Valvular Heart Disease Epidemiology

Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 32 - 32

Published: June 15, 2022

Valvular heart disease is a rapidly growing cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with diverse evolving geographic distribution. The prevalence rheumatic disease, the most common valvular (affecting approximately 41 million people), has been rising in developing nations, likely due to expansion young adult population decrease premature that resulted from improved access antibiotics, microbiological testing, echocardiography. Rheumatic also among impoverished and, often, indigenous populations developed spurring public health initiatives are aimed at alleviating healthcare disparities. Aortic valve stenotic commonly occurring pathology nations (afflicting 9 people worldwide) its increasing aging increased atherosclerosis. regurgitation associated diastolic, but not systolic, hypertension it likewise seen rise world. Mitral affects 24 worldwide, great variability between nations. Primary mitral arises as consequence myxomatous degeneration prolapse, which largely genetic predispositions, while secondary accounts for 65% cases dilation failure. Tricuspid become more prevalent usage intracardiac pacemakers. Infective endocarditis grown utilization transcatheter replacement prosthetic valves interventions against previously discussed pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Illuminating the Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(12), P. 1747 - 1762

Published: June 9, 2022

Sex is a key risk factor for many types of cardiovascular disease. It imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying sex differences devise optimal preventive and therapeutic approaches all individuals. Both biological (determined by chromosomes gonadal hormones) gender (social cultural behaviors associated with femininity or masculinity) influence between men women in disease susceptibility pathology. Here, we focus on application experimental mouse models that elucidate 2 components sex-sex chromosome complement (XX XY) gonad type (ovaries testes). These have revealed addition well-known effects hormones, influences factors, such as plasma cholesterol levels adiposity, well development atherosclerosis pulmonary hypertension. One mechanism which dosage cardiometabolic traits through sex-biased expression X genes escape inactivation. include chromatin-modifying enzymes regulate gene throughout genome. The identification factors determine will expand our mechanistic understanding processes provide insight into remain lifespan hormone alter age.

Language: Английский

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Advancing the access to cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment among women with cardiovascular disease: a joint British Cardiovascular Societies’ consensus document

Heart, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 110(22), P. e4 - e4

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Despite significant progress in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and interventional strategies, disease (CVD), particular ischaemic heart disease, remains the leading cause of morbidity mortality among women UK worldwide. Women are underdiagnosed, undertreated under-represented clinical trials directed at management strategies for CVD, making their results less applicable to this subset. have additional sex-specific risk factors that put them higher future events. Psychosocial factors, socioeconomic deprivation environmental an augmented impact on women’s health, highlighting need a holistic approach care considers specifically related female biology alongside traditional factors. Importantly, UK, even context National Health Service, there exist regional variations age-standardised rates patients with CVD. Given most CVDs preventable, concerted efforts necessary address unmet needs ensure parity The present consensus document, together by British Cardiovascular Society (BCS)’s affiliated societies, portrays current status sex-related differences diagnosis treatment each major CVD areas proposes overcome barriers accessing diagnoses treatments women. This document aims raising awareness scale problem hopes stimulate multifaceted sex disparities enable comprehensive sex- gender-based research through collaboration across different societies within BCS.

Language: Английский

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Degenerative mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet: sex-related differences in presentation, management, and outcomes

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(26), P. 2306 - 2316

Published: April 23, 2024

Presentation, outcome, and management of females with degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) are undefined. We analysed sex-specific baseline clinical echocardiographic characteristics at referral for DMR due to flail leaflets subsequent outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Sex-related characteristics and short-term outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention for tricuspid regurgitation

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(10), P. 822 - 832

Published: Nov. 26, 2022

Abstract Aims The impact of sexuality in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) undergoing transcatheter valve intervention (TTVI) is unknown. aim this study was to investigate sex-specific outcomes TR treated TTVI vs. medical therapy alone. Methods and results Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Therapies (TriValve) registry collected data on from 24 centres who underwent 2016 2021. A control cohort formed by medically managed ≥severe isolated diagnosed 2015–18. primary endpoint freedom all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were heart failure (HF) hospitalization, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional status, severity. One-year assessed for the TriValve compared inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW). total 556 2072 included groups, respectively. After TTVI, there no difference between women men 1-year mortality 80.9% 77.9%, P = 0.56, nor HF hospitalization (P 0.36), NYHA Functional Classes III IV 0.17), severity >2+ at last follow-up 0.42). Multivariable Cox-regression weighted IPTW showed improved survival after alone both (adjusted hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.83, 0.01) 0.42, 0.18–0.89, 0.03). Conclusion high-risk patients, sex-related differences terms survival, reduction up 1 year. analysis shows a benefit over men.

Language: Английский

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Sex-Related Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Prediction Among Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Intervention

КАРДИОЛОГИЯ УЗБЕКИСТАНА, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 909 - 923

Published: April 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Enrollment of Older Patients, Women, and Racial and Ethnic Minority Individuals in Valvular Heart Disease Clinical Trials

JAMA Cardiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 871 - 871

Published: July 26, 2023

Inadequate representation of older patients, women, and racial minority individuals in cardiovascular clinical trials limits both the generalizability trial findings inclusivity access to novel therapies therapeutic strategies.To report on temporal trends ethnic studying treatments for valvular heart disease.All published enrolling more than 100 adults with any disease between 2005 2020 were included after searches PubMed ClinicalTrials.gov. Data age, sex, race, ethnicity reported studies collected. Trials assigned 4 time periods based publication date, analyzed individuals.A total 139 51 527 participants identified. Of these trials, 103 (74%) investigated aortic valve remainder mitral disease. Overall, 63 (45.3%) enrolled patients only Europe, 24 (17.3%) North America, 19 (13.7%) multiple geographical regions. The weighted mean (SD) age was 68.4 (11.4) years, increasing nonsignificantly from 61.9 (5.9) years 2005-2008 72.8 (9.6) 2017-2020 (P = .09 trend). overall proportion women 41.1%, no significant changes over time. race 13 (9.4%), which trial-level American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black/African American, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander ranged 0.27% 43.9%. There noted enrollment populations. positively associated rates underrepresented groups.This review found that past 2 decades, have remained trials. Further work is needed improve reporting data address barriers individuals.

Language: Английский

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Sex Differences in Epidemiology, Morphology, Mechanisms, and Treatment of Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(6), P. 1017 - 1017

Published: May 24, 2023

Sex-related disparities have been recognized in incidence, pathological findings, pathophysiological mechanisms, and diagnostic pathways of non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation. Furthermore, access to treatments outcomes for surgical interventional therapies among women men appears be different. Despite this, current European US guidelines identified common therapeutic that do not consider patient sex decision-making. The aim this review is summarize the evidence on sex-related differences regurgitation, particularly regarding imaging modalities, surgical-derived evidence, transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, with goal informing clinicians about sex-specific challenges when making treatment decisions patients

Language: Английский

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Prosthetic heart valves for transcatheter aortic valve replacement

BMEMat, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(2)

Published: May 26, 2023

Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has the advantages of less trauma and faster postoperative recovery, which brought possibility to elderly patient with valvular heart disease is gradually replacing surgical (SAVR). The interventional used in TAVR needs be compressed transported through catheter lesion site, can still recover its original shape, structure performance. This process requires that material should flexible, rigid mechanical valves SAVR are not suitable. Recently, decellularized biological have been widely clinical practice, but their poor durability causes a limitation for long‐term implantation. Therefore, anti‐calcification modification design new polymeric good biostability gained considerable attention. review summarizes calcification mechanism research progress strategies. Besides, development included, special attention representative cases, such as polysiloxane, polytetrafluorethylene, poly(styrene‐block‐isobutylene‐block‐styrene), polyurethane‐based materials. Finally, challenges future perspectives artificial materials discussed.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and implications of sex differences in cardiac aging

The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Aging promotes structural and functional remodeling of the heart, even in absence external factors. There is growing clinical experimental evidence supporting existence sex-specific patterns cardiac aging, some cases, these sex differences emerge early life. Despite efforts to identify understanding how are established regulated remains limited. In addition contributing age-related heart disease, also appear underlie differential responses stress such as adrenergic activation. Identifying underlying mechanisms may facilitate characterization disease phenotypes, with ultimate goal utilizing therapeutic approaches for disease. The purpose this review discuss implications changes render more susceptible we can target age- advance therapies both male female patients.

Language: Английский

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