Digital Eye Strain- A Comprehensive Review

Ophthalmology and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1655 - 1680

Published: July 9, 2022

Digital eye strain (DES) is an entity encompassing visual and ocular symptoms arising due to the prolonged use of digital electronic devices. It characterized by dry eyes, itching, foreign body sensation, watering, blurring vision, headache. Non-ocular associated with include stiff neck, general fatigue, headache, backache. A variable prevalence ranging from 5 65% has been reported in pre-COVID-19 era. With lockdown restrictions during pandemic, outdoor activities were restricted for all age groups, learning became norm almost 2 years. While DES amongst children alone rose 50–60%, expanded recent onset esotropia vergence abnormalities as part spectrum. New-onset myopia increased progression existing one most significant health complications. Management options following correct ergonomics like reducing average daily screen time, frequent blinking, improving lighting, minimizing glare, taking regular breaks screen, changing focus distance object intermittently, 20-20-20 rule reduce strain. Innovations this field high-resolution screens, inbuilt antireflective coating, matte-finished glass, edge-to-edge displays, image smoothening graphic effects. Further explorations should on recommendations optimization, novel spectacle lens technologies, filters optimize comfort. paradigm shift required our understanding looking at etiological perspective, so that customized solutions can be explored accordingly. The aim review article understand pathophysiology varied manifestations, predisposing risk factors, management options, along patterns post COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload

Virtual Reality, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 19 - 50

Published: July 16, 2022

Abstract This narrative review synthesizes and introduces 386 previous works about virtual reality-induced symptoms effects by focusing on cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscle acute stress, mental overload. Usually, these VRISE are treated independently in the literature, although reality is increasingly considered an option to replace PCs at workplace, which encourages us consider them all once. We emphasize context of office-like tasks VR, gathering 57 articles meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Cybersickness symptoms, influenced fifty factors, could prevent workers from using VR. It studied but requires more research reach a theoretical consensus. VR can lead fatigue than other screen uses, fifteen mainly due vergence-accommodation conflicts. side effect testing clarification how it differs cybersickness. provoke musculoskeletal discomfort, depending interactions. stress technostress, task difficulty, time pressure, public speaking. also potentially leads overload, load, intrinsically interaction interface environment. propose agenda tackle ergonomics risks issues workplace.

Language: Английский

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IMI—Global Trends in Myopia Management Attitudes and Strategies in Clinical Practice—2022 Update

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(6), P. 6 - 6

Published: May 1, 2023

Surveys in 2015 and 2019 identified a high level of eye care practitioner concern/activity about myopia, but the majority still prescribed single vision interventions to young myopes. This research aimed provide updated information.A self-administered, internet-based questionnaire was distributed 13 languages, through professional bodies practitioners globally. The questions examined awareness increasing myopia prevalence, perceived efficacy adoption available strategies, reasons for not adopting specific strategies.Of 3195 respondents, practitioners' concern frequency pediatric their practices differed between continents (P < 0.001), being significantly higher Asia (9.0 ± 1.5 10) than other (range 7.7-8.2; P ≤ 0.001). Overall, combination therapy by be most effective method control, followed orthokeratology pharmaceutical approaches. least methods were distance undercorrection, spectacles contact lenses, as well bifocal spectacles. Practitioners rated activity control (6.6 2.9 South America 7.9 1.2/2.2 Australasia Asia). Single-vision are option progressing (32.2%), this has decreased since 2019, (15.2%), lenses (8.7%) (4.0%) growing popularity.More across globe practicing there significant differences within continents. reported that embracing enhanced patient loyalty, practice revenue improving job satisfaction.

Language: Английский

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Influence of age and race on axial elongation in myopic children: A systematic review and meta-regression

Optometry and Vision Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 101(8), P. 497 - 507

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

PURPOSE Axial elongation is the basis of progression in primary myopia and preferred metric to monitor its evolution. We conducted a meta-regression model axial associated factors children with low moderate myopia. METHODS A comprehensive electronic systematic search was performed using Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials studies up until October 2021. The mean rate analyzed multivariate linear mixed-effects model, backward stepwise elimination nonsignificant covariates. included three levels random effects, allowing both prediction confidence intervals be estimated. RESULTS total 64 83 subpopulations 142 evaluations change from baseline met our inclusion criteria had no missing significant covariates final model. separate analysis including all populations length data (202 evaluations) but variance or covariate produced similar that for complete data. 38% greater Asian (95% interval, 19 61%; p<0.01) compared non-Asians, groups show 15% decline per year as age increases 12 17% p<0.0001). Prediction indicate substantial variability around estimates. CONCLUSIONS This provides values evaluation efficacy control. broad emphasize large range individual rates population, illustrating challenge managing children. Interpretation limited by use aggregated rather than subject

Language: Английский

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Peripheral Defocus and Myopia Management: A Mini-Review

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 70 - 81

Published: Feb. 5, 2023

Myopia is the most common refractive error in world, and its’ prevalence continually increases. The potential pathological visual complications of progressive myopia have inspired researchers to study sources myopia, axial elongation, explore modalities arrest progression. Considerable attention has been given over past few years risk factor known as hyperopic peripheral blur, focus this review. primary theories currently believed be cause parameters considered contribute influence effect such surface retinal area or depth blur will discussed. available optical devices designed provide myopic defocus discussed, including bifocal addition ophthalmic lenses, single vision orthokeratology multifocal center distance soft well their effectivity mentioned literature date.

Language: Английский

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Emmetropization and nonmyopic eye growth

Survey of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(4), P. 759 - 783

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: A systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 23, 2023

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of interventions control myopia progression. In this systematic review, primary outcomes were mean differences (MD) between treatment and groups in progression (D) axial length (AL) elongation (mm).

Language: Английский

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IMI—Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(6), P. 3 - 3

Published: May 1, 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences high myopia (≤-6 diopters [D]) in infants young children.High is rare pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%. etiology such different older children, rate secondary associated prematurity or genetic causes. priority following diagnosis childhood determine whether there an medical that may be greater overall importance health child through evaluation targets commonest features syndromic forms myopia. Biometric (including axial length corneal curvature) important distinguishing from refractive abnormal development anterior segment. Additional investigation includes ocular imaging, electrophysiological tests, testing, involvement pediatricians geneticists often warranted. Following optical correction essential, but more challenging complex children. Application control interventions group requires case-by-case approach due lack evidence efficacy heterogeneity condition pattern seen management terms correction, use treatments, multidisciplinary process.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of the long-term effects of atropine in combination with Orthokeratology and defocus incorporated multiple segment lenses for myopia control in Chinese children and adolescents

Eye, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(9), P. 1660 - 1667

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Sunlight: Time for a Rethink?

Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 144(8), P. 1724 - 1732

Published: April 24, 2024

Multiple strands of evidence point to the importance sunlight on health, but research in this field has been limited by focus dermatology community almost exclusively harmful effects (American Academy Dermatology, 2022American DermatologyPractice safe sun.https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/sun-protection/shade-clothing-sunscreen/practice-safe-sunDate: 2022Date accessed: November 24, 2023Google Scholar; National Health Service, 2022National ServiceSunscreen and sun safety.https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/seasonal-health/sunscreen-and-sun-safety/Date: Scholar) absence involvement nondermatologists considering wider health outcomes related exposure. I would like conclude highlighting 2 areas.

Language: Английский

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