The Evolved Mind and Modern Education

Published: March 12, 2024

Humans have an extraordinary ability to create evolutionarily novel knowledge, such as writing systems and mathematics.This accumulated knowledge over several millennia supports large, dynamic societies that now require children learn this in educational settings.This Element provides a framework for understanding the evolution of brain enable innovation learning how these can act on human cognitive universals, language, abilities, reading writing.Critical features networks include top-down control attention, which is central formation well self-awareness mental time travel support academic self-concepts generation long-term goals.The basics are reviewed updated here, implications instructional practices.

Language: Английский

---

Multivariate mapping of low-resilient neurocognitive systems within and around low-grade gliomas

Brain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 147(8), P. 2718 - 2731

Published: April 22, 2024

Accumulating evidence suggests that the brain exhibits a remarkable capacity for functional compensation in response to neurological damage, resilience potential is deeply rooted malleable features of its underlying anatomofunctional architecture. This propensity particularly exemplified by diffuse low-grade glioma, subtype primary tumour. However, plasticity not boundless, and surgical resections directed at structures with limited neuroplasticity can lead incapacitating impairments. Yet, maximizing glioma offers substantial oncological benefits, especially when resection extends beyond tumour margins (i.e. supra-tumour or supratotal resection). In this context, objective study was identify which cerebral were associated less favourable cognitive outcomes after surgery, while accounting intra-tumour resections. To achieve objective, we leveraged unique cohort 400 patients who underwent surgery awake mapping. Patients benefitted from neuropsychological assessment consisting 18 subtests administered before 3 months surgery. We analysed changes performance applied topography-focused disconnection-focused multivariate lesion-symptom mapping using support vector regressions, an attempt capture resected cortico-subcortical amenable full compensation. The observed magnitude, suggesting overall recovery (13 tasks recovered fully despite mean extent 92.4%). Nevertheless, analyses revealed lack picture naming linked damage left inferior temporal gyrus longitudinal fasciculus. Likewise, semantic fluency abilities, association established precuneus/posterior cingulate. For phonological dorsomedial frontal cortex aslant tract implicated. Moreover, difficulties spatial exploration injury right prefrontal connectivity. An exploratory analysis suggested pronounced following specific patterns, such as uncinate fasciculus (picture naming), corticostriatal anterior corpus callosum (phonological fluency), hippocampus parahippocampus (episodic memory) frontal-mesial areas (visuospatial exploration). Collectively, these patterns results shed new light on both low-resilient neural systems prediction Furthermore, they indicate only occasionally well tolerated viewpoint. doing so, have deep implications planning rehabilitation strategies.

Language: Английский

---

Optimized combination of MALDI MSI and immunofluorescence for neuroimaging of lipids within cellular microenvironments

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Proper neurological function relies on the cellular and molecular microenvironment of brain, with perturbations this environment leading to disorders. However, studying microenvironments tissue has proven difficult because its inherent complexity. Both cell type metabolomic underpinnings have crucial functional roles, thus making multimodal characterization methods key acquiring a holistic view brain’s microenvironment. This study investigates for combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy enable concurrent investigation types lipid profiles same sample. In brief, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (CHCA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic (DHB) were tested in addition instrument-specific parameters compatibility IF. Alternatively, effects IF protocols MALDI MSI also tested, showing significant signal loss all permutations. Ultimately, use CHCA resulted best images, while DAN gave lowest quality images. Overall, increasing power number shots per burst most ablation. optimized parameter settings allowed minimal ablation maintaining sufficient signal.

Language: Английский

---

Predictors of cognition after glioma surgery: connectotomy, structure-function phenotype, plasticity

Brain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 147(8), P. 2621 - 2635

Published: April 4, 2024

Determining preoperatively the maximal extent of resection that would preserve cognitive functions is core challenge brain tumour surgery. Over past decade, methodological framework to achieve this goal has been thoroughly renewed: population-level topographically-focused voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping progressively overshadowed by machine learning (ML) algorithmics, in which problem framed as predicting outcomes a patient-specific manner from typically large set variables. However, choice these predictors utmost importance, they should be both informative and parsimonious. In perspective, we first introduce concept connectotomy: instead parameterizing topography through status (intact/resected) huge number voxels (or parcels) paving whole Cartesian 3D-space, connectotomy models connectivity space, computing handful networks disconnection indices, measuring how structural sustaining each network interest was hit resection. This connectivity-informed reduction dimensionality necessary step for efficiently implementing ML tools, given relatively small patient-examples available training datasets. We further argue two other major sources interindividual variability must considered improve accuracy with are predicted: underlying structure-function phenotype neuroplasticity, provide an in-depth review propose new ways determining relevant predictors. finally discuss benefits our approach precision surgery glioma.

Language: Английский

---

Functional and oncological outcomes after right hemisphere glioma resection in awake versus asleep patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neurosurgical Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(1)

Published: April 16, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Glioma surgery with awake language mapping versus generalized anesthesia: a systematic review

Neurosurgical Review, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 1997 - 2011

Published: Oct. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

---

White Matter Tracts and Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas: The Pivotal Role of Myelin Plasticity in the Tumor Pathogenesis, Infiltration Patterns, Functional Consequences and Therapeutic Management

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 2, 2022

For many decades, interactions between diffuse lower-grade glioma (LGG) and brain connectome were neglected. However, the neoplasm progression is intimately linked to its environment, especially white matter (WM) tracts their myelin status. First, while etiopathogenesis of LGG unclear, this tumor seems appear during adolescence, it mostly located within anterior associative cerebral areas. Because these structures correspond those which myelinated later in maturation process, WM myelination could play a role development LGG. Second, fibers characteristics also participate diffusion, since cells migrate along subcortical pathways, when exhibiting demyelinated phenotype, may result large invasion parenchyma. Third, such migratory pattern can induce functional (neurological, cognitive behavioral) disturbances, because represent main limitation neuroplastic potential. These parameters are critical for tailoring an individualized therapeutic strategy, both (i) regarding timing active treatment(s) must be proposed earlier, before too wide infiltration bundles, (ii) anatomic extent surgical resection irradiation, should take account connectivity. Therefore, new science connectomics integrated management, based upon improved understanding interplay across dissemination reactional neural networks reconfiguration, order optimize long-term oncological outcomes. To end, mechanisms activity-dependent plasticity better investigated.

Language: Английский

---

Awake Mapping With Transopercular Approach in Right Insular–Centered Low-Grade Gliomas Improves Neurological Outcomes and Return to Work

Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 91(1), P. 182 - 190

Published: April 21, 2022

Asleep vs awake surgery for right insula-centered low-grade glioma (LGG) is still debated.To compare neurological outcomes and return to work after resection insular/paralimbic LGG performed without with mapping.A personal surgical experience of was analyzed, by comparing 2 consecutive periods. In the first period (group 1), patients underwent asleep motor mapping. second 2), intraoperative mapping movement cognitive functions.This series included 143 LGGs: 41 in group 1 (1999-2009) 102 (2009-2020). There were no significant difference concerning preoperative clinicoradiological characteristics histopathology results between both groups. Intraoperative positive all cases 1. 2, beyond mapping, somatosensory, visuospatial, language, and/or functions identified during cortical-subcortical stimulation. Postoperatively, 3 experienced a long-lasting deterioration hemiparesis due deep stroke (1.3%) severe depressive syndrome, them none (P = .022). The rate RTW 81.5% 95.5% .016). tumor volume extent did not significantly differ across groups.This study LGG. Despite similar resection, functional better avoiding permanent impairment increasing RTW. These support higher-order procedure.

Language: Английский

---

Functional MRI in Neuro-Oncology: State of the Art and Future Directions

Radiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 308(3)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Since its discovery in the early 1990s, functional MRI (fMRI) has been used to study human brain function. One well-established application of fMRI clinical setting is neurosurgical planning patients with tumors near eloquent cortical areas. Clinical aims preoperatively identify cortices that serve essential functions daily life, such as hand movement and language. The primary goal neurosurgery maximize tumor resection while sparing adjacent tumor. When a lesion presents vicinity an cortex, surgeons may use plan their best surgical approach by determining proximity regions activation, providing guidance for awake surgery intraoperative mapping. acquisition requires patient preparation prior imaging, determination paradigms, monitoring performance, both processing analysis images. Interpretation maps strong understanding neuroanatomy familiarity technical limitations frequently present including neurovascular uncoupling, compliance, data analysis. This review discusses neuro-oncology, relevant ongoing research topics, prospective future developments this exciting discipline.

Language: Английский

---

Same, Same but Different? A Multi-Method Review of the Processes Underlying Executive Control

Neuropsychology Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 418 - 454

Published: March 27, 2023

Language: Английский

---