Gut microbiota and aging

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 62(13), P. 3509 - 3534

Published: Dec. 30, 2020

Aging is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs increased risk aging-associated disorders, which pose major societal challenges are a public health priority. Despite extensive human genetics studies, limited progress has been made linking with aging. There growing realization that altered assembly, structure dynamics gut microbiota actively participate in aging process. Age-related microbial dysbiosis involved reshaping immune responses during aging, manifest as immunosenescence (insufficiency) inflammaging (over-reaction) accompany many age-associated enteric extraenteric diseases. The can be regulated, suggesting potential target for interventions. This review summarizes recent findings on physiological succession across life-cycle, roles mechanisms healthy alterations diseases, microbiota-targeted anti-aging strategies.

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis of human gut microbiome in young-onset colorectal cancer

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

Abstract The incidence of sporadic young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC) is increasing. A significant knowledge gap exists in the gut microbiota and its diagnostic value for yCRC patients. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 728 samples are collected to identify microbial markers, an independent cohort 310 used validate results. Furthermore, species-level functional analysis performed by metagenome sequencing using 200 samples. Gut diversity increased yCRC. Flavonifractor plautii important bacterial species yCRC, while genus Streptococcus contains key phylotype old-onset cancer. Functional reveals that has unique characteristics metabolism characterized dominance DNA binding RNA-dependent biosynthetic process. random forest classifier model achieves a powerful classification potential. This study highlights potential biomarkers as promising non-invasive tool accurate detection distinction individuals with

Language: Английский

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Bile Acid Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 66(3), P. 674 - 693

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

Bile acids are a group of chemically different steroids generated at the host/microbial interface. Indeed, while primary bile end-product cholesterol breakdown in host liver, secondary products microbial metabolism. Primary and along with their oxo derivatives have been identified as signaling molecules acting on family cell membrane nuclear receptors collectively known "bile acid-activated receptors." Members this highly expressed throughout gastrointestinal tract mediate bilateral communications intestinal microbiota immune system. The expression function FXR, GPBAR1, PXR, VDR, RORγt dependent structure negatively regulated by inflammation. Studies from gene ablated mice demonstrated that FXR GPBAR1 essential to maintain tolerogenic phenotype intestine, ablation promotes polarization T cells macrophages toward pro-inflammatory phenotype. inhibition oxo-bile is constrain Th17 lymphocytes. Gene-wide association studies functional characterizations suggest potential role for impaired acid development inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In review, we will focus how system, describing dynamic changes metabolism IBD therapeutic application targeting these disorders.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in infection and vaccination

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 2307 - 2312

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

During viral infections, antibodies and T cells act together to prevent pathogen spread remove virus-infected cells. Virus-specific adaptive immunity can, however, also trigger pathological processes characterized by localized or systemic inflammatory events. The protective and/or role of virus-specific in SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus many studies COVID-19 patients vaccinated individuals. Here, we review works that have elucidated function SARS-CoV-2-specific Understanding whether are more linked protection pathogenesis is pivotal define future therapeutic prophylactic strategies manage current pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Targeting gut microbiota and metabolism as the major probiotic mechanism - An evidence-based review

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 178 - 198

Published: June 11, 2023

The human gut hosts complex microbial communities, which are linked to health and disease. microbiota is continuously reshaped by multiple environmental factors, especially diet. Gut dysbiosis may promote various metabolic, neurological, intestinal, cardiovascular diseases, even tumor development. Probiotics have shown promising prophylactic, mitigating, or curative effects when use as nutrient supplements adjunctive therapy. These beneficial and/or symptom alleviation often accompanied microbiome metabolome changes. Differing from other published review articles, here we summarized the latest knowledge of evidence-based health-promoting probiotics scouring literature recent animal probiotic intervention studies. To elucidate mechanisms in enhancing intestinal homeostasis, barrier function, host immunity, through modulating its metabolites. Meanwhile, also discussed challenges data analysis clinical research comparison between laboratories, provides an outlook for future perspectives applications probiotics. achieved modulation. Current discussed. Finally, provided.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 690 - 690

Published: Feb. 21, 2021

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest GM can influence health host, several factors modify composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis affect brain immune homeostasis through microbiota-gut-brain axis play key role pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia Alzheimer's disease (AD). relationship between AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests it enhance secretion lipopolysaccharides amyloids may disturb intestinal permeability blood-brain barrier. In addition, promote hallmarks AD, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, ultimately causation neural death. Poor dietary habits aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, contribute AD. Thus, modulation probiotics, or fecal transplantation could represent potential therapeutics this review, we discuss therapeutic strategies modulate

Language: Английский

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The role of T cells in age-related diseases

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 97 - 111

Published: June 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analysis reveals distinct gut-microbiome-derived phenotypes in early-onset colorectal cancer

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(6), P. 1129 - 1142

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Objective The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) is steadily increasing. Here, we aimed to characterise the interactions between gut microbiome, metabolites and microbial enzymes in EO-CRC patients evaluate their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for EO-CRC. Design We performed metagenomic metabolomic analyses, identified multiomics markers constructed CRC classifiers discovery cohort with 130 late-onset (LO-CRC), 114 subjects age-matched healthy controls (97 LO-Control 100 EO-Control). An independent 38 LO-CRC, 24 EO-CRC, 22 LO-Controls EO-Controls was analysed validate results. Results Compared controls, reduced alpha-diversity apparent both, LO-CRC subjects. Although common variations existed, integrative analyses distinct microbiome–metabolome associations Fusobacterium nucleatum enrichment short-chain fatty acid depletion, including GABA biosynthesis a shift acetate/acetaldehyde metabolism towards acetyl-CoA production characterises LO-CRC. In comparison, signatures tended be associated enriched Flavonifractor plauti increased tryptophan, bile choline metabolism. Notably, elevated red meat intake-related species, KEGG orthology (KO) pldB cbh gene axis may tumour stimulators predictive model based on metagenomic, KO achieved powerful classification performance distinguishing from controls. Conclusion Our large-sample data suggest that altered interplay helps explain pathogenesis microbiome-derived promising tools could used accurate detection distinction individuals

Language: Английский

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A mechanism by which gut microbiota elevates permeability and inflammation in obese/diabetic mice and human gut

Gut, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(10), P. 1848 - 1865

Published: March 22, 2023

Objective Ample evidence exists for the role of abnormal gut microbiota composition and increased permeability (‘leaky gut’) in chronic inflammation that commonly co-occurs both obesity diabetes, yet detailed mechanisms involved this process have remained elusive. Design In study, we substantiate causal by use faecal conditioned media along with transplantation. Using untargeted comprehensive approaches, discovered mechanism which obese instigates permeability, abnormalities glucose metabolism. Results We demonstrated reduced capacity from mice humans to metabolise ethanolamine results accumulation gut, accounting induction intestinal permeability. Elevated expression microRNA- miR-101a-3p enhancing ARID3a binding on miR promoter. Increased decreased stability zona occludens-1 ( Zo1 ) mRNA, turn, weakened barriers induced Importantly, restoring ethanolamine-metabolising activity using a novel probiotic therapy elevated metabolism correcting ARID3a/ miR-101a / axis. Conclusion Overall, metabolic dysfunctions, reverses these abnormalities. Trial registration number NCT02869659 NCT03269032 .

Language: Английский

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ELAVL4, splicing, and glutamatergic dysfunction precede neuron loss in MAPT mutation cerebral organoids

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(17), P. 4547 - 4563.e17

Published: July 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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