The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2020

Abstract There is increasing evidence showing that the dynamic changes in gut microbiota can alter brain physiology and behavior. Cognition was originally thought to be regulated only by central nervous system. However, it now becoming clear many non-nervous system factors, including gut-resident bacteria of gastrointestinal tract, regulate influence cognitive dysfunction as well process neurodegeneration cerebrovascular diseases. Extrinsic intrinsic factors dietary habits composition microbiota. Microbes release metabolites microbiota-derived molecules further trigger host-derived cytokines inflammation system, which contribute greatly pathogenesis host disorders such pain, depression, anxiety, autism, Alzheimer’s diseases, Parkinson’s disease, stroke. Change blood–brain barrier permeability, vascular physiology, structure are among most critical causes development downstream neurological dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss following parts: Overview technical approaches used microbiome studies Microbiota immunity Gut Microbiota-induced Neuropsychiatric diseases ■ Stress depression Pain migraine Autism spectrum Neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Multiple Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis Stroke Arteriovenous malformation Conclusions perspectives

Language: Английский

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Causal Relationship between Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Changes and Diabetes: A Novel Strategy to Transplant Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Preventing Diabetes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 3720 - 3720

Published: Nov. 22, 2018

The incidence of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, has elevated exponentially during the last decades and enhanced risk a variety complications, such as diabetes cardiovascular diseases. In present review, we have highlighted new insights on complex relationships between diet-induced modulation gut microbiota diabetes. Literature from various library databases electronic searches (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar) were randomly collected. There exists relationship diet microbiota, which alters energy balance, health impacts, autoimmunity, further causes inflammation dysfunction, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is butyrate-producing bacterium, plays vital role in Transplantation F. been used an intervention strategy to treat dysbiosis gut’s microbial community that linked inflammation, precedes autoimmune disease review focuses literature highlights benefits especially, abundant protecting pattern its therapeutic potential against

Language: Английский

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Disorders of the enteric nervous system — a holistic view

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 393 - 410

Published: Jan. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Guts Imbalance Imbalances the Brain: A Review of Gut Microbiota Association With Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 31, 2022

Over the last 10 years, there has been a growing interest in relationship between gut microbiota, brain, and neurologic-associated affections. As multiple preclinical clinical research studies highlight microbiota’s potential to modulate general state of health state, it goes without saying that microbiota plays significant role neurogenesis, mental cognitive development, emotions, behaviors, progression neuropsychiatric illnesses. Gut produces important biologic products that, through gut-brain axis, are directly connected with appearance evolution neurological psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s dementia, sclerosis, epilepsy. This study reviews recent on link microbiome’s shaping development most common Moreover, special attention is paid use probiotic formulations non-invasive therapeutic opportunity for prevention management neuropsychiatric-associated

Language: Английский

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Sarcoidosis: Causes, Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatments

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 1081 - 1081

Published: April 10, 2020

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations that commonly affects the pulmonary system and other organs including eyes, skin, liver, spleen, lymph nodes. usually presents persistent dry cough, eye skin manifestations, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, erythema nodosum. not influenced by sex or age, although it more common in adults (< 50 years) of African-American Scandinavians decent. Diagnosis can be difficult because symptoms only verified following histopathological examination. Various factors, infection, genetic predisposition, environmental are involved pathology sarcoidosis. Exposures to insecticides, herbicides, bioaerosols, agricultural employment also associated an increased risk for Due its unknown etiology, early diagnosis detection difficult; however, advent advanced technologies, such as endobronchial ultrasound-guided biopsy, high-resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has improved our ability reliably diagnose this condition accurately forecast prognosis. This review discusses causes features sarcoidosis, improvements made prognosis, therapeutic management, recent discovery potential biomarkers diagnostic assay used sarcoidosis confirmation.

Language: Английский

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Lactobacillus reuteri tryptophan metabolism promotes host susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Dysregulation of gut microbiota-associated tryptophan metabolism has been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, defining direct mechanistic links between this apparent metabolic rewiring and individual constituents the microbiota remains challenging. We others have previously shown that colonization commensal putative probiotic species, Lactobacillus reuteri, unexpectedly enhances host susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model To identify underlying mechanisms, we characterized genome L. reuteri isolates, coupled vitro vivo metabolomic profiling, modulation dietary substrates, manipulation.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Synthetic Immunology for Targeted Treatment of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Immuno, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 6 - 6

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

Systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) affect millions worldwide, presenting significant clinical challenges due to their complex pathogenesis and limited treatment options. Traditional immunosuppressive therapies, while effective, often lack precision, leading side effects inadequate disease control. Recent advances in synthetic immunology offer promising avenues for precise, targeted interventions SAIDs. This review examines the latest innovations treating diseases, focusing on engineered immune cells, biologics, gene-editing technologies. It explores therapeutic potential of these approaches modulate tolerance, reduce systemic inflammation, enhance patient-specific efficacy. However, despite developments, remain, including system complexity, safety concerns, regulatory hurdles that may hinder translation. aims consolidate current advancements, address existing barriers, outline future directions management, highlighting immunology’s role transforming landscape

Language: Английский

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Combination of cannabinoids, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by altering the gut microbiome

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 25 - 35

Published: July 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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T-Cell-Driven Inflammation as a Mediator of the Gut-Brain Axis Involved in Parkinson's Disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 14, 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the dopaminergic neurons of nigrostriatal pathway, neuronal circuit involved in control movements, thereby main manifestations correspond to motor impairments. The major molecular hallmark this corresponds presence pathological protein inclusions called Lewy bodies midbrain patients, which have been extensively associated with neurotoxic effects. Importantly, different research groups demonstrated that CD4+ T-cells infiltrate into substantia nigra PD patients and animal models. Moreover, several studies consistently T-cell deficiency results strong attenuation neurodegeneration models PD, thus indicating key role adaptive immunity process. Recent evidence has shown response directed oxidised forms α-synuclein, one constituents bodies. On other hand, most present number non-motor manifestations. Among manifestations, gastrointestinal dysfunctions result especially important as potential early biomarkers since they are ubiquitously found among confirmed occur much earlier than symptoms. These include constipation inflammation gut mucosa distinctive pathologic features loss enteric nervous system generation gut. emerging recently pivotal microbiota triggering development genetically predisposed individuals. Of note, positively correlated inflammatory bowel diseases, group disorders involving driven mucosa, strongly dependent composition microbiota. Here we raised hypothesis inflammation, mediates triggered mucosa. Accordingly, discuss how structural components commensal bacteria or mediators produced by gut-microbiota, including short-chain fatty acids dopamine, may affect behaviour T-cells, responses against bodies, initially confined but later extended brain.

Language: Английский

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The Contribution of Gut Microbiota–Brain Axis in the Development of Brain Disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 23, 2021

Different bacterial families colonize most mucosal tissues in the human organism such as skin, mouth, vagina, respiratory, and gastrointestinal districts. In particular, mammalian intestine hosts a microbial community of between 1,000 1,500 species, collectively called “microbiota.” Co-metabolism microbiota host system is generated symbiotic relationship mutually beneficial. The balance that achieved fundamental to organization immune system. Scientific studies have highlighted direct correlation intestinal brain, establishing existence gut microbiota–brain axis. Based on this theory, acts development, physiology, cognitive functions although mechanisms involved not yet been fully interpreted. Similarly, close alteration onset several neurological pathologies has highlighted. This review aims point out current knowledge can be found literature regarding connection dysbiosis particular anxiety depression, autism spectrum disorder, multiple sclerosis. These disorders always considered consequence neuronal alteration, but review, we hypothesize these alterations may non-neuronal origin, consider idea composition could directly involved. direction, following two key points will highlighted: (1) cross-talk comes about neurons microbiota, (2) degree impact brain. Could valuable target for reducing or modulating incidence certain diseases?

Language: Английский

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