Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress—A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(24), P. 13384 - 13384

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment defensive antioxidant systems leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. main source free radicals responsible for stress is mitochondrial respiration. deleterious effects ROS on cellular biomolecules, including DNA, well-known phenomenon that can disrupt function contribute damage death, the subsequent development various disease processes. In this review, we summarize most important findings implicated in wide variety pathologies from Alzheimer (AD) autoimmune type 1 diabetes. This review also discusses attempts affect therapeutic avenue.

Language: Английский

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Focus on the Contribution of Oxidative Stress in Skin Aging

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1121 - 1121

Published: June 6, 2022

Skin aging is one of the most evident signs human aging. Modification skin during life span characterized by fine lines and wrinkling, loss elasticity volume, laxity, rough-textured appearance, pallor. In contrast, photoaged associated with uneven pigmentation (age spot) markedly wrinkled. At cellular molecular level, it consists multiple interconnected processes based on biochemical reactions, genetic programs, occurrence external stimulation. The principal perturbation in driving senescence alteration oxidative balance. chronological aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced mainly through metabolism adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation from glucose mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas extrinsic redox equilibrium caused environmental factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, cigarette smoking, inadequate nutrition. During process, stress attributed to both augmented ROS production reduced levels enzymatic non-enzymatic protectors. Apart appearance structural change, throughout gradually loses its natural functional characteristics regenerative potential. With immune system also undergoes manifested a ability counteract infections frequency autoimmune neoplastic diseases. This review proposes an update role clinical manifestation well mechanisms that underline this phenomenon sometimes accelerated factors.

Language: Английский

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Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 17

Published: May 29, 2022

Plants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain a lot of diosgenin, steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential interest in the treatment various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, addition to being an important starting material for preparation several drugs pharmaceutical industry. review aims provide overview vitro, vivo, clinical studies reporting diosgenin’s pharmacological effects discuss safety issues. Preclinical have promising on neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, bone health, other pathologies. Clinical investigations demonstrated nontoxic nature benefits cognitive function menopause. However, further well-designed trials are needed address seen preclinical studies, well better knowledge profile.

Language: Английский

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Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines

Polymers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 687 - 687

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive drug delivery systems (DDS) specifically responding to altered levels of ROS in the pathological microenvironment have emerged as an effective means enhance pharmaceutical efficacy conventional nanomedicines, while simultaneously reducing side effects. In particular, use biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic ROS-responsive thioketal (TK) functional group design smart DDS has grown exponentially recent years. TK-based DDS, different technological uses TK been proposed overcome major limitations counterparts including uncontrolled release off-target This review will focus on biomaterials nanomedicines by using it a linker connect surface nanoparticles, form prodrugs, core component directly control its structure, opening drug-releasing gates or change conformation nano-systems. A comprehensive view various may allow researchers exploit this reactive more consciously designing be with improved disease-targeting ability, providing novel therapeutic opportunities treatment many diseases.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Patterns, Oxidative Stress, and Early Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Mediterranean, Vegan, and Vegetarian Diets

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 548 - 548

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Background: Dietary habits influenced by lifestyle and cultural factors play a critical role in health modulating oxidative stress inflammation. While diets offer significant benefits, they may also pose risks, such as nutrient deficiencies, emphasizing the need for balanced approach. Exploring Mediterranean plant-based diet effects on inflammation biomarkers help improve outcomes disease prevention strategies. Methods: This study analyzed 65 studies following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate of healthy individuals. Results: The was weakly associated with reductions markers, including MDA (ROM: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.57–1.13; p = 0.2092) 8OHdG 0.81; 0.59–1.11; 0.1847), well markers CRP 0.72; 0.42–1.23; 0.1545) IL-6 1.23; 0.97–1.55; 0.08). vegetarian significantly reduced 0.82; 0.69–0.98; 0.0297), while vegan showed borderline reduction 0.56–1.17; 0.2544), suggesting lower systemic compared omnivorous diets. Conclusions: Although all three demonstrate potential reducing inflammation, antioxidant effects—especially diet—are than anticipated, indicating alternative mechanisms. Further research is essential confirm these findings clarify underlying mechanisms enhance preventive

Language: Английский

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Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 3834 - 3834

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Cancer is one of the leading causes death globally, associated with multifactorial pathophysiological components. In particular, genetic mutations, infection or inflammation, unhealthy eating habits, exposition to radiation, work stress, and/or intake toxins have been found contribute development and progression cancer disease states. Early detection proper treatment enhance chances survival healing, but side effects anticancer drugs still produce detrimental responses that counteract benefits in terms hospitalization survival. Recently, several natural bioactive compounds were possess properties, capable killing transformed cancerous cells without being toxic their normal counterparts. This effect occurs when products are conventional treatments, thereby suggesting nutraceutical supplementation may successful therapy. review aims discuss current literature on four extracts mostly characterized by a specific polyphenolic profile. activities reported support treatment: (1) inhibition cell proliferation, (2) antioxidant activity, (3) anti-inflammatory activity. On other hand, owing attenuation therapies, antioxidants improving compliance patients undergoing treatment. Thus, supplementation, along drug treatment, be considered for better cancer. It should noted, however, data from studies plant preparations discussed, it appropriate ensure experiments conducted accordance accepted pharmacological research practices so as not disclose information only partially correct.

Language: Английский

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Baicalin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human osteosarcoma cells by increasing ROS to inhibit PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK1/2 and β-catenin signaling pathways

Journal of bone oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33, P. 100415 - 100415

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant Nanozymes: Mechanisms, Activity Manipulation, and Applications

Micromachines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1017 - 1017

Published: May 9, 2023

Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase play important roles in the inhibition of oxidative-damage-related pathological diseases. However, natural antioxidant face some limitations, including low stability, high cost, less flexibility. Recently, nanozymes have emerged promising materials to replace for their cost savings, flexible design. The present review firstly discusses mechanisms nanozymes, focusing on catalase-, dismutase-, peroxidase-like activities. Then, we summarize main strategies manipulation based size, morphology, composition, surface modification, modification with a metal-organic framework. Furthermore, applications medicine healthcare are also discussed potential biological applications. In brief, this provides useful information further development offering opportunities improve current limitations expand application nanozymes.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Potential Oxidative Biomarkers in the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Exploration of Antioxidants as Possible Preventive and Treatment Options

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 6389 - 6389

Published: March 28, 2023

Ischemic strokes occur when the blood supply to a part of brain is interrupted or reduced due arterial blockage, and it often leads damage cells death. According myriad experimental studies, oxidative stress an important pathophysiological mechanism ischemic stroke. In this narrative review, we aimed identify how alterations biomarkers could suggest severity-reflecting diagnosis stroke these interactions may provide new molecular targets for neuroprotective therapies. We performed eligibility criteria-based search on three main scientific databases. found that patients with acute are characterized by increased markers levels, such as total antioxidant capacity, F2-isoprostanes, hydroxynonenal, perchloric acid oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACTOT ORACPCA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase, urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine. Thus, causing significant associated cellular damage. The assessment be useful in diagnosing stroke, finding its causes, predicting severity outcomes, reducing impact structures brain, guiding preventive treatment towards antioxidant-based therapy novel therapeutic alternatives.

Language: Английский

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Potential use of antioxidants for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 16, 2024

The excessive production of various reactive oxidant species over endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to the development a state oxidative stress, with serious biological consequences. consequences stress depend on balance between generation and include damage biomolecules, disruption signal transduction, mutation, cell apoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that is involved in physiopathology debilitating illnesses associated chronic inflammation, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative processes, need continuous pharmacological treatment. Oxidative inflammation are tightly linked pathophysiological one which can be simply promoted by another. Although, many trials have been unsuccessful (some showed either no effect even harmful effects) human patients as preventive curative measure, targeting remains an interesting therapeutic approach for new agents design novel anti-inflammatory drugs reliable safety profile. In this regard, several natural compounds were explored potential options treatment inflammatory diseases. Several metalloenzymes, such superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, among essential enzymes maintain low nanomolar physiological concentrations (O 2 •−) hydrogen peroxide (H O ), major redox signaling molecules, thus play important roles alteration homeostasis. These become striking source motivation catalytic enhance action these under pathological conditions related inflammation. This review focused representatives synthetic antioxidants drug candidates

Language: Английский

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