What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans?

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 1 - 41

Published: Dec. 5, 2007

Prolactin (PRL) is a 23-kDa protein hormone that binds to single-span membrane receptor, member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, and exerts its action via several interacting signaling pathways. PRL multifunctional affects multiple reproductive metabolic functions also involved in tumorigenicity. In addition being classical pituitary hormone, humans produced by many tissues throughout body where it acts as cytokine. The objective this review compare contrast aspects PRL, from structure regulation, physiology pathology rats, mice, humans. At each juncture, questions are raised whether, or what extent, data rodents relevant homeostasis Most current knowledge on has been obtained studies with rats and, more recently, use transgenic mice. Although information indispensable for understanding human health disease, there sufficient disparity control production, distribution, physiological among these species warrant careful judicial extrapolation

Language: Английский

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Developmental Biology of Uterine Glands1

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 65(5), P. 1311 - 1323

Published: Nov. 1, 2001

All mammalian uteri contain endometrial glands that synthesize or transport and secrete substances essential for survival development of the conceptus (embryo/fetus associated extraembryonic membranes). In rodents, uterine secretory products are unequivocally required establishment receptivity implantation. Analyses ovine gland knockout model support a primary role and, by default, their secretions in peri-implantation development. Uterine adenogenesis is process whereby develop. humans, this begins fetus, continues postnatally, completed during puberty. contrast, primarily postnatal event sheep, pigs, rodents. Typically, involves differentiation budding glandular epithelium from luminal epithelium, followed invagination extensive tubular coiling branching morphogenesis throughout stroma to myometrium. This requires site-specific alterations cell proliferation extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling as well paracrine cell-cell cell-ECM interactions actions specific hormones growth factors. Studies neonatal ungulates implicate prolactin, estradiol-17β, receptors mechanisms regulating adenogenesis. These same appear regulate menstruating primates humans reconstruction functionalis basalis endometrium after menses. sheep hyperplasia hypertrophy occur gestation, presumably provide increasing histotrophic rabbit, pig, servomechanism proposed differentiated function pregnancy sequential ovarian steroid hormones, recognition signals, lactogenic pituitary placenta. That disruption critical organizational periods can alter functional capacity embryotrophic potential adult uterus reinforces importance understanding developmental biology glands. Unexplained high rates embryonic loss livestock may reflect defects due genetic errors, epigenetic influences endocrine disruptors, pathological lesions.

Language: Английский

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Circadian clock control of endocrine factors

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 466 - 475

Published: May 27, 2014

Language: Английский

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Prolactin: The New Biology of an Old Hormone

Annual Review of Physiology, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 47 - 67

Published: March 1, 2002

▪ Abstract Prolactin (PRL) is a paradoxical hormone. Historically known as the pituitary hormone of lactation, it has had attributed to more than 300 separate actions, which can be correlated quasi-ubiquitous distribution its receptor. Meanwhile, PRL-related knockout models have mainly highlighted irreplaceable role in functions lactation and reproduction, suggests that most other reported target tissues are presumably modulated by, rather strictly dependent on, PRL. The multiplicity PRL actions animals direct opposition paucity arguments suggest involvement human pathophysiology effects on reproduction. Although many experimental data argue for progression some tumors, such breast prostate cancers, drugs lowering circulating levels ineffective. This observation opens new avenues research into understanding whether local production involved tumor growth and, if so, how extrapituitary synthesis regulated. Finally, physiological relevance variants, antiangiogenic 16K-like fragments, needs elucidated. review aimed at critically discussing these recent findings renewed manner should considered multifunctional

Language: Английский

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Central Fatigue

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 881 - 909

Published: Jan. 1, 2006

Language: Английский

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Cerebral perturbations provoked by prolonged exercise

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 223 - 261

Published: March 1, 2004

Language: Английский

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Prolactin and dopamine: What is the connection? A Review Article

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 22(2_suppl), P. 12 - 19

Published: March 1, 2008

Dopamine (DA) holds a predominant role in the regulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion. Through direct effect on anterior pituitary lactotrophs, DA inhibits basally high-secretory tone cell. It accomplishes this by binding to D2 receptors expressed cell membrane lactotroph, activation which results reduction PRL exocytosis and gene expression variety intracellular signalling mechanisms. The hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons, provide gland, are themselves regulated feedback from through short-loop mechanism . A other modulators secretion act at level either disinhibition (e.g. serotonin, GABA, oestrogens opioids) or reinforcing it substance P). All typical antipsychotic medications associated with sustained hyperprolactinaemia due their high affinity for receptor slow dissociation once bound, but atypicals differ quite dramatically propensity cause prolonged levels. Of those that elevation, main causative factor appears be higher peripheral-to-central dopamine potency parent drug its active metabolite risperidone, 9-hydroxy-risperidone amisulpride). Antipsychotics easily cross blood—brain barrier exhibit fast bound do not result hyperprolactinaemia.

Language: Английский

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Xenoestrogens at Picomolar to Nanomolar Concentrations Trigger Membrane Estrogen Receptor-α–Mediated Ca ²⁺ Fluxes and Prolactin Release in GH3/B6 Pituitary Tumor Cells

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 113(4), P. 431 - 439

Published: Jan. 14, 2005

Xenoestrogens (XEs) are widespread in our environment and known to have deleterious effects animal (and perhaps human) populations. Acting as inappropriate estrogens, XEs thought interfere with endogenous estrogens such estradiol (E2) disrupt normal estrogenic signaling. We investigated the of E2 versus several representing organochlorine pesticides (dieldrin, endosulfan, o',p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene), plastics manufacturing by-products/detergents (nonylphenol, bisphenol A), a phytoestrogen (coumestrol), synthetic estrogen (diethylstilbestrol) on pituitary tumor cell subline GH3/B6/F10, previously selected for expression high levels membrane receptor-alpha. Picomolar nanomolar concentrations both caused intracellular Ca2+ changes within 30 sec administration. Each XE produced unique temporal pattern elevation. Removing from extracellular solution abolished spontaneous XE-induced changes, did 10 microM nifedipine. This suggests that mediate their actions via voltage-dependent L-type channels plasma membrane. None fluxes came stores. each also time- concentration-dependent patterns prolactin (PRL) secretion were largely complete 3 min PRL was blocked by nifedipine, demonstrating correlation between influx secretion. These data indicate at very low concentrations, membrane-initiated CCa2+ increases resulting mechanism similar E2, but distinct potencies could explain abilities endocrine functions.

Language: Английский

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Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Sex, Lineage, and Regional Diversity in the Mouse Kidney

Developmental Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 51(3), P. 399 - 413.e7

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Novel and Newly Approved Antipsychotics on Serum Prolactin Levels: A Comprehensive Review

CNS Drugs, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2014

Since the 1970s, clinicians have increasingly become more familiar with hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) as a common adverse effect of antipsychotic medication, which remains cornerstone pharmacological treatment for patients schizophrenia. Although second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) group is, compared use first-generation antipsychotics, associated lower prolactin (PRL) plasma levels, detailed effects on PRL levels each these compounds in reports often remain incomplete or inaccurate. Moreover, at this moment, no review has been published about newly approved asenapine, iloperidone and lurasidone levels. The objective is to describe physiology; measurement; diagnosis, causes, consequences mechanisms HPRL; incidence figures (new-onset) HPRL SGAs adolescent adult patients; revisit lingering questions regarding hormone. A literature search, using MEDLINE database (1966-December 2013), was conducted identify relevant publications report state art summarize available evidence respect propensity elevate Our shows that although usually defined sustained level above laboratory upper limit normal, values show some degree variability clinical reports, making interpretation comparison data across studies difficult. many do not provide much any detailing measurement PRL. highest rates are consistently reported association amisulpride, risperidone paliperidone, while aripiprazole quetiapine most favorable profile outcome, all can induce elevations, especially beginning treatment, potential cause new-onset HPRL. Considering PRL-elevating seems indicate agents comparable clozapine (asenapine iloperidone), ziprasidone olanzapine (lurasidone). elevations medication generally dose dependant. However, having high elevation (amisulpride, paliperidone) profound impact even relatively low doses, minimal PRL, cases, unchanged (quetiapine) reduce (aripiprazole) over dosages. tolerance decreases after long-term administration occur, normal. profiles children adolescents seem be same adults. hyperprolactinemic mostly correlated their affinity dopamine D2 receptors anterior pituitary lactotrophs (and probably other neurotransmitter mechanisms) blood-brain barrier penetrating capability. Even though pharmacologically induced HPRL, recent research shown pre-existing substantial portion antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis at-risk mental state.

Language: Английский

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