The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options

Brain, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 144(9), P. 2571 - 2593

Published: April 12, 2021

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with shows unique changes, be used as early biomarkers disease. Alterations the composition related cause or effect non-motor symptoms, but specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. and its metabolites have been suggested involved pathogenesis by regulating neuroinflammation, barrier function neurotransmitter activity. There bidirectional communication between enteric nervous system CNS, microbiota-gut-brain axis provide pathway for transmission α-synuclein. We highlight recent discoveries about alterations focus on current mechanistic insights into pathophysiology. Moreover, we discuss interactions production α-synuclein inflammation neuroinflammation. In addition, draw attention diet modification, use probiotics prebiotics faecal transplantation potential therapeutic approaches that lead new treatment paradigm

Language: Английский

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The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1001 - 1001

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases are highly prevalent but poorly understood, and with few treatment options despite decades of intense research, attention has recently shifted toward other mediators neurological disease that may present future targets for therapeutic research. One such mediator is the gut microbiome, which communicates brain through gut-brain axis been implicated in various disorders. Alterations microbiome have associated numerous diseases, restoration dysbiotic shown to improve conditions. method restoring a via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), recolonizing "diseased" normal microbiome. Fecal traditionally used Clostridium difficile infections, it neurodegenerative research as potential method. This review aims summary FMT, whether or investigate how influences pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Parkinson’s disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. The typical symptomatology PD includes motor symptoms; however, a range nonmotor symptoms, such as intestinal issues, usually occur before symptoms. Various microorganisms inhabiting gastrointestinal tract can profoundly influence physiopathology central nervous system through neurological, endocrine, and immune pathways involved in microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, extensive evidence suggests that gut microbiota strongly associated with PD. This review summarizes latest findings on microbial changes their clinical relevance, describes underlying mechanisms which bacteria may mediate PD, discusses correlations between microbes anti-PD drugs. this outlines status research therapies for future directions PD-gut research.

Language: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplantation: Emerging applications in autoimmune diseases

Journal of Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 141, P. 103038 - 103038

Published: April 26, 2023

Both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are important contributors to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. As an factor, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in development progression of diseases. Thus, strategies targeting alterations can potentially be used treat disease. Microbiota-based interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, dietary fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), have attracted growing interest novel treatment approaches. FMT is effective method for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections; moreover, it emerging promising patients with inflammatory bowel other Although mechanisms underpinning interaction between host not fully understood disease, has been shown restore altered composition, rebuild intestinal microecosystem, mediate innate adaptive immune responses achieve therapeutic effect. In this review, we provide overview discuss how approach Furthermore, recent challenges offer future research directions.

Language: Английский

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Current Evidence on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in ADHD Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 249 - 249

Published: Jan. 16, 2021

Studies suggest that the bidirectional relationship existent between gut microbiome (GM) and central nervous system (CNS), or so-called microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA), is involved in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases children adults. In pediatric age, most studies have focused on patients with autism. However, evidence of role played by MGBA attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), common neurodevelopmental childhood, still scanty heterogeneous. This review aims to provide current functioning ADHD specific omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) this interaction, as well potential GM a therapeutic target for ADHD. We will explore: (1) communication pathways CNS; (2) changes composition adolescents association pathophysiology; (3) influence ω-3 PUFA imbalance characteristically found ADHD; (4) interaction circadian rhythm regulation, sleep disorders are frequently comorbid (5) finally, we evaluate recent use probiotics

Language: Английский

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Investigating causality with fecal microbiota transplantation in rodents: applications, recommendations and pitfalls

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

In recent years, studies investigating the role of gut microbiota in health and diseases have increased enormously – making it essential to deepen question research methodology employed. Fecal transplantation (FMT) rodent (either from human or animal donors) allows us better understand causal intestinal across multiple fields. However, this technique lacks standardization requires careful experimental design order obtain optimal results. By comparing several which rodents are final recipients FMT, we summarize common practices review, document limitations method highlight different parameters be considered while designing FMT Studies. Standardizing is challenging, as differs according topic, but avoiding pitfalls feasible. Several methodological questions remain unanswered day offer a discussion on issues explored future studies.

Language: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is a Promising Method to Restore Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Relieve Neurological Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Background . Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce persistent fluctuation in the gut microbiota makeup and abundance. The present study is aimed at determining whether fecal transplantation (FMT) rescue changes ameliorate neurological deficits after TBI rats. Methods A controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to simulate male Sprague‐Dawley rats, FMT performed for 7 consecutive days. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing of samples analyze effects on microbiota. Modified severity score Morris water maze were evaluate neurobehavioral functions. Metabolomics screen differential metabolites from rat serum ipsilateral brains. oxidative stress indices measured brain. Results induced significance microbiome, including alpha‐ beta‐bacterial diversity, as well microbiome composition 8 days TBI. On other hand, could these relieve results showed that level trimethylamine (TMA) feces N‐oxide (TMAO) increased TBI, while decreased TMA levels feces, TMAO serum. Antioxidant enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) hippocampus but FMT. In addition, elevated SOD CAT activities GSH/GSSG ratio diminished ROS, GSSG, MDA Conclusions restore dysbiosis possibly through TMA‐TMAO‐MsrA signaling pathway

Language: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A New Therapeutic Attempt from the Gut to the Brain

Gastroenterology Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021, P. 1 - 20

Published: Jan. 16, 2021

Gut dysbacteriosis is closely related to various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) a biological therapy that entails transferring the gut from healthy individuals patients in order reconstruct microflora latter. It has been proved be an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Studies show plays important role pathophysiology of neurological psychiatric disorders through microbiota-gut-brain axis. Therefore, reconstruction promising new strategy treating cerebral We have reviewed latest research on different nervous system diseases as well FMT context its application neurological, psychiatric, other system-related (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar hepatic encephalopathy, neuropathic pain, etc.).

Language: Английский

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The Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. Is Its Dysfunction a Pathological Trigger or a Consequence of the Disease?

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 21, 2021

A large and expending body of evidence indicates that the gut-brain axis likely plays a crucial role in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). As whole, can be considered as bi-directional multi-crosstalk pathway governs interaction between gut microbiota organism. Perturbation commensal microbial population, referred to dysbiosis, is frequently associated with an increased intestinal permeability, or “leaky gut”, which allows entrance exogeneous molecules, particular bacterial products metabolites, disrupt tissue homeostasis induce inflammation, promoting both local systemic immune responses. An altered could therefore have significant repercussions not only on responses but also distal effector sites such CNS. Indeed, dysregulation this communication consequence dysbiosis has been implicated playing possible pathogenesis diseases. In (MS), increasingly being its pathogenesis, major focus specific alterations disease. MS purported murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), gastrointestinal symptoms and/or reported together permeability. EAE MS, components shown modulate regulatory T-cell disease progression, experiments germ-free pathogen-free mice transferred clearly demonstrated progression. Here, we review point two consequences dysfunction EAE: 1. pro-inflammatory environment “leaky” induced by lead CNS through cholinergic afferent fibers, thereby contributing inflammation pathogenesis; 2. Neuroinflammation affecting efferent transmission result progresses.

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiome as a Regulator of the Neuroimmune Landscape

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 143 - 167

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

The gut microbiome influences many host physiologies, spanning gastrointestinal function, metabolism, immune homeostasis, neuroactivity, and behavior. Many microbial effects on the are orchestrated by bidirectional interactions between system. Imbalances in this dialogue can lead to dysfunction immune-mediated conditions distal organs including brain. Dysbiosis of dysregulated neuroimmune responses common comorbidities neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurological disorders, highlighting importance microbiome-neuroimmune axis as a regulator central nervous system homeostasis. In review, we discuss recent evidence supporting role for regulating landscape health disease.

Language: Английский

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