Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity

Circulation, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 133(2), P. 187 - 225

Published: Jan. 9, 2016

Suboptimal nutrition is a leading cause of poor health. Nutrition and policy science have advanced rapidly, creating confusion yet also providing powerful opportunities to reduce the adverse health economic impacts diets. This review considers history, new evidence, controversies, corresponding lessons for modern dietary priorities cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus. Major identified themes include importance evaluating full diversity diet-related risk pathways, not only blood lipids or obesity; focusing on foods overall diet patterns, rather than single isolated nutrients; recognizing complex influences different long-term weight regulation, simply counting calories; characterizing implementing evidence-based strategies, including approaches, lifestyle change. Evidence-informed increased fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, vegetable oils, yogurt, minimally processed whole grains; fewer red meats, (eg, sodium-preserved) rich in refined grains, starch, added sugars, salt, trans fat. More investigation needed cardiometabolic effects phenolics, dairy fat, probiotics, fermentation, coffee, tea, cocoa, eggs, specific tropical vitamin D, individual fatty acids, diet-microbiome interactions. Little evidence date supports relevance other popular priorities: eg, local, organic, grass-fed, farmed/wild, non-genetically modified. Evidence-based personalized appears depend more nongenetic characteristics physical activity, abdominal adiposity, gender, socioeconomic status, culture) genetic factors. Food choices must be strongly supported by clinical behavior change efforts, systems reforms, novel technologies, robust strategies targeting incentives, schools workplaces, neighborhood environments, food system. Scientific advances provide crucial insights optimal targets best practices burdens diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 120(7), P. 1183 - 1196

Published: March 30, 2017

Significant interest in recent years has focused on gut microbiota-host interaction because accumulating evidence revealed that intestinal microbiota play an important role human health and disease, including cardiovascular diseases. Changes the composition of associated with referred to as dysbiosis, have been linked pathologies such atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition alterations composition, metabolic potential identified a contributing factor development Recent studies can elicit variety effects host. Indeed, microbiome functions like endocrine organ, generating bioactive metabolites, impact host physiology. Microbiota interact through many pathways, trimethylamine/trimethylamine

Language: Английский

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Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease

Movement Disorders, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 30(10), P. 1351 - 1360

Published: July 16, 2015

Abstract Introduction We showed that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) aggregation in their colon with evidence of colonic inflammation. If PD altered microbiota, dysbiosis might be the mechanism neuroinflammation leads to α‐Syn misfolding and pathology. Methods Sixty‐six sigmoid mucosal biopsies 65 fecal samples were collected from 38 34 healthy controls. Mucosal‐associated feces microbiota compositions characterized using high‐throughput ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Data correlated clinical measures PD, a predictive assessment microbial community functional potential was used identify functions. Results The significantly different than control subjects, showing more marked differences mucosa. At taxonomic level genus, putative, “anti‐inflammatory” butyrate‐producing bacteria genera Blautia , Coprococcus Roseburia abundant controls patients. Bacteria genus Faecalibacterium mucosa PD. Putative, “proinflammatory” Proteobacteria Ralstonia Predictive metagenomics indicated large number genes involved metabolism lower microbiome, whereas lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis type III bacterial secretion systems higher Conclusion This report provides proinflammatory is present could trigger inflammation‐induced development © 2015 International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society

Language: Английский

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Age and Age-Related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: April 9, 2018

Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of immune system at older age, with evidence pointing an inability fine-control systemic inflammation, which seems be marker unsuccessful aging. This reshaping cytokine expression pattern, progressive tendency toward pro-inflammatory phenotype has been called 'inflamm-aging'. Despite research there no clear understanding about causes 'inflamm-aging' that underpin most major age-related diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and aging itself. While inflammation part normal repair response for healing, essential keeping us safe from bacterial viral infections noxious environmental agents, not all good. When becomes prolonged persists, it can become damaging destructive. Several common molecular pathways have identified are associated both low-grade inflammation. The change redox balance, increase senescent cells SASP decline effective autophagy trigger inflammasome, suggest may possible delay itself by suppressing mechanisms or improving timely resolution Conversely learning genetic long-lived cohorts who exemplify good quality Here we will discuss some current ideas highlight appear contribute imbalance dysregulation, 'inflammageing' parainflammation. Evidence these findings drawn cardiovascular disease two

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota-Dependent Trimethylamine N -Oxide (TMAO) Pathway Contributes to Both Development of Renal Insufficiency and Mortality Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 116(3), P. 448 - 455

Published: Nov. 7, 2014

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial-dependent metabolite of dietary choline, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), and l-carnitine, is elevated in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) associated with coronary artery disease pathogenesis.To both investigate the clinical prognostic value TMAO subjects versus without CKD, test hypothesis that plays direct contributory role development progression renal dysfunction.We first examined relationship between fasting plasma all-cause mortality over 5-year follow-up 521 stable CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate, <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)). Median level among was 7.9 μmol/L (interquartile range, 5.2-12.4 μmol/L), which markedly higher (P<0.001) than non-CKD (n=3166). Within subjects, (fourth quartile) 2.8-fold increased risk. After adjustments for traditional risk factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, estimated levels remained predictive (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-3.29; P<0.05). provided significant incremental (net reclassification index, 17.26%; P<0.001 differences area under receiver operator characteristic curve, 63.26% 65.95%; P=0.036). Among portend poorer prognosis within cohorts high low cystatin C. In animal models, choline or directly led to progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis dysfunction.Plasma are patients long-term survival. Chronic exposures increase contributes dysfunction models.

Language: Английский

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Probiotic Species in the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: An Overview

BioMed Research International, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2018, P. 1 - 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Probiotics are microbial strains that beneficial to health, and their potential has recently led a significant increase in research interest use modulate the gut microbiota. The animal is complex ecosystem of host cells, microbiota, available nutrients, microbiota prevents several degenerative diseases humans animals via immunomodulation. its influence on human nutrition, metabolism, physiology, immunity addressed, probiotic species discussed improve understanding modulation This paper provides broad review Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium other coliform bacteria as most promising role prevention diseases, such obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular malignancy, liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease. also discusses recent study Saccharomyces spp. which inflammation was prevented by promotion proinflammatory immune function production short-chain fatty acids. A summary alteration with future perspectives provided.

Language: Английский

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Short-Chain Fatty Acid Propionate Protects From Hypertensive Cardiovascular Damage

Circulation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 139(11), P. 1407 - 1421

Published: Jan. 17, 2019

Arterial hypertension and its organ sequelae show characteristics of T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. Experimental anti-inflammatory therapies have been shown to ameliorate hypertensive end-organ damage. Recently, the CANTOS study (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) targeting interleukin-1β demonstrated that therapy reduces cardiovascular risk. The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis health. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced from dietary fiber by bacteria affect host homeostasis. Here, we investigated effects SCFA propionate 2 different mouse models damage.To investigate effect SCFAs on cardiac damage atherosclerosis, wild-type NMRI or apolipoprotein E knockout-deficient mice received (200 mmol/L) control drinking water. To induce hypertension, were infused with angiotensin II (1.44 mg·kg-1·d-1 subcutaneous) for 14 days. accelerate development knockout (0.72 28 Cardiac atherosclerosis assessed using histology, echocardiography, vivo electrophysiology, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry. Blood pressure was measured radiotelemetry. Regulatory cell depletion PC61 antibody used examine mode action propionate.Propionate significantly attenuated hypertrophy, fibrosis, vascular dysfunction, both models. Susceptibility ventricular arrhythmias reduced propionate-treated II-infused mice. Aortic atherosclerotic lesion area decreased Systemic inflammation mitigated treatment, quantified as reduction splenic effector memory frequencies helper 17 cells models, decrease local infiltration Cardioprotective abrogated regulatory cell-depleted mice, suggesting is cell-dependent.Our data emphasize an immune-modulatory their importance suggest lifestyle modifications leading augmented production could be beneficial nonpharmacological preventive strategy patients disease.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 74(16), P. 2959 - 2977

Published: March 28, 2017

Language: Английский

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Modulation of gut microbiota by berberine and metformin during the treatment of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Sept. 23, 2015

Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is an important factor in mediating development of obesity-related metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. Metformin and berberine, two clinically effective drugs for treating diabetes, have recently been shown to exert their actions through modulating microbiota. In this study, we demonstrated metformin berberine similarly shifted overall structure rats. Both showed reverting effects on high-fat diet-induced structural changes The diversity was significantly reduced by both berberine- metformin-treatments. Nearest shrunken centroids analysis identified 134 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) responding treatments, which close associations with obese phenotypes. Sixty out OTUs were decreased drugs, while those belonging putative short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing bacteria, Allobaculum, Bacteriodes, Blautia, Butyricoccus, Phascolarctobacterium, markedly increased and, a lesser extent, metformin. Taken together, our findings suggest similarity microbiota, enrichment SCFA-producing bacteria reduction microbial diversity, may contribute beneficial host.

Language: Английский

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γ-Butyrobetaine Is a Proatherogenic Intermediate in Gut Microbial Metabolism of L-Carnitine to TMAO

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 799 - 812

Published: Nov. 1, 2014

Language: Английский

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