Frontiers in Genetics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Sept. 27, 2021
Male
fertility
has
been
deteriorating
worldwide
for
considerable
time,
with
the
greatest
deterioration
recorded
mainly
in
United
States,
Europe
countries,
and
Australia.
That
is,
especially
countries
where
an
abundance
of
chemicals
called
endocrine
disruptors
repeatedly
reported,
both
environment
human
matrices.
Human
exposure
to
persistent
non-persistent
is
ubiquitous
associated
endocrine-disrupting
effects.
This
group
disrupting
(EDC)
can
act
as
agonists
or
antagonists
hormone
receptors
thus
significantly
affect
a
number
physiological
processes.
It
even
negatively
reproduction
impact
on
development
gonads
gametogenesis,
fertilization,
subsequent
embryos.
The
negative
effects
sperm
gametogenesis
male
general
have
investigated
demonstrated
experimental
epidemiological
studies.
affected
by
via
their
effect
testicular
development,
estrogen
androgen
receptors,
potential
epigenetic
effect,
production
reactive
oxygen
species
direct
spermatozoa
other
cells
tissue.
Emerging
scientific
evidence
suggests
that
increasing
incidence
infertility
such
bisphenols
perfluoroalkyl
(PFAS).
These
may
men’s
through
various
mechanisms.
study
provides
overview
mechanisms
action
common
(PFAS)
nonpersistent
(bisphenols)
EDC
fertility.
EFSA Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(4)
Published: April 1, 2023
In
2015,
EFSA
established
a
temporary
tolerable
daily
intake
(t-TDI)
for
BPA
of
4
μg/kg
body
weight
(bw)
per
day.
2016,
the
European
Commission
mandated
to
re-evaluate
risks
public
health
from
presence
in
foodstuffs
and
establish
(TDI).
For
this
re-evaluation,
pre-established
protocol
was
used
that
had
undergone
consultation.
The
CEP
Panel
concluded
it
is
Unlikely
Very
presents
genotoxic
hazard
through
direct
mechanism.
Taking
into
consideration
evidence
animal
data
support
human
observational
studies,
immune
system
identified
as
most
sensitive
exposure.
An
effect
on
Th17
cells
mice
critical
effect;
these
are
pivotal
cellular
mechanisms
involved
development
inflammatory
conditions,
including
autoimmunity
lung
inflammation.
A
reference
point
(RP)
8.2
ng/kg
bw
day,
expressed
equivalent
dose,
effect.
Uncertainty
analysis
assessed
probability
57-73%
lowest
estimated
Benchmark
Dose
(BMD)
other
effects
below
RP
based
cells.
view
this,
judged
an
additional
uncertainty
factor
(UF)
2
needed
establishing
TDI.
Applying
overall
UF
50
RP,
TDI
0.2
ng
BPA/kg
day
established.
Comparison
with
dietary
exposure
estimates
2015
opinion
showed
both
mean
95th
percentile
exposures
all
age
groups
exceeded
by
two
three
orders
magnitude.
Even
considering
assessment,
exceedance
being
so
large,
there
concern
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 405 - 405
Published: May 10, 2020
Bisphenol
A
(BPA)
is
a
non-persistent
anthropic
and
environmentally
ubiquitous
compound
widely
employed
detected
in
many
consumer
products
food
items;
thus,
human
exposure
prolonged.
Over
the
last
ten
years,
studies
have
examined
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
of
BPA
toxicity
revealed
links
among
BPA-induced
oxidative
stress,
male
female
reproductive
defects,
disease.
Because
its
hormone-like
feature,
shows
tissue
effects
on
specific
hormone
receptors
target
cells,
triggering
noxious
cellular
responses
associated
with
stress
inflammation.
As
metabolic
endocrine
disruptor,
impairs
redox
homeostasis
via
increase
mediators
reduction
antioxidant
enzymes,
causing
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
alteration
cell
signaling
pathways,
induction
apoptosis.
This
review
aims
to
examine
scenery
current
literature
understanding
how
can
be
considered
“fil
rouge”
BPA’s
toxic
action
pleiotropic
outcomes
reproduction.
Here,
we
focus
protective
five
classes
antioxidants—vitamins
co-factors,
natural
(herbals
phytochemicals),
melatonin,
selenium,
methyl
donors
(used
alone
or
combination)—that
been
found
useful
counteract
functions.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(2), P. 111 - 111
Published: Jan. 27, 2020
This
article
addresses
the
importance
of
oxidative
processes
in
both
generation
functional
gametes
and
aetiology
defective
sperm
function.
Functionally,
capacitation
is
recognized
as
a
redox-regulated
process,
wherein
low
level
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
intimately
involved
driving
such
events
stimulation
tyrosine
phosphorylation,
facilitation
cholesterol
efflux
promotion
cAMP
generation.
However,
continuous
ROS
ultimately
creates
problems
for
spermatozoa
because
their
unique
physical
architecture
unusual
biochemical
composition
means
that
they
are
vulnerable
to
stress.
As
consequence,
heavily
dependent
on
antioxidant
protection
afforded
by
fluids
male
female
reproductive
tracts
and,
during
precarious
process
insemination,
seminal
plasma.
If
this
should
be
compromised
any
reason,
then
experience
pathological
damage.
In
addition,
situations
may
prevail
cause
become
exposed
high
levels
emanating
either
from
other
cells
immediate
vicinity
(particularly
neutrophils)
or
themselves.
The
environmental
lifestyle
factors
promote
reviewed
article,
techniques
might
used
diagnostic
context
identify
patients
whose
capacity
under
threat.
Understanding
strengths
weaknesses
ROS-monitoring
methodologies
critical
if
we
effectively
those
whom
treatment
with
antioxidants
considered
rational
management
strategy.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(1), P. 92 - 92
Published: Jan. 11, 2021
Besides
ATP
production,
mitochondria
are
key
organelles
in
several
cellular
functions,
such
as
steroid
hormone
biosynthesis,
calcium
homoeostasis,
intrinsic
apoptotic
pathway,
and
the
generation
of
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
Despite
loss
majority
cytoplasm
occurring
during
spermiogenesis,
mammalian
sperm
preserves
a
number
that
rearrange
tubular
structure
at
level
flagellum
midpiece.
Although
destroyed
inside
zygote,
integrity
functionality
these
seem
to
be
critical
for
fertilization
embryo
development.
The
aim
this
review
was
discuss
impact
mitochondria-produced
ROS
multiple
levels
sperm:
genome,
proteome,
lipidome,
epigenome.
How
diet,
aging
environmental
pollution
may
affect
quality
offspring
health—by
exacerbating
oxidative
stress—will
also
described.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10(8), P. 1105 - 1105
Published: July 25, 2020
Bisphenol
A
(BPA)
is
an
oestrogenic
endocrine
disruptor
widely
used
in
the
production
of
certain
plastics,
e.g.,
polycarbonate,
hard
and
clear
epoxy
resins
that
act
as
protective
coating
for
food
beverage
cans.
Human
exposure
to
this
chemical
thought
be
ubiquitous.
BPA
alters
function,
thereby
causing
many
diseases
human
animals.
In
last
few
decades,
studies
exploring
mechanism
activity
revealed
a
direct
link
between
BPA-induced
oxidative
stress
disease
pathogenesis.
Antioxidants,
reducing
agents
prevent
cellular
oxidation
reactions,
can
protect
toxicity.
Although
important
role
antioxidants
minimizing
has
been
demonstrated
studies,
consensus
on
associated
mechanisms
needed,
well
directives
their
efficacy
safety.
Herein,
considering
distinct
biochemical
properties
antioxidants,
we
provide
framework
understanding
how
alleviate
BPA-associated
stress.
We
summarize
current
knowledge
biological
function
enzymatic
non-enzymatic
discuss
practical
potential
BPA-detoxifying
agents.
