Wang Methylphenidate atomoxetine enhance function through α2-adrenergic D1 receptors.J. Am. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2010; 49: 1011-1023Abstract (142) Mao 1999Mao Z.M. Li B.M. Local infusion alpha-1 into cortex impairs spatial monkeys.Biol. 1999; 46: 1259-1265Abstract Sawaguchi 1994Sawaguchi D1-dopamine receptor memory: injections antagonists monkeys performing oculomotor delayed-response task.J. Neurophysiol. 1994; 71: 515-528Crossref (510) 2004Wang Vijayraghavan S. D2 actions functional circuitry memory.Science. 2004; 303: 853-856Crossref (247) Williams 1995Williams G.V. Modulation fields receptors 376: 572-575Crossref (NA, 5-HT, Chamberlain 2006Chamberlain S.R. Müller U. Blackwell A.D. Clark L. Robbins T.W. Sahakian B.J. Neurochemical inhibition probabilistic learning humans.Science. 2006; 311: 861-863Crossref (350) Nandam 2011Nandam L.S. Hester Wagner Cummins T.D. Garner K. Dean A.J. Kim B.N. Nathan P.J. Mattingley J.B. Bellgrove M.A. but not citalopram modulates time variability.Biol. 2011; 69: 902-904Abstract (93) 2013Nandam Messer C. Honeysett A. Dopamine human error awareness.J. Cogn. 25: 649-656Crossref (22) 2014Nandam Dissociable common methylphenidate, neural networks.Neuropsychologia. 2014; 56: 263-270Crossref (16) Winstanley 2006Winstanley C.A. Theobald D.E. Dalley J.W. Cardinal R.N. Double dissociation between serotonergic dopaminergic medial orbitofrontal test impulsive choice.Cereb. Cortex. 16: 106-114Crossref An important point address outset i.e., prioritization behaviorally inputs, differs memory. Working conceived active process whereby representations stored "on-line" prevent temporal decay intrusion competing distracting stimuli outside Dissociating those difficult practice two processes highly interactive (Awh Jonides, 2001Awh Jonides Overlapping memory.Trends 2001; 5: 119-126Abstract (770) Attention, conceptualized paper, mechanism preferential task-relevant (distracting) information, it filter mechanism. driven currently held sense, acts service paradigms employed neurophysiological studies potentially close coupling cue-guided tasks task). task, brief cue triggers signal enacts goal memory-guided saccade cued location. contend covert would also allocated location period, rendering largely inseparable. correlates either "delay activity"; is, occurs (or persists) even after cue) removed environment (Fuster, 1973Fuster J.M. Unit performance: transient memory.J. 1973; 36: 61-78Crossref Similarly, (either symbolic) activate specifying should monitored occurrence target, monitoring (the information) performed Again, scenario period dissociate, if initial generation memory) briefly separable itself). Given pervasive use monkey neurophysiology Chang 2012Chang M.H. Dissociation variability firing rate eye field stimulation, memory, attention.J. 32: 2204-2216Crossref (28) Funahashi 1989Funahashi Bruce C.J. Mnemonic coding space monkey's dorsolateral cortex.J. 1989; 61: 331-349Crossref (1752) draw evidence review. different affect specific signaling, knowledge Rather, aim delineate enable direct action, enabling states, favor selection. Such low-level necessary validate work conceptualizes neuromodulator theoretical perspective (for example, Yu Dayan, 2005Yu Uncertainty, neuromodulation, attention.Neuron. 2005; 681-692Abstract (828) help understand why neuropharmacological manipulations context specific. pharmacotherapies. note that, although full possible given data, state-of-the-art questions addressed future. act mostly metabotropic receptors, G-proteins trigger second messenger cascades. types reduce transmitter release, synaptic efficacy, postsynaptic excitability circuits. Exceptions pathways exist ACh, ionotropic nicotinic 5-HT3 receptor. Detailed reviews regarding action found elsewhere Beaulieu Gainetdinov, 2011Beaulieu Gainetdinov R.R. physiology, pharmacology receptors.Pharmacol. 63: 182-217Crossref (1273) Hein, 2006Hein Adrenoceptors transduction neurons.Cell Tissue 326: 541-551Crossref (126) Nichols Nichols, 2008Nichols C.D. Serotonin receptors.Chem. 2008; 108: 1614-1641Crossref (501) Thiele, 2013Thiele Muscarinic brain.Annu. 271-294Crossref (64) follow classic Yerkes-Dodson (inverted U-curve) dose-response relationship (Yerkes Dodson, 1908Yerkes R.M. Dodson J.D. strength rapidity habit-formation.J. Comp. Neurol. Psychol. 1908; 459-482Crossref describes phenomenon too little much neuromodulatory drive equally detrimental ability. described (Smucny 2015Smucny Olincy Eichman Tregellas J.R. nicotine auditory attention.Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 232: 2017-2028Crossref (8) DA (Vijayraghavan 2007Vijayraghavan Birnbaum S.G. Inverted-U engaged memory.Nat. 2007; 10: 376-384Crossref (638) NA (Aston-Jones Cohen, 2005Aston-Jones G. Cohen integrative theory locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain optimal performance.Annu. 28: 403-450Crossref (1884) Aston-Jones 1999Aston-Jones Rajkowski Role coeruleus flexibility.Biol. 1309-1320Abstract (541) 5-HT (Cano-Colino 2014Cano-Colino Almeida Gomez-Cabrero D. Artigas F. Compte regulates nonmonotonically network.Cereb. 24: 2449-2463Crossref To link activity, first provide directed objects, world. articles Maunsell Treue, 2006Maunsell J.H. Treue Feature-based cortex.Trends 29: 317-322Abstract (517) Maunsell, 2015Maunsell J.H.R. Vis. 1: 373-391Crossref Miller Buschman, 2013Miller E.K. Buschman T.J. Cortical attention.Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 23: 216-222Crossref (122) Our here same reported neuromodulators. many cases indirect, cell population arises was manipulated. Nevertheless, extant data allow us likely scenarios describe could aid Over course past 30 years, large number delineated signatures defined individual selects prioritizes information. correlates, term "top-down attention" descriptor changes occur following process. benefits emergent property populations within area multiple areas. One main alteration rates (Reynolds 2000Reynolds Pasternak increases sensitivity V4 neurons.Neuron. 2000; 26: 703-714Abstract Spitzer 1988Spitzer H. Moran Increased enhances performance.Science. 1988; 240: 338-340Crossref 1996Treue Attentional motion MT MST.Nature. 1996; 382: 539-541Crossref (719) Neurons represent respond differently they receive. general, representing attended show increased rates. observed across all subcortical investigated Krauzlis 2013Krauzlis Lovejoy L.P. Zénon Superior colliculus 165-182Crossref (245) Noudoost 2010Noudoost B. Steinmetz N.A. 20: 183-190Crossref (174) result suppression unattended locations (Martinez-Trujillo 2004Martinez-Trujillo J.C. selectivity responses primate cortex.Curr. Biol. 14: 744-751Abstract (430) ways input-output relationships were originally captured models "gain change." Gain change affected These take forms, proportionally (response change), less-salient (contrast reduction (non-preferred) increase salient (preferred) (see Figure 1A, Martinez-Trujillo McAdams 1999McAdams Effects orientation-tuning macaque V4.J. 19: 431-441Crossref Reynolds Thiele 2009Thiele Pooresmaeili Delicato Herrero J.L. Roelfsema P.R. Additive contrast primary cortex.Cereb. 2009; 2970-2981Crossref (52) Williford 2006Williford 96: 40-54Crossref (216) can, some extent, unified normalization model (Lee 2009Lee unit responses.PLoS ONE. 4: e4651Crossref Mitchell 2009Mitchell J.F. Sundberg K.A. Spatial decorrelates intrinsic fluctuations V4.Neuron. 879-888Abstract (389) Ni 2012Ni A.M. Ray Tuned explains size modulations.Neuron. 73: 803-813Abstract (46) Sanayei 2015Sanayei Distler V1.Eur. 41: 949-964Crossref (2) assumes excitatory, normalizing excitation induced extrastriate cortex, does indeed putative excitatory cells (Mitchell 2007Mitchell Differential attention-dependent classes 55: 131-141Abstract (397) 2016Thiele Brandt Dasilva Gotthardt Chicharro Panzeri stabilization broad narrow-spiking eye-field monkeys.J. 2016; 7601-7612Crossref (13) At glance, seem counterintuitive rates, when counter effect. effect understood terms 1999Reynolds Chelazzi Competitive subserve V2 1736-1753Crossref alters balance competition Heeger, 2009Reynolds Heeger D.J. 168-185Abstract (692) attention-induced supports computations winner-take-all states (Carandini 2011Carandini Normalization canonical computation.Nat. 13: 51-62Crossref (775) Winner-take-all occur, biases one another win representation Wang, 2008Wang X.J. Decision recurrent circuits.Neuron. 60: 215-234Abstract (330) winning shows suppresses its competitors. Competition space. When decisions competing, interaction converges toward (winning) choice naturally attractor networks. Attractor move labile undergo regular easy transitions, stable (attractor) dominates. stability determined (Deco Hugues, 2012Deco Hugues underlying reduction.PLoS Comput. 8: e1002395Crossref (55) Deco 2014Deco Ponce-Alvarez Hagmann Romani Mantini How excitation-inhibition ratio impacts whole brain dynamics.J. 34: 7886-7898Crossref By drive, unstable patterns (representations) converge more pattern dominates 1D schematic). (such location), item formed, motor plan. Importantly, (illustrated depth valley 1D) influenced later parts review). Cognitive operations supporting flexibility (but cost distractibility), whereas benefit focus. Stabilized characterized decreased losing changes). addition, stabilized exhibit reduced co-variability (Cohen 2009Cohen improves primarily reducing interneuronal correlations.Nat. 12: 1594-1600Crossref (537) 2013Herrero Gieselmann Attention-induced variance noise correlation V1 mediated NMDA receptors.Neuron. 78: 729-739Abstract (81) Rabinowitz 2015Rabinowitz N.C. Goris R.L. Simoncelli E.P. stabilizes shared populations.eLife. e08998Crossref (70) Ruff 2014Ruff D.A.

Language: Английский

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Orbitofrontal Cortex: A Neural Circuit for Economic Decisions

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(4), P. 736 - 754

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an anatomically distinct subclass

eLife, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Aug. 31, 2015

Combining rabies-virus tracing, optical clearing (CLARITY), and whole-brain light-sheet imaging, we mapped the monosynaptic inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons projecting different targets (different parts of striatum, cortex, amygdala, etc) in mice. We found that most populations receive a similar set rather than forming strong reciprocal connections with their target areas. A common feature among was existence dense 'clusters' within ventral striatum. However, posterior striatum were outliers, receiving relatively few from instead more globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta. These results lay foundation for understanding input/output structure circuit demonstrate constitute unique class regulated by inputs.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of pavlovian and instrumental extinction learning

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(2), P. 611 - 681

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, phenomenon in which a behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning decreases strength when outcome reinforced it is removed. Behavioral research indicates neither nor operant extinction depends substantially on erasure original but instead new inhibitory primarily expressed context learned, as exemplified by renewal effect. Although nature inhibition may differ and either case decline responding depend both generalization decrement correction prediction error. At neural level, requires tripartite circuit involving amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus. Synaptic plasticity amygdala essential for learning, cortical neurons encoding fear memories involved retrieval. Hippocampal-prefrontal circuits mediate relapse phenomena, including renewal. Instrumental involves distinct ensembles corticostriatal, striatopallidal, striatohypothalamic well their thalamic returns (extinction) excitatory (renewal other phenomena) control over responding. The field made significant progress recent decades, although fully integrated biobehavioral understanding still awaits.

Language: Английский

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The Brain from Inside Out

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 17, 2019

Abstract The Brain from Inside Out takes a critical look at contemporary brain research and reminds us that theoretical framework does matter. Current technology-driven neuroscience is still largely fueled by an empiricist philosophy assuming the brain’s goal to perceive, represent world, learn truth. An inevitable consequence of this assumption decision-making homunculus wedged between our perception actions. In contrast, advocates fundamental function induce actions predict consequences those support survival prosperity host. Brains constantly test their hypotheses producing rather than searching for veridical objective world. Only can provide second opinion about relevance sensory inputs meaning interpretation inputs. inside-out framework, it not sensations teach build up its circuits. Instead, comes with preconfigured self-organized dynamics constrains how acts views Both anatomical physiological organizations are characterized enormous diversity which spans several orders magnitude. two ends continuous landscape give rise apparently distinct qualitative features. A small core strongly interconnected, highly active neurons provides fast “good-enough” answers in needy situations generalizations, whereas detailed precise solutions rely on contribution more isolated sluggish majority. non-egalitarian organization, preexisting nonsense patterns become meaningful through action-based experience. offers alternative strategy investigate operations cognitive faculties, as opposed outside-in approach explores preconceived ideas map onto structures.

Language: Английский

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