Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 75 - 75

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

The role of lipids is essential in any phase the atherosclerotic process, which considered a chronic lipid-related and inflammatory condition. traditional lipid profile (including evaluation total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein) well-established tool to assess risk atherosclerosis as such has been widely used pillar cardiovascular disease prevention target pharmacological treatments clinical practice over last decades. However, other non-traditional have emerged possible alternative predictors cardiometabolic addition single or panel lipids, they better reflect overall interaction between lipid/lipoprotein fractions. Therefore, this review deals with involvement characterizing pathophysiology atherosclerosis, discussing some recently proposed indices and, light available knowledge, their actual potential new additive tools stratify patients hyperlipidemia well therapeutic targets practice.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on Biochemical Markers of the Initiation of Atherosclerotic Process

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1854 - 1854

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

Atherosclerosis stands out as one of the leading causes global mortality. The inflammatory response against vascular wall components plays a pivotal role in atherogenic process. initiation this process is notably driven by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and range pro-inflammatory cytokines, with interleukin-1β (Il-1β) tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) emerging particularly significant early stages atherosclerotic plaque formation. In recent years, researchers worldwide have been diligently exploring innovative therapeutic approaches for metabolic diseases, recognizing their impact on atherogenesis Our study aimed to investigate influence glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) cytokine concentrations associated formation group patients type 2 diabetes dyslipidemia. encompassed 50 subjects aged 41-81 (mean: 60.7), all diagnosed diabetes, dyslipidemia confirmed atherosclerosis based B-mode ultrasound. Following 180-day treatment dulaglutide or semaglutide, we observed statistically reduction biochemical markers (oxLDL, TNFα Il-1β) (p < 0.001) within our group. addition already acknowledged positive effects GLP-1RA parameters treated patients, these drugs demonstrated notable proinflammatory may constitute an important element therapy at reducing cardiovascular risk.

Language: Английский

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PCSK9 as an Atherothrombotic Risk Factor

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 1966 - 1966

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Disturbances in lipid metabolism are among the most important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key protein that also involved production of inflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction and aherosclerotic plaque development. Studies have shown connection between PCSK9 various indicators inflammation. Signalling pathways include play role initiation development lesions by inducing vascular so far suggested associated with procoagulation, enhancing atherosclerosis. Experimentally, it was found an increased concentration significantly accelerated apoptosis cells reduced function, which created conditions inhibitors can therefore improve clinical outcomes not only lipid-dependent manner, but through lipid-independent pathways. The aim our review to shed light on impact these factors, directly related low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Effects of statins beyond lipid-lowering agents in ART-treated HIV infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 9, 2024

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) have reduced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-associated morbidity and mortality improving the life of people with HIV (PWH). However, ART lead to residual production, which in conjunction microbial translocation immune dysfunction contributes chronic inflammation activation. PWH on remain at an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including myocardial infarction stroke; part is explained by Lifestyle factors certain are associated dyslipidemia characterized increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL), further CVDs. Lipid-lowering agents like statins emerging as modulators decreasing a variety conditions HIV. The international randomized clinical trial REPRIEVE has shed light reduction CVDs statin therapy among PWH. Such reports indicate more than expected benefit beyond their lipid-lowering effects. Bempedoic acid, first-in-class non-statin LDL-lowering drug modulatory effects, may aid combination statins. Herein, we critically reviewed studies aimed immune-modulating roles that aging

Language: Английский

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Alteration of Blood Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Thoracic Aortic Dissection: A Pilot Study

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1106 - 1106

Published: May 16, 2023

Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening condition which usually occurs on an aneurysmal wall. Although increasing data have shown that inflammation and oxidative stress play important role in the patho-physiology of dissection, systemic status (OSS) has not been clearly determined patients suffering from TAD.A cohort 115 presenting type A or B TAD were admitted to our center 2013 2017. Out this cohort, 46 included study dissected aorta (LIege DIssected Aorta: LIDIA). In 18 out patients, OSS parameters evaluated after diagnosis by determination eight different antioxidants, four trace elements, two markers lipid damage inflammatory markers.The 10 men 8 women (median age: 62 years; interquartile range: 55-68) diagnosed with (N = 8) 10) TAD. Low plasma levels vitamin C, β-carotene, γ-tocopherol, thiol proteins, paraoxonase selenium observed these patients. By contrast, concentration copper total hydroperoxides, copper/zinc ratio, as well markers, higher than reference intervals. No difference was biomarker concentrations between patients.This pilot study, limited revealed heightened OSS, at 15.5 days (median) initial diagnosis, those without complications (malperfusion syndrome aneurysm formation). Larger studies biological fluids are needed better characterize interpret its consequence disease.

Language: Английский

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What the surgeons need to know about meta-analyses in 2023, beyond the simple Odds ratio

Journal of Visceral Surgery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 159(6), P. 480 - 485

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Limited Association between Antibodies to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Vascular Affection in Patients with Established Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8987 - 8987

Published: May 19, 2023

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate whether antibodies oxidized low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL) were associated subclinical atherosclerosis in patients different SLE phenotypes (lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and skin joint involvement). Anti-oxLDL was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 60 SLE, healthy controls (HCs) 30 subjects anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Intima-media thickness (IMT) assessment vessel walls plaque occurrence recorded using high-frequency ultrasound. In the cohort, anti-oxLDL again assessed 57 individuals approximately 3 years later. The levels group (median 5829 U/mL) not significantly from those HCs 4568 U/mL), while AAV showed higher 7817 U/mL). did differ between subgroups. A significant correlation found IMT common femoral artery but no association observed. inclusion compared later 5707 versus 1503 U/mL, p < 0.0001). Overall, we convincing support for strong associations vascular affection SLE.

Language: Английский

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Retracted: The Effects of Statin Therapy on Oxidized LDL and Its Antibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024, P. 1 - 1

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Role of the NOD1/Rip2 Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Inflammatory Activation Induced by ox‐LDL

Cardiology Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of NOD1/Rip2 signaling pathway on macrophage inflammatory activation and polarity switching in ox-LDL-induced THP-1-derived macrophages. Methods: macrophages were stimulated with various concentrations (10, 25, or 50 mg/L) ox-LDL for different durations (8, 16, 24 h). Quantitative real-time PCR was used measure mRNA expression NOD1, Rip2, IL-10, IL-12, iNOS, Arg-1. Western blotting determine protein levels NOD1 Rip2. The secretion TNF-α MCP-1 cell culture supernatants measured via ELISA. Rip2 siRNA inhibit pathway. Oil Red O staining employed visualize foam formation. CD86, CD80, CD163 membrane molecules analyzed FACS. Results: After exposure ox-LDL, mRNAs proteins increased a dose- time-dependent manner. upregulation accompanied by supernatants. effects mitigated siRNA, as evidenced decreased MCP-1. Furthermore, downregulated M2 markers CD163, Arg-1 upregulated M1 iNOS. inhibition reversed these prevented formation cells. Conclusion: Our data show that NOD1/RIP2 regulates induced controls switch.

Language: Английский

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Atherogenic circulating lipoproteins in ischemic stroke

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

The fundamental role of qualitative alterations lipoproteins in the early development atherosclerosis has been widely demonstrated. Modified low-density (LDL), such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL), small dense (sdLDL), and electronegative [LDL(-)], are capable triggering atherogenic process, favoring subendothelial accumulation cholesterol promoting inflammatory, proliferative, apoptotic processes characteristic atherosclerotic lesions. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) prevents and/or reverses these effects. However, LDL's HDL's anti-atherogenic actions may result altered certain pathological conditions. molecular mechanisms underlying impaired effects have studied numerous vitro vivo studies, extensively analyzed coronary atherosclerosis, especially context pathologies dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome. corresponding studies scarcer field ischemic stroke, despite carotid arteriosclerosis progression underlies at least 20% strokes. present review relates HDL with occurrence stroke.

Language: Английский

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