The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11245 - 11245

Published: Sept. 24, 2022

Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is subject of intense research. The microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also psychiatric disorders. importance factors such as stress, mode delivery, role probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, occupational environmental exposure in relationship between brain function through bidirectional communication, described "the microbiome-gut-brain axis", especially underlined. In this review, we discuss link intestinal host response involving different pathways nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review alterations their results development disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BD), autism spectrum (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD).

Language: Английский

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The microbiota–gut–brain axis and neurodevelopmental disorders

Protein & Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 762 - 775

Published: May 11, 2023

Abstract The gut microbiota has been found to interact with the brain through microbiota–gut–brain axis, regulating various physiological processes. In recent years, impacts of on neurodevelopment this axis have increasingly appreciated. is commonly considered regulate three pathways, immune pathway, neuronal and endocrine/systemic overlaps crosstalks in between. Accumulating studies identified role neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity Rett Syndrome. Numerous researchers examined pathophysiological mechanisms influenced by (NDDs). This review aims provide a comprehensive overview advancements research pertaining microbiota-gut-brain NDDs. Furthermore, we analyzed both current state progress discuss future perspectives field.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Development and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 14, 2022

The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the nervous system. During fetal development, initial colonization of coincides with development system in timely, coordinated manner. Emerging studies suggest an active involvement and its metabolic by-products regulating early brain development. However, any disruption during this developmental process can negatively impact functionality, leading to range neurodevelopment neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). In review, we summarize recent evidence as how association major neurodevelopmental psychiatric such autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia. Further, discuss alterations also play role inducing drug resistance affected individuals. We propose model that establishes direct link dysbiosis exacerbated inflammatory state, functional deficits associated NPD. Based existing research, framework whereby diet intervention boost mental wellness subjects call for further research better understanding mechanisms govern gut-brain axis may lead novel approaches study pathophysiology treatment disorders.

Language: Английский

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Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 3934 - 3934

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, many other conditions, combined with COVID-19 pandemic, led to greater awareness of melatonin because its ability act potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between vitamin D in depth breadth their impact on health. Both hormones, affect systems through immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, found skin, responsive sunlight darkness. In fact, there may be widespread concern about deficiency “sunlight deficiency” reduced secretion result “darkness from overexposure artificial blue light. The trend toward use supplements resulted safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, application certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims evaluate recent data melatonin’s mechanisms, clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, thorough summary therapeutic considerations concerning supplementation, including different formats available (animal, synthetic, phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, nutrient combinations.

Language: Английский

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Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9577 - 9577

Published: May 31, 2023

The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in body and has potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, diverse overall health. When becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, ageing, this profound effect on our health linked many diseases, including metabolic inflammatory neurological diseases. While humans largely association dysbiosis with disease, animal models, causative can be demonstrated. brain particularly important maintaining health, strong neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental This suggests that microbiota composition used make early diagnosis diseases modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis might present therapeutic target for have proved intractable, aim altering trajectory such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity among others. other potentially reversible migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, long COVID, which considered models therapy disease. role traditional methods microbiome, well newer, more novel treatments faecal transplants photobiomodulation, are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Microglia autophagy in ischemic stroke: A double-edged sword

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major types cerebrovascular diseases causing neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide. In pathophysiological process IS, microglia play a beneficial role in tissue repair. However, it could also cause cellular damage, consequently leading to cell death. Inflammation characterized by activation microglia, increasing evidence showed that autophagy interacts with inflammation through regulating correlative mediators signaling pathways. this paper, we summarized harmful effects IS. addition, discussed interplay between ischemic inflammation, as along its application treatment We believe help provide theoretical references for further study into IS treatments future.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

The gut microbiota is a rich and dynamic ecosystem that actively interacts with the human body, playing significant role in state of health disease host. Diet, exercise, mental health, other factors have exhibited ability to influence bacterial composition, leading changes can prevent improve, or favor worsen, both intestinal extra-intestinal conditions. Altered microbial states, ‘dysbiosis’, associated conditions diseases are often characterized by shifts abundance diversity, including an impaired Firmicutes Bacteroidetes ratio. By understanding effect lifestyle on microbiota, personalized advice be generated suit each individual profile foster adoption ameliorate dysbiosis. delivery effective reliable advice, however, depends not only available research current topic, but also methods used assess individuals discover associations, which introduce bias at multiple stages. aim this review summarize how variability defined what choices shown association composition. Furthermore, popular investigate outlined, focus possible caused lack use standardized methods. Finally, overview based testing presented, underlining its power limitations.

Language: Английский

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The interactions between host genome and gut microbiome increase the risk of psychiatric disorders: Mendelian randomization and biological annotation

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 389 - 400

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

The correlation between human gut microbiota and psychiatric diseases has long been recognized. Based on the heritability of microbiome, genome-wide association studies genome microbiome (mbGWAS) have revealed important host-microbiome interactions. However, establishing causal relationships specific features psychological conditions remains challenging due to insufficient sample sizes previous mbGWAS.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota contribute to variations in honey bee foraging intensity

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Gut microbiomes are increasingly recognized for mediating diverse biological aspects of their hosts, including complex behavioral phenotypes. Although many studies have reported that experimental disruptions to the gut microbial community result in atypical host behavior, address how microbes contribute adaptive trait variation rare. Eusocial insects represent a powerful model test this, because simple microbiota and division labor characterized by colony-level previous report correlational differences associated with labor, here, we provide evidence play causal role defining foraging behavior between European honey bees (Apis mellifera). We found structure differed hive-based nurse leave hive forage floral resources. These were abundance individual microbes, Bifidobacterium asteroides, Bombilactobacillus mellis, Lactobacillus melliventris. Manipulations colony demography experience suggested composition task experience. Moreover, single-microbe inoculations B. L. melliventris caused effects on intensity. results demonstrate social insect, support modulating variation.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the gut-brain Axis: Potential therapeutic impact of Psychobiotics on mental health

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 111073 - 111073

Published: June 22, 2024

One of the most challenging and controversial issues in microbiome research is related to gut microbial metabolism neuropsychological disorders. Psychobiotics affect human behavior central nervous system processes via gut-brain axis, involving neuronal, immune, metabolic pathways. They have therapeutic potential treatment several neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's schizophrenia, Huntington's anorexia nervosa, multiple sclerosis. However, mechanisms underlying interaction between psychobiotics abovementioned diseases need further exploration. This review focuses on relationship microbiota its impact neurological disorders, examining a preventive approach, summarising recent axis beneficial effects psychobiotics, highlighting for investigation this area.

Language: Английский

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