Pathological and therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 55 - 61

Published: May 25, 2023

Extracellular vesicles are released by all cell types and contain proteins, microRNAs, mRNAs, other bioactive molecules. play an important role in intercellular communication the modulation of immune system neuroinflammation. The cargo extracellular (e.g., proteins microRNAs) is altered pathological situations. contribute to pathogenesis many pathologies associated with sustained inflammation neuroinflammation, including cancer, diabetes, hyperammonemia hepatic encephalopathy, neurological neurodegenerative diseases. may cross blood-brain barrier transfer signals from periphery brain. This contributes inducing neuroinflammation cognitive motor impairment encephalopathy mechanisms involved beginning be understood. For example, increased tumor necrosis factor α plasma hyperammonemic rats induces when injected into normal rats. Identifying which these diseases will help develop new treatments diagnostic tools for their easy early detection. In contrast, mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic utility above pathologies, reducing improving function. These recapitulate beneficial effects advantages as tools: they less immunogenic, not differentiate malignant cells, barrier, reach more easily target organs. models ischemic brain injury, Alzheimer's Parkinson's diseases, hyperammonemia, encephalopathy. modulate system, promoting shift a pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory state. Th17/Treg balance, Treg. also act directly microglia activation, reduces improves Two main components transforming growth factor-β miR-124. induce molecules mRNAs) improve utility. aims this review summarize knowledge different potential recover function molecular on

Language: Английский

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Navigating the brain: the role of exosomal shuttles in precision therapeutics

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Brain diseases have become one of the leading roots mortality and disability worldwide, contributing a significant part disease burden on healthcare systems. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is primary physical biological obstacle that allows only small molecules to pass through it. Its selective permeability challenge in delivering therapeutics into brain for treating dysfunction. It estimated 2% new central nervous system (CNS) therapeutic compounds can cross BBB achieve their targets. Scientists are exploring various approaches develop effective cargo delivery vehicles promote better targeting with minimal off-target side effects. Despite different synthetic carriers, natural systems, “exosomes,” now employed transport drugs BBB. Exosomes naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) unique advantages as disorders. They beneficial innate aspects biocompatibility, higher stability, ability BBB, low cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, homing potential, targeted delivery, reducing off-site target In this review, we will discuss limitations carriers utilization exosomes brain-targeted highlight methods modifying exosome surfaces drug loading exosomes. We also enlist neurodegenerative disorders genetically modified treatment.

Language: Английский

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Donor Muse Cell Treatment Without HLA-Matching Tests and Immunosuppressant Treatment

Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 532 - 545

Published: April 1, 2024

The strength of stem cell therapy is the regeneration tissues by synergistic pleiotropic effects. Among many types, mesenchymal cells (MSCs) that are comprised heterogenous population widely used for clinical applications with expectation bystander Muse pluripotent-like/macrophage-like distributed in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and organ connective as positive pluripotent surface marker stage-specific-embryonic antigen -3. comprise ~1% to several percent MSCs. While MSCs share characteristics, such expression their effects, exhibit unique characteristics not observed These include selective homing damaged tissue after intravenous injection rather than being trapped lung like MSCs, replacement a wide range damaged/apoptotic differentiation through phagocytosis, long-lasting immunotolerance donor use. In this review, we focus on basic properties clarified preclinical studies trials conducted donor-Muse without HLA-matching tests or immunosuppressant treatment. considered differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic cells, whereas has long been debated. may provide clues wide-ranging potential low frequency. Furthermore, utilization novel strategy

Language: Английский

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Stem cell therapies in stroke rehabilitation: a narrative review of current strategies and future prospects

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(1)

Published: June 28, 2024

Abstract This paper explores the potential of stem cell therapies in revolutionising stroke recovery, addressing limitations current treatments and emphasising regenerative medicine as a promising alternative. Stroke, leading cause disability death worldwide, necessitates innovative approaches due to temporal constraints deficiencies existing therapeutic modalities. The review diverse mechanisms underlying cell-mediated encompassing neuroprotection, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, modulation inflammatory responses, induction host brain plasticity. We searched prominent databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web Science) from inception January 2024 for studies on “stem therapy” or “regenerative medicine” combined with “stroke recovery” “cerebrovascular accident”. Studies humans animals, published peer-reviewed journals, investigating impact therapy recovery were included. excluded non-English publications those lacking sufficient outcome data. Evidence animal demonstrates efficacy various types, while human studies, though limited, contribute valuable insights into safety efficacy. Safety considerations, crucial successful clinical application, emphasise need rigorous preclinical long-term follow-up data, ethical standards. Challenges field, such study design heterogeneity, optimising delivery methods, identifying subpopulations likely benefit, require concerted efforts overcome. Standardising methodologies, refining routes, personalising interventions based biomarkers are essential. positions comprehensive neural tissue following stroke.

Language: Английский

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Editing a gateway for cell therapy across the blood–brain barrier

Brain, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 146(3), P. 823 - 841

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Abstract Stem cell therapy has been shown to improve stroke outcomes in animal models and is currently advancing towards clinical practice. However, uncertainty remains regarding the optimal route for delivery injured brain. Local intracerebral injections are effective precisely delivering cells into cavity but carry risk of damaging adjacent healthy tissue. Systemic endovascular injections, meanwhile, minimally invasive, most injected do not cross CNS barriers become mechanically trapped peripheral organs. Although blood–brain barrier blood–CSF tightly limit entrance molecules brain parenchyma, immune can these especially under pathological conditions, such as stroke. Deciphering surface signature molecular mechanisms underlying this pathophysiological process holds promise improving targeted systemic In review, we describe experimental approaches that have already developed which (i) either engineered express proteins mimicking infiltrating cells; or (ii) grafts preconditioned with hypoxia incubated pharmacological agents cytokines. Modified be complemented strategies temporarily increase permeability barrier. could significantly enhance homing stem brain, entrapment off-target organs a non-negligible risk. Recent developments safety-switch systems, enable precise elimination transplanted on administration drug, represent promising strategy selectively removing stuck untargeted sum, techniques described review hold great potential substantially efficacy safety future therapies may relevant other diseases.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis

BMC Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract Objective This meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy safety of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Method We a manual search electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web Science, deadline set for February 1, 2023. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 15.0. Result A total 9 randomized controlled studies included, involving 316 people, 159 147 control groups. Results meta-analysis: Compared placebo group, administration resulted significant reduction National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores among diagnosed stroke [SMD=-0.99,95% CI (-1.93, -0.05)]. placebo, barthel index [SMD = 0.48,95% (-0.55,1.51)], modified rankin score 0.45, 95% (1.11, 0.21)], adverse events (RR 0.68, (0.40, 1.17)] difference not statistically significant. Conclusion Based on current studies, cell transplantation can ameliorate neurological deficits certain extent without increasing reactions. However, there no effect Barthel Modified Rankin score.

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles as emerging therapeutic tools in the treatment of ischemic stroke

Tissue and Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 87, P. 102320 - 102320

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Comparative Analysis of the Advances in Stem Cell Therapy in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications and Future Directions

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Stem cell (SC) therapy is revolutionizing the field of plastic surgery by harnessing regenerative abilities SCs derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow to boost repair enhance aesthetic outcomes. This groundbreaking method enhances results in procedures such as fat grafting, facial rejuvenation, wound healing. As studies advance, SC shows potential for more sophisticated uses both reconstructive cosmetic surgery. The objective this review comprehensively examine advances within surgery, highlighting its current applications exploring future directions. systematic was conducted on adhering Preferred Reporting Items Systematic reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines specific search criteria. highlights these main outcomes, outcomes utilizing mesenchymal adipose-derived (ADSCs) marrow-derived (BMSCs), with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) providing additional support. Techniques scaffolds cellular reprogramming are employed guide growth, enabling tailored engineering complex procedures. innovative approach accelerates healing, reduces scarring surgeries, improves skin texture, ensures natural integration treated areas, ultimately yielding enhanced transforming rejuvenation processes. holds great promise, but challenges protocol standardization, cost, regulations still need be addressed. leading advancements offering superior improved quality life patients. Interestingly, focused integrating personalized transformative treatments. Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaboration among bioengineers, clinicians, regulatory bodies essential overcoming advancing research into clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Stem Cell–Based Therapies via Different Administration Route for Stroke: A Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

Cell Transplantation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Stroke, a neurological condition from compromised cerebral blood perfusion, remains major global cause of mortality and disability. Conventional therapies like tissue plasminogen activator are limited by narrow therapeutic windows potential adverse effects, highlighting the urgency for novel treatments. Stem cell–based therapies, with their neuroprotective regenerative properties, present promising yet highly diverse alternative. By conducting literature search data extraction PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, this meta-analysis assessed clinical efficacy safety stem administered via intravenous (IV) non-IV routes in 17 studies stroke patients. Primary outcomes included National Institute Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin (mRS), while secondary events. Results demonstrated significant improvements NIHSS, BI, mRS scores, particularly groups within 6- 12-month follow-ups, suggesting delayed but enhanced efficacy. Mortality was reduced both IV groups, indicating treatment safety. Adverse events, categorized into systemic complications, showed no differences between intervention control further emphasizing cell therapies. Non-IV more long-term benefits, potentially due to delivery integration. These findings demonstrate improve functional recovery survival patients, regardless administration route. However, response underscores need extended follow-up applications. Further research is required standardize protocols, optimize types doses, address patient-specific factors integrate routine practice.

Language: Английский

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Safety and Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 2118 - 2118

Published: March 20, 2025

Background: Although recent advancements in ischemic stroke management have reduced associated mortality rates, there remains a pressing need for more reliable, efficacious, and well-tolerated therapeutic approaches due to the narrow window of current treatment approaches. The meta-analysis sought evaluate safety efficacy stem cell-based options patients with stroke. Methods: PubMed, Web Science, Cochrane library databases were searched retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating cell therapy (SCT) patients. Key outcomes included National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin (mRS), Barthel Index (BI), Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA), infarct size, profile. random effects model continuous method was used calculate pooled effect size Review Manager 5.4.1, subgroup analyses performed based on demographics, duration, SCT delivery protocols. Results: A total 18 RCTs involving 1026 analyzed, 538 group 488 control group. mean change NIHSS score comparable between groups [MD = −0.80; 95% CI: −2.25, 0.65, p < 0.0001]. However, showed better mRS −0.56; −0.76, −0.35, 0.30] BI scores 12.00; 4.00, 20.00, 0.007]. Additionally, FMA significantly greater 18.16; 6.58, 29.75, 0.03]. volume also favored 8.89; −5.34, 23.12, 0.08]. profile favorable, adverse event rates or lower than controls. Conclusions: offers safe effective approach improving functional patients, particularly early intervention. These findings highlight potential rehabilitation while underscoring standardized protocols long-term evaluation.

Language: Английский

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